萝卜营养生长期超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的变化

研究了不同品种萝卜营养生长期其超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD,EC1.15.1.1)活性及丙二醛( MDA)含量的变化。结果表明 :不同品种萝卜及同一品种萝卜在不同营养生长期其 SOD活性存在较大差异 ,SOD活性随叶龄的增大而升高 ,4 0 d时达最大峰值 ,随后下降 ;MDA含量在叶片展开后 4 0 d内缓慢上升 ,此后明显升高。SOD活性低的萝卜品种其丙二醛含量高 ,萝卜肉质根的 SOD活性高于叶片的 SOD活性。说明萝卜营养生长期存在活跃的活性氧代谢 ,SOD活性降低可能是引起 MDA含量升高的原因之一。     

萝卜肉质根糠心的生理生化指标变化特征北大核心CSCD

为探究不同种质萝卜肉质根在生长中后期不同糠心等级下的生理变化规律,为萝卜糠心调控的深入研究和耐糠心品种选育提供理论依据。该研究以耐糠心萝卜C70922、不耐糠心萝卜C3156、中等耐糠心萝卜C83471为材料,分别测定不同糠心等级下肉质根相关生理指标变化,并通过石蜡切片观察肉质根糠心过程中细胞变化规律。结果显示:(1)不同萝卜品种肉质根的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均在第1级糠心时达最高或最低,其过氧化物酶(POD)活性、游离脯氨酸含量均在第2级糠心时达到极值。(2)不同萝卜品种肉质根的可溶性糖和还原糖的含量均在第3级糠心时达到极值。(3)随着萝卜糠心等级提高,各萝卜品种肉质根的可溶性淀粉含量呈先减少后增加再减少的趋势。(4)耐糠心萝卜C70922肉质根的纤维素含量在不同糠心等级之间的变化不显著,而不耐糠心萝卜C3156与中等耐糠心萝卜C83471肉质根的纤维素含量均在糠心第3等级时达到最高。(5)肉质根维生素C的积累与萝卜糠心等级密切相关。(6)萝卜肉质根中心相同部位石蜡切片观察发现,相同糠心等级下随耐糠心性的减弱,细胞体积逐渐变大,排列更松散,细胞壁变溥;相同萝卜材料中随糠心等级增加,细胞破碎更多,溢缩程度加重,溢缩中心木质化程度提高,空洞更明显。研究表明,萝卜糠心过程中SOD、POD、游离脯氨酸、纤维素、维生素C以及细胞形态均会发生显著变化。     

胡桃楸不同营养器官 POD 同工酶的动态变化

对胡桃楸树根、树皮（茎皮）、枝皮、树枝（当年生枝条）、树叶5个营养器官过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶进行生长期动态测定比较,结果显示：胡桃楸POD同X-．酶表达具有发育阶段性和器官特异性;胡桃楸不同器官共有酶带B1,该酶带可能是胡桃属的特征性酶带;胡桃楸pod同工酶分析宜采用根、茎皮、枝皮部。试验结果为胡桃楸进一步食药用开发利用、引种栽培提供生化水平参考。     

杂交水稻金优63幼苗期SOD和POD特性研究

对杂交水稻金优63幼苗不同时期的根、茎、叶进行SOD同工酶电泳分析,并测定SOD、POD活性。结果表明,自播种后第7天到第13天,幼苗的SOD同工酶在根、茎、叶中有明显的器官特异性,且SOD活性叶 >茎 >根。相同器官不同时期的SOD同工酶电泳谱带条数及SOD活性都有变化,且SOD活性强弱与SOD同工酶电泳谱带中有无Mn-SOD同工酶带有一定的关系。幼苗的POD活性在根、茎、叶中也有明显的器官特异性,茎中POD活性明显高于根和叶,且POD活性变化与SOD活性变化有一定的关系。     

