大熊猫RPS15 cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本研究运用RT-PCR技术,首次从大熊猫 Ailuropoda melanoleuca的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了核糖体蛋白S15 (RPS15)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了初步分析.结果 表明:大熊猫RPS15基因的表达序列全长为442 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为438 bp,编码145个氨基酸,该蛋白的分子量为17.0401 KDa, 等电点为10.3,含有2个依赖于cAMP和cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点, 5个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,4个N-酰基化位点及1个RPS19蛋白signature位点.进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPS15基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性.     

大熊猫核糖体蛋白S11亚基基因(RPS11)cDNA的克隆及序列分析

RPS11是核糖体小亚基40S的组成部分,由RPS11基因所编码,属于核糖体蛋白S17p家族,主要存在于真核生物中.为了解大熊猫核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11基因的结构特点及其与已报道的人和其他哺乳动物核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11 基因的异同,本研究根据已报道的部分哺乳动物核糖体蛋白S11亚基基因(RPS11)的相关信息设计引物,运用RT-PCR 技术从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了核糖体蛋白亚基RPS11基因,并进行了测序和序列分析.结果表明:大熊猫RPS11亚基基因的开放阅读框(ORF)长为477 bp,编码158 个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的相对分子量为18.4275 kDa,pI为10.96.拓扑预测显示该蛋白含有14个功能位点:即2 个N-糖基化位点,6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点和1个核糖体蛋白S17 signature位点.进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPS11基因与已报道的部分哺乳动物的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列都具有很高的相似性.本研究结果为丰富和完善哺乳动物RPS11基因资源库提供了基础资料.     

大熊猫LSM3c DNA序列的克隆及序列分析

运用RT-PCR技术首次从大熊猫Ailuropoda melanoleuca的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了LSM3的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析.结果 表明:大熊猫LSM3基因的表达序列含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为306 bp,编码102个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量为11.845 kDa,pI为4.58,含有1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、1个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点和1个细胞附着序列.进一步分析发现,大熊猫LSM3基因的表达序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性,其编码的氨基酸序列与其他哺乳动物完全一致.     

大熊猫和亚洲黑熊TNNC1 基因的克隆、表达与序列分析

慢肌肌钙蛋白C (Troponin C type 1,TNNC1)具有高度保守性,调控骨骼肌慢肌和心肌的收缩,影响肌蛋白的生成,从而可能导致动物肌肉的生长、进化和功能的差异。本研究以大熊猫和亚洲黑熊骨骼肌为材料,提取总RNA 和基因组DNA,运用RT-PCR 和Touch-down PCR 分别扩增出TNNC1 基因的cDNA 序列和结构基因序列,并且构建了含有TNNC1 cDNA 的重组表达载体,转化进入E. coli BL21 进行超表达研究。结果表明大熊猫TNNC1 基因的cDNA 片段长602 bp,包含一个编码161 个氨基酸的开放阅读框,其结构基因全长2 831 bp,包含6 个外显子和5 个内含子。亚洲黑熊TNNC1 基因的cDNA 片段长486 bp,亦包含一个编码161 个氨基酸的开放阅读框,其结构基因全长2 758 bp,同样包含6 个外显子和5 个内含子。该两个物种的TNNC1 基因与已报道的13种动物的TNNC1 基因具有很高的相似性。拓扑预测表明,大熊猫和亚洲黑熊TNNC1 蛋白有1 个蛋白激酶C 磷酸化位点,5 个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,1 个N-豆蔻酰化位点,3 个EF 手性钙结合域及1 个N - 糖基化位点。将TNNC1 基因在大肠杆菌中表达发现TNNC1 蛋白与氮端多聚组氨酸标签蛋白(His6) 融合成大小为23. 5kD 左右的多肽,这与预期结果相一致。本研究结果为进一步深入探讨大熊猫和亚洲黑熊TNNC1 基因及蛋白的结构、功能和进化关系提供资料。     

