不同产地吴茱萸果实挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及与小花吴茱萸的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕西汉中、贵州、福建、江西4个产地的吴茱萸和汉中产小花吴茱萸的果实挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)共鉴定出154种化学成分,主要为萜类、酯类及酰胺类等化合物。其中陕西汉中产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出48种化学成分,未知成分2种。主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(相对含量为75.05%,下同)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.10%)、β-香叶烯(6.14%)等;贵州产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出43种化学成分,未知成分3种,其主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(67.04%)、β-香叶烯(9.66%)、顺式-罗勒烯(7.98%)等;福建产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出57种化学成分,未知成分2种,主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(73.14%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.41%)、β-香叶烯(3.82%)等;江西产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出61种化学成分,主要种类有β-香叶烯(33.49%)、反式-罗勒烯(30.27%)、β-水芹烯(18.86%)、顺式-罗勒烯(5.23%)等;陕西汉中产小花吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出化学成分83种,未知成分3个,其主要成分为反式-罗勒烯(40.21%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.99%)、β-香叶烯(6.74%)等。结果表明,不同产地吴茱萸及小花吴茱萸果实中挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,但各自挥发油化合物组成又都含有其特有化学成分。     

中药法落海挥发油化学成分研究

目的：分析和鉴定法落海中挥发油的化学成分。方法：用蒸馏法提取法落海中的挥发油，借助GC-MS法将挥发油中各化学成分进行分离和鉴定，用峰面积归一化法测定其相对含量。结果：法落海挥发油离子流图共有99个峰，鉴定出了77种化合物，占挥发油总量96.1%，其中主要成分为：α-蒎烯（27.33%）、α-水芹烯（9.87%），十二烷醇（8.41%）、罗勒烯（7.24%）、4,4,6,6-四甲基-二环[3.1.0]己-2-烯（5.55%）、肉豆蔻脑酸（3.58%）、蛇麻烯（2.76%）等。结论：本实验采用GC-MS联用技术分析了法落海中所含挥发油成分，使用峰面积归一化法计算挥发油中的相对含量，该方法操作简单，灵敏度高，检测效果好。简要讨论主要成分中化学成分的药理作用，为开发利用法落海提供理论依据。     

佛手挥发油特征化学成分群GC-MS研究

目的:分析6个不同产地佛手挥发油的化学成分,确定其特征化学指标成分群.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取佛手挥发油.运用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS),结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,得到其共有的特征性化学成分群,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.结果:从广东、四川、金华、广西、安徽佛手的挥发油中鉴定16种共有特征成分,按保留时间的先后顺序分别为:α-水芹烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-萜品油烯、邻伞花烃、柠檬烯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯、γ-萜品油烯、乙酸芳樟酯、顺式-水合桧烯、α-萜品醇、β-柠檬醛、α-柠檬醛,其占总峰面积的的比例大于82.9%;其中柠檬烯和γ-萜品烯是主要成分,两者峰面积占总峰面积的比例大于65%.结论:所建立的特征成分群能充分地袁征佛手挥发油化学组成,可以为佛手挥发油的质量评价提供参考.     

新型烟草化学成分及医药成分的初步分析

采用酯酶同工酶分析方法鉴定出新型烟草罗勒烟中转入了亲本药用植物罗勒的遗传物质.烟叶主要化学成分分析显示,罗勒烟具有低糖、中高烟碱的特点.气相色谱-质谱联用技术初步分析表明,罗勒烟中含有柠檬烯、香薷酮β-丁香烯和罗勒烯等罗勒挥发油的成分,并产生了水α-松油醇、金合欢烯和γ-古云烯等新的医药成分和香料成分.罗勒烟在卷烟、食品和医药等领域具有很高的综合利用价值.     

滨海前胡不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取滨海前胡Peucedanum japonicum根、茎叶、花及果实中挥发油,使用GC-MS分析挥发油并鉴定其化学成分,比较不同部位挥发油的化学成分及含量差异。结果显示,从根、茎叶、花和果实挥发油中分别鉴定出58、36、40和45种化学成分, 分别占各部位挥发油总量的95.60%、98.03%、95.82%和95.36%。四个部位共鉴定出79个化学成分, 其中有相同化合物20种,主要成分为α-侧柏烯、α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯等。     

鸭儿芹根、茎、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸溜法提取其根、茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对其化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.鸭儿芹根挥发油中共分离出11个峰,鉴定出11种化合物,占总离子峰的98.61％,主要成分为α-芹子烯、γ-芹子烯等;茎中共分离出25个峰,鉴定出25种化合物,占总离子峰的100.00％,主要成分为...     