萝卜贮藏期过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱研究

为了研究萝卜贮藏期过氧化物酶的活性变化和作用 ,利用愈创木酚法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法检测在贮藏期萝卜过氧化物酶的活性及同工酶谱 ,实验结果表明 :不同品种的萝卜在不同贮藏时期其过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱存在差异。贮藏时间越长过氧化物酶活性越高 ,同工酶谱酶带增多。萝卜色素含量越高 ,POD活性也越高 ,因此 ,在萝卜贮藏期有可能过氧化物酶在清除细胞内H2 O2 方面起主要作用     

二氢黄酮醇还原酶基因在红肉萝卜和白肉萝卜中的序列变异和表达差异

二氢黄酮醇还原酶是植物花青素合成的关键酶。本研究以中国特有红肉萝卜种质‘心里美’为试材,克隆和分析其二氢黄酮醇还原酶基因(DFR)。通过与大白菜DFR基因的完整CDS序列及白萝卜自交系‘36-2’全基因组序列(未公布)进行比对,获得单一的同源序列Rsa10008592。参照该序列设计5’和3’引物,以‘心里美’萝卜自交系‘HX12Q-49’的cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR和TA克隆获得ORF为1164 bp(Genbank登录号KF280272)、编码387 aa(Genbank登录号AGU42192)的RsDFR基因的完整CDS序列。通过对白萝卜‘36-2’的Rsa10008592和‘心里美’萝卜‘HX12Q-49’的RsDFR序列比较分析,发现二者之间存在19个核苷酸和3个氨基酸的差异。氨基酸序列进化树显示,‘心里美’萝卜的RsDFR与大白菜和芥菜的DFR同源性较高。荧光定量PCR发现RsDFR在白萝卜和‘心里美’萝卜不同发育阶段的表达模式不同,在白萝卜中仅在肉质根发育的早期表达,而在‘心里美’萝卜的全生育期均有表达,且在破肚期的表达量最高。同时,对‘心里美’萝卜RsDFR基因编码的蛋白质进行了初步分析。     

镉胁迫下红树植物木榄幼苗的生理生化特性

用含CdCl2的Hoagland营养液处理了沙培中的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)幼苗.2个月后对幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及其同工酶进行分析.结果表明,镉引起幼苗膜质过氧化,导致总叶绿素含量显著下降.镉主要影响迁移率大的阴离子型POD同工酶的活性.1 mmol·L-1镉显著抑制根中2条CAT同工酶RC-1和RC-2的活性.木榄根CAT和叶POD同工酶分析可作为红树林镉污染的监测手段之一.     

锰胁迫对商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)保护酶的影响

对室内栽培的商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)幼苗分别经4、12、36mmol/L的锰(Mn2 )溶液处理30d后,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分离了根和叶片过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶,并测定了其酶活性.结果表明:(1)经不同浓度的Mn2 溶液处理,根POD同工酶(RP1)消失,而12、36mmoL/L Mn2 溶液处理根新的POD同工酶(RP5,RP8)出现,根POD酶活性出现先降低后升高的变化趋势;叶片POD同工酶(LP)有3种,与对照的相同,但其酶活性随Mn2 浓度增加而随之升高.(2)12、36mmol/L Mn2 溶液处理,根新的SOD同工酶(RS5-RS7)出现,SOD酶活性上升;36mmol/L Mn2 溶液处理,叶片SOD同工酶(LS2-LS5)消失,叶片SOD酶活性下降.推断,商陆根和叶片同工酶的表达调控的机制不同.认为,商陆在Mn2 胁迫中,POD发挥更重要的作用.     