绵羊CAST基因2型和4型转录本的克隆及特性分析

钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(Calpastatin, CAST)是一种内源性的需要Ca²⁺激活的钙蛋白酶抑制剂, 在肌肉组织的蛋白质降解过程中起重要的调节作用。文章利用牛^CAST基因的mRNA序列, 通过逆转录RT-PCR首次克隆获得绵羊CAST基因2型转录本和4型转录本的部分cDNA序列, 并对序列进行生物信息学分析。CAST基因2型转录本的扩增片段为4 385 bp, 完整的开放阅读框为2 361 bp, 编码786个氨基酸; CAST基因4型转录本的扩增片段为1 467 bp, 完整的开放阅读框为1 317 bp, 编码438个氨基酸。CASTⅡ型蛋白序列存在4个保守结构域, CASTⅣ型蛋白序列存在3个保守结构域; 两者的二级结构均以螺旋为主, 富含疏水区域, 其氨基酸序列存在多个磷酸化位点以及蛋白激酶C(Protein kinase C, PKC)的磷酸化位点。通过RT-PCR分析CAST基因2型转录本和4型转录本的组织表达谱, 结果表明CAST基因2型转录本在所检测的10个组织中均表达, CAST基因4型转录本仅在睾丸组织中表达。     

大豆GmDAO1基因的功能预测及表达分析

本研究通过在大豆基因组数据库中检索拟南芥AtDAO1在大豆中的同源基因,获得了GmDAO1基因序列。通过对GmDAO1基因编码的氨基酸序列及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,我们发现GmDAO1基因CDS序列全长951bp,编码316个氨基酸。GmDAO1编码的蛋白为亲水性蛋白,具有1个N-糖基化位点、3个激酶磷酸化位点与1个豆蔻酰化位点。结构域分析表明GmDAO1含有双加氧酶与2OG-Fe(II)加氧酶结构域,是2-酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶基因(2-ODD)家族的成员。GmDAO1预测的启动子区域含有与激素、胁迫、光应答、生物钟调控和转录因子结合相关的顺式作用元件。系统进化分析结果表明DAO1在豆科植物进化过程中比较保守。组织特异性表达分析结果显示GmDAO1在叶片中表达量最低,在根中表达量最高。因此我们推测其可能参与生长素的代谢途径。     

苦荞谷胱甘肽转移酶(FtGST)基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RACE技术,从苦荞(Fagopyrum tatarium)中克隆得到一个谷胱甘肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase protein,FtGST)基因。序列分析表明,FtGST基因全长DNA序列和cDNA序列编码区分别为746 bp和666 bp,DNA序列含有一个长度为80 bp(342-421 bp)的内含子;开放阅读框(ORF)长666 bp,编码221个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,FtGST基因推导的蛋白质含有Tau家族典型的底物结合口袋、谷胱甘肽结合位点(G-site)和疏水性底物结合位点(H-site)氨基酸残基,表明FtGST为Tau家族蛋白。     

苦荞查尔酮合酶基因CHS的结构及花期不同组织表达量分析

采用同源克隆、染色体步移和RT-PCR技术,首次克隆到苦荞查尔酮合酶基因(CHS)的全长DNA序列和cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)序列.序列分析表明,苦荞CHS DNA序列(GU172165)全长1 632 bp,含1个445 bp的内含子;cDNA编码区(HM852753)全长1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸,命名为FtCHS.生物信息学分析表明,FtCHS和推导的氨基酸序列与其它植物CHS基因同源率在95%以上,含有CHS多基因家族的标签序列(GFGPG)、活性位点、底物结合口袋位点和环化反应口袋位点.半定量RT-PCR分析苦荞花期FtCHS空间表达模型表明,其表达量未成熟种子叶茎花根成熟种子,与苦荞芦丁含量的分布基本一致,具有组织特异性。     

藏酋猴达菲抗原/趋化因子受体基因的克隆与序列分析

利用GenBank公布的恒河猴达菲抗原/趋化因子受体基因(FY)核苷酸序列设计2对特异引物,采用PCR方法克隆藏酋猴Macaca thibetana FY基因,分别得到1.0kb和1.1kb的DNA片段,通过DNA测序和序列拼接获得藏酋猴FY基因1491bp片段,该片段包含2个外显子(21bp和990bp)和1个内含子(480bp)。该基因开放阅读框长1011bp,编码336个氨基酸,该蛋白等电点是5.77,分子量是35.52kDa,分子半衰期30h,不稳定指数是39.84,总平均疏水性是0.689,是疏水性蛋白。拓扑结构预测显示该基因编码氨基酸有15个潜在的功能位点:3个N-糖基化位点,2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,10个N-肉豆蔻酰化位点。整个蛋白质多肽链含有7个跨膜螺旋区,4个细胞外区和4个细胞内区。同源性比较结果显示,与人、恒河猴、牛、兔、犬、大熊猫6个物种FY基因编码区核苷酸序列间同源性分别为94.7%、99%、75.2%、80.2%、74.5%、71.7%,氨基酸序列间同源性分别为92%、99%、89.8%、78.2%、90%、89.3%。系统进化树结果表明:藏酋猴与恒河猴亲缘关系最近,与人类亲缘关系较近。     

金花茶查尔酮合成酶基因全长克隆与序列分析

利用RT-PCR和RACE方法,从我国珍稀植物金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)花瓣中获得了查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因的cDNA全长,命名为Cn-CHS,GenBank登录号HQ269804.碱基序列分析表明,Cn-CHS全长1 454bp,包含77 bp的5'非翻译区、207 bp的3'非翻译区和一个长为1 170 bp编码389个氨基酸的开放阅读框.氨基酸序列分析显示该基因编码的蛋白具有CHS家族保守存在的所有功能活性位点和特征性多肽序列.氨基酸序列比对分析表明,CnCHS与蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、茄科等植物的CHS相似性都在92%以上;与山茶科山茶属物种山茶(C.japonica)CHS完全一致;与茶(C.sinensis)CHS相似性达99%,有5个氨基酸位点存在差异,其中包括一个功能性位点.     

cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the giant panda

RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E.coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.     

大熊猫Sjogren综合症/硬皮病自身抗原1基因(SSSCA1)的克隆及比较

硬皮病或称系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc),又名sjogren's综合症,是一种以局限性或弥漫性皮肤及内脏器官结缔组织纤维化或硬化,最后发展至萎缩为特点的疾病.根据受累范围、程度、病程分为局限性SSc和弥漫性SSc两类,累及的内脏器官为肺脏、食管,患者常死于肺部感染、肾衰竭、心力衰竭等.     

Nucleotide Sequences of an Important Functional Gene hnRNPA2/B1 from Ailuropoda melanoleuca and Ursus thibetanus mupinensis and Its Potential Value in Phylogenetic Study

The cDNA fragments of hnRNPA2/B1 were cloned from the giant panda and black bear using RT-PCR method, which were, respectively, 1029bp and 1026bp in length encoding 343 and 341 amino acids. Analysis indicated the cDNA cloned from the giant panda encoded variant B1 while the cDNA cloned from black bear encoded variant A2.

Analyzing the hnRNPA2B1 peptide of the giant panda and black bear, 76 glycine residues and 86 glycine residues were, respectively, found, and moreover, most glycine are concentrated in the latter halves of the hnRNPA2B1 peptides. Functional sites prediction also showed many N-myristoylation sites existed in the glycine-rich domain, which is probably related to the role of telomere maintenance.

From base bias and substitution analysis, we can conclude that the ORF of hnRNPA2/B1 biased G while hated C, and transition of the third site did not achieve the level of saturation.

Orthology analysis indicated that both the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity to other 26 hnRNPA2/B1 sequences from mammals and nonmammals reported. These sequences were used to construct phylogenetic trees employing the NJ method with 1000 bootstrap, and the obtained tree demonstrated similar topology with the classical systematics, which suggested the potential value of hnRNPA2/B1 in phylogenetic analysis.

This report will be the first step to the study function of hnRNPA2/B1 in the giant panda and black bear, and will provide a scientific basis to disease surveillance, captive breeding, and conservation of the endangered species.     

大熊猫辅酶Q-细胞色素C 氧化还原酶的辅酶Q连接蛋白基因cDNA 的克隆及序列比较

大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是世界上极其宝贵的自然历史遗产,具有重要的学术研究价值,其生存和保护现状为世人所关注。而从分子水平上对大熊猫开展研究逐渐成为国内外研究的重点。目前,对大熊猫基因的研究多集中于线粒体（Zhang and Ryder,1994）和部分基因的克隆与分析（周荣家等,1998）,而涉及众多功能基因及其生物学功能探索相对较少,     

Giant panda ribosomal protein S14: cDNA, genomic sequence cloning, sequence analysis, and overexpression

RPS14 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit encoded by the RPS14 gene and is required for its maturation. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPS14 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology and touchdown-PCR, respectively; they were both sequenced and analyzed. The length of the cloned cDNA fragment was 492 bp; it contained an open-reading frame of 456 bp, encoding 151 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence is 3421 bp; it contains four exons and three introns. Alignment analysis indicates that the nucleotide sequence shares a high degree of homology with those of Homo sapiens, Bos taurus, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio (93.64, 83.37, 92.54, 91.89, 87.28, 84.21, and 84.87%, respectively). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the giant panda with those of these other species revealed that the RPS14 of giant panda is highly homologous with those of B. taurus, R. norvegicus and D. rerio (85.99, 99.34 and 99.34%, respectively), and is 100% identical with the others. This degree of conservation of RPS14 suggests evolutionary selection. Topology prediction shows that there are two N-glycosylation sites, three protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, four N-myristoylation sites, two amidation sites, and one ribosomal protein S11 signature in the RPS14 protein of the giant panda. The RPS14 gene can be readily expressed in Escherichia coli. When it was fused with the N-terminally His-tagged protein, it gave rise to accumulation of an expected 22-kDa polypeptide, in good agreement with the predicted molecular weight. The expression product obtained can be purified for studies of its function.     

cDNA,genomic sequence and overexpression of crystallin alpha-B Gene (CRYAB) of the Giant Panda

αB-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, has been shown to prevent the aggregation of other proteins under various stress conditions. Here we have cloned the cDNA and the genomic sequence of CRYAB gene from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. The length of cDNA fragment cloned contains an open reading frame of 528bp encoding 175 amino acids and the length of the genomic sequence is 3189bp, containing three exons and two introns. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other four species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Bos taurus. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda CRYAB to that of these species are 93.9%, 91.5%, 91.5% and 95.3%, respectively, and the homologies for amino acid sequences are 98.3%, 97.1%,97.7% and 99.4%, respectively. Topology prediction shows that there are only four Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites in the CRYAB protein of the Giant Panda. The cDNA of CRYAB was transfected into E. coli, and the CRYAB fused with the N-terminally His-tagged protein gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 24KDa polypeptide, which accorded with the predicted protein. The expression product obtained could be used for purification and study of its function further.     

Expression, purification, and evaluation for anticancer activity of ribosomal protein L31 gene (RPL31) from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Ribosomal protein L31 gene is a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit encoded by RPL31 gene, while ribosomal protein L31 (RPL31) is an important constituent of peptidyltransferase center. In our research, the cDNA and the genomic sequence of RPL31 were cloned successfully from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology respectively, following sequencing and analyzing preliminarily. We constructed a recombinant expression vector contained RPL31 cDNA and over-expressed it in Escherichia coli using pET28a plasmids. The expression product was purified to obtain recombinant protein of RPL31 from the giant panda. Recombinant protein of RPL31 obtained from the experiment acted on human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 and human hepatoma HepG-2 cells for study of its anti-cancer activity by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimehyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] method. Then observe these cells growth depressive effect. The result indicated that the cDNA fragment of the RPL31 cloned from the giant panda is 419 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 378 bp, and deduced protein was composed of 125 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 14.46-kDa and PI of 11.21. The length of the genomic sequence is 8,091 bp, which was found to possess four exons and three introns. The RPL31 gene can be readily expressed in E.coli, expecting 18-kDa polypeptide that formed inclusion bodies. Recombinant protein RPL31 from the giant panda consists of 157 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 17.86 kDa and PI of 10.77. The outcomes showed that the cell growth inhibition rate in a time- and dose-dependent on recombinant protein RPL31. And also indicated that the effect at low concentrations was better than high concentrations on Hep-2 cells, and the concentration of 0.33 μg/mL had the best rate of growth inhibition, 44 %. Consequently, our study aimed at revealing the recombinant protein RPL31 anti-cancer function from the giant panda, providing scientific basis and resources for the research and development of cancer protein drugs anti-cancer mechanism research. Further studies of the mechanism and the signal transduction pathways are in progress.