火麻仁挥发油的化学成分研究

本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取传统中药火麻仁中的挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,面积归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS鉴定其化学成分.共检出90个色谱峰,鉴定其中62个化合物,占挥发油总量的89 25%.鉴定的成分包括44种烃类化合物、7种芳香族化合物和11种脂肪族化合物及其衍生物.烃类化合物中以萜类为主,占挥发油总量的32.01%,相对含量较高的单萜及其衍生物包括β-芳樟醇(1.66%)、β-顺式-罗勒烯(1.30%)、樟脑(0.93%)、冰片和薄荷醇(0.44%);相对含量较高的倍半萜及其衍生物包括大牦牛儿烯 D(8.20%)、α-芹子烯(5.23%)、β-丁香烯(3.65%)、氧化石竹烯(2.22%)、δ-愈创木烯(1.55%)和α-丁香烯(1.19%).     

扁桃叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),首次对扁桃叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用气相色谱面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量.共鉴定出其中的38种化合物,占挥发油总量的94.52%,其主要成分为:大根香叶烯(18.33%),喇叭醇(9.46%),石竹烯(9.04%),δ-杜松烯(5.73%),...     

侧柏和千头柏挥发油化学成分分析

比较研究同一地点的侧柏和千头柏挥发油化学成分的异同。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;气相色谱-质谱联用技术结合Kovats保留指数比较法鉴定挥发油化学成分。结果表明,这种方法与单纯质谱匹配度的方法相比,大大提高了挥发油化学成分鉴定的准确性。侧柏和千头柏叶挥发油的主要成分都是α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和雪松醇,两者的挥发油化学成分具有较高的相似性。     

石油菜挥发油和超临界流体萃取物化学成分的GC-MS分析

首次利用水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界流体萃取法(SFE)对石油菜地上部位进行提取,分别获得挥发油和SFE萃取物,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)结合计算机数据库检索对这两种提取物的化学成分进行了分析鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法测定了其中各个化学成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出39个色谱峰,鉴定了其中28个化学成分,已鉴定出的成分的相对含量总和占化合物检出总量的91.90%,化合物类型均为萜类。从SFE萃取物中共分离出136个色谱峰,鉴定了其中65个化学成分,已鉴定出的成分的相对含量总和占化合物检出总量的58.17%,化合物类型包括萜类、芳香族类和脂肪族类。挥发油和SFE萃取物均含有α-蒎烯、石竹烯和桉油烯醇,其他成分则存在较大差异。     

绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒的精油成分分析

该研究采用固相微萃取法(SPEM)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),分析绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油的化学成分。结果表明:从绿罗勒(Ocimum basilicum‘Green’)中鉴定出40种化学成分;从莴苣罗勒(O.basilicum‘Lettuce’)中鉴定出26个化学成分;从大叶罗勒(O.basilicum var.majus)中鉴定出36个化学成分。绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油中共有的香味物质为芳樟醇、[1S-(1à,4à,7à)]-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-甘菊环烃]和榄香烯。从绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油检测到的主要成分中发现,绿罗勒和大叶罗勒同为芳樟醇,化学型同为芳樟醇型;莴苣罗勒为桉树脑,化学型为桉树脑型。此外,还对绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒精油化学型的差异进行了分析,对罗勒精油的应用前景进行了展望。     

广西小叶红叶藤挥发油化学成分及抗氧化性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对小叶红叶藤挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH·法、ABTS,+法和铁氰化钾还原法对其抗氧化能力进行研究.结果表明:从小叶红叶藤挥发油分离出221个色谱峰,共鉴定64个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.72％,主要成分为dl-薄荷酮(53.43％)、(E)-薄荷酮(14.20％)、5-甲基-2-...     

大花金挖耳不同部位挥发油化学成分比较分析

采用GC-MS技术,对利用水蒸气蒸馏法从大花金挖耳根、茎、叶、花及花托等5个部位获得的挥发油组分进行了分析.从大花金挖耳5种挥发油中共鉴定出99种成分,从根、茎、叶、花及花托分别鉴定出了37、34、47、29和40种化合物,已鉴定的组分分别占相应挥发油的85.86%、84.98%、83.06%、84.58%和89.06%.5个部位挥发油化学组成差异较大,根挥发油主要成分为倍半萜类和酯类;茎挥发油主要为倍半萜和烯类(包括烯醇、烯酸、烯酮);叶和花挥发油主要为烯类(包括烯醇、烯酸、烯酮)和酯类;花托挥发油主要为倍半萜类和二萜类.     

不同产地的千只眼精油化学成分的比较研究

云南省易门、通海和建水产的千只眼(Murraya tetramera Huang)枝叶分别经水蒸汽蒸馏得到精油,以气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用方法进行了定性、定量分析,共鉴定了27个化学成分。从易门产的千只眼精油中分离鉴定了21个化合物,为精油含量的99.69％;从通海产的千只眼精油中分离鉴定了18个化合物,为精油含量的99.44％;从建水产的千只眼精油中鉴定了20个化合物,为精油含量的99.72％。这些成分除石竹烯为倍半萜外,其余化合物都属于单萜或其含氧衍生物。三个产地的千只眼精油中都含主成分柠檬烯和紫苏醛。     

Essential Oils as Potent Source of Nematicidal Compounds

Bioassay tests were conducted to find out the nematicidal activity of eight essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood at four concentrations. Maximum activity was recorded in oils of Eucalyptus citriodora , Eucalyptus hybrida and Ocimum basilicum followed by Pelargonium graveolens , Cymbopogon martinii, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita and Mentha spicata oils, respectively. The eucalyptus ( E. citriodora and E. hybrida ) and Indian basil ( O. basilicum ) oils were highly toxic to M. incognita even at the lower concentrations, namely 500 and 250 ppm. The remaining oils were also toxic to the nematode but at different amounts.     