李树种质资源抗性生理指标的研究

在人工模拟逆境生态条件下,测定了李6个种17个品种（系）细胞质膜差别透性、POD同工酶活性及叶片中可溶性糖含量,结果表明,叶片可溶性糖含量与枝皮细胞质低温伤害程度之间呈极显著负相关,枝皮POD同工酶活性与叶片细胞质膜高温伤害程度之间存在显著负相关性,根据Fuzzy综合评判,对不同种类品种的综合抗逆性进行了评价。     

黑小麦与普通小麦过氧化物酶和蛋白质的比较研究

以小麦作对照．系统研究了2种黑小麦幼苗生长过程中过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化．同时利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对2种黑小麦的幼苗生长不同时期根、芽的过氧化物酶同工酶及其蛋白质进行了分离分析。结果显示：黑小麦POD酶活性高于小麦。黑小麦POD同工酶谱与小麦差异明显．且在幼苗生长不同时期变化显著。幼根与幼芽中可溶性蛋白的合成动态具有明显差异。     

RNAi抑制萝卜过氧化物酶基因的效果受光照影响

农杆菌介导的RNAi技术已广泛应用于研究植物基因的功能.本实验应用小块萝卜肉质根体外培养,探讨光照对干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达的影响.结果表明,干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达后,抑制组中过氧化物酶活性显著低于对照组,光照减弱RNAi的抑制作用;抑制作用始于浸染后4 h, 过氧化物酶活性减低时,花青素含量增加,但光照增加花青素含量;HPLC结果显示,与对照组比,抑制组中花青素苷种类和含量有较大差异;花青素合成相关基因（RsCHS、RsDFR和RsLDOX）的mRNA水平在处理后明显上调.此外,过氧化氢酶活性和H2O2含量相应升高.由此表明,光照可影响农杆菌介导的RNAi效果,干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达可以通过影响花青素合成相关基因的表达和过氧化氢含量,从而影响花青素代谢.     

冷藏条件下白沙枇杷与红沙枇杷果皮活性氧代谢研究

为探讨红沙枇杷与白沙枇杷冷藏耐储性差异的原因,为枇杷采后生理和保鲜技术研究提供参考,以白沙枇杷"白玉"和红沙枇杷"鸡蛋红"为材料,在6℃的冷藏条件下,测定了果皮中氧自由基产生速率(oxygenfree radical production rate, SPR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性,以及膜脂过氧化伤害产物(MDA)的含量等活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)代谢相关指标的变化规律。表明,随着冷藏的进程,冷藏的前10 d,红沙枇杷果皮SPR高于白沙枇杷,10 d后红沙枇杷果皮SPR有所下降而白沙枇杷果皮则大幅上升,导致10 d后红沙枇杷果皮SPR低于白沙枇杷;冷藏后红沙枇杷果皮ROS相关酶(SOD, POD和CAT)活性高于白沙枇杷果皮,即其ROS清除能力高于白沙枇杷果皮;在冷藏5 d后白沙枇杷果皮膜脂过氧化伤害产物MDA含量持续上升,而红沙枇杷果皮则维持在较低水平并低于白沙枇杷果皮,说明白沙枇杷果皮膜脂过氧化程度较高。分析认为冷藏初期红沙枇杷果皮较高的氧自由基产生速率激活了ROS清除系统,导致红沙枇杷果皮具有更高的ROS清除能力;冷藏后期白沙枇杷果皮则出现了氧自由基和MDA的积累,暗示其膜脂过氧化的发生和果实内外环境的恶化。红沙枇杷和白沙枇杷果皮ROS代谢的差异与冷藏耐储性相关。     

Localization and Dynamic Change of Saponin in Vegetative Organs of Polygala tenuifolia

Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic variance at the developmental stages and all reached the highest level in the post-fruit period. Hence, the roots and aerial parts should be gathered in August to make full use of the plant. As the root is the main medicinal organ of P. tenuifolia, the content of total saponin and senegenin of different aged and different parts of the root were determined. The content of total saponin and senegenin exhibited a sustained decreasing trend with increasing root age; therefore, theannual roots had high quality. The content of total saponin and senegenin in different parts of the root showed obvious variation. The content in the "skin areas" was much higher than that of xylem. The results offer a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate harvesting stage and a reasonable harvest of P. tenuifolia.     

盐胁迫对苹果器官中钙镁铁锌含量的影响

以盆栽2年生富士苹果树(砧木为平邑甜茶M.hupehensisReld)为试材,研究了盐胁迫对苹果