An interpopulation study of the essential oils of Cistus parviflorus L. growing in Crete (Greece)

The composition of the essential oils of nine populations of Cistus parviflorus L., from Crete (Greece) and their interpopulation variability, were investigated by GC-MS. 114 compounds were identified representing an average of 85-96% of oil composition. Labdane diterpenes were detected and identified in the essential oils of Cistus parviflorus L. for the first time. The results obtained from GC-MS analysis of the volatile oils were submitted to principal component and chemometric cluster analysis. Two main chemotypes (clusters) were differentiated; the first of West Crete and the second of East Crete. Carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, alpha-epi-cadinol, abietatriene, 4-epi-dehydroabietol, dehydro abietol, cis-ferruginol and manoyl oxide mixture of isomers are the main constituents, while oxygenated sesquiterpenes as well as diterpenes have been found in high percentage composition.     

种植青蒿与野生青蒿精油成分对比分析

用水蒸气蒸馏法和GC-MS法对来源于重庆云阳的栽培青蒿和野生青蒿精油的化学成分进行分析.从冬季和春季栽培的青蒿精油中分别鉴定出29和28个化合物,野生青蒿精油中鉴定出21个化合物.3种精油的化学成分差别明显,两种栽培青蒿精油有16个化合物相同.而栽培青蒿与野生青蒿精油仅有6个化合物相同.这表明基因型对青蒿精油的组成起决定作用;而气候因素对各成分的相对含量有重要影响,尤其对蒿酮和樟脑的积累影响较大.本文对进一步研究青蒿精油中萜类化合物之间的生源关系具有一定的参考价值.     

Inhibitory effects of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum on Colletotrichum musae: The causal agent of bananas anthracnose

This study aimed to investigate the fungicidal effects of essential oils (EO) from Ocimum sp. on Colletotrichum musae. The fungus was isolated from bananas that showed typical symptoms of anthracnose followed by molecular identification. Oils were obtained by hydro‐distillation, and the chemical constituents were analysed using gas chromatography. The antifungal activity of the oils was tested in vitro against mycelia growth and conidia germination. In situ tests were carried out by spraying the oil on healthy bananas followed by the inoculation with C. musae conidia and the assessment of the necrosis symptoms. The obtained results revealed that the yield of the oil extracted from Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum were 0.17% and 0.40%, respectively. Thujanol (24.38%), eugenol (23.78%) and (Z)‐ß‐ocimene (16.59%) were the main components found in O. basilicum while thymol (42.65%), trans‐sabinene hydrate (21.63%) and limonene (8.68%) were the major components found in O. gratissimum. The total reduction in the C. musae mycelial growth was observed at 800 and 275 µl/L, for the O. basilicum and O. gratissimum oils, respectively. These oils also inhibited completely the conidia germination at 400 and 185 µl/L. In situ tests showed the necrosis reduction bananas anthracnose. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the preventive and curative test after the application of O. basilicum oil was 6,000 and 4,000 µl/L, respectively, whereas for the O. gratissimum oil, the MIC was 3,000 and 1,000 µl/L, jointly. Positive correlations were identified between the oil concentration and the reduction in bananas necrosis. These results indicated that the O. gratissimum EOs might be used as a biocide for the control of bananas anthracnose disease.     

Fumigant toxicity of the essential oils of some African plants against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto

The essential oils from 15 species of African plants selected by ethnobotanical considerations and field inspection (odour and presence of insects) were screened for fumigant toxicity to Anopheles gambiae s.s. in the laboratory. Essential oils from 6 species showed varying levels of toxicity, with Conyza newii (Compositae) and Plectranthus marruboides (Labiateae) being the most potent. Fifty compounds representing approximately 74% of the essential oil of C. newii were identified by GC-MS and GC-coinjection (for available standards). The major and some of the minor constituents of the two oils were assayed at different doses. Two compounds, from C. newii, perillaldehyde and perillyl alcohol, exhibited higher fumigant toxicity (LD50 = 1.05 x 10(-4) and 2.52 x 10(-4) mg cm(-3), respectively) than the parent oil (2.0 x 10(-3) mg cm(-3)). GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of P. marruboides gave results similar to that previously reported. Interestingly, none of its components were active, suggesting that the insecticidal activity of the oil results from either some of the minor components or as a blend effect of some of the major constituents.     

羌活挥发油成分分析

从羌活、宽叶羌活的根茎及根中提取了挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的化学成分,共鉴定了136个成分(羌活78个成分、宽叶羌活58个成分),用气相色谱法测定了挥发油各成分的相对百分含量,其鉴定率分别达到94.90％和91.41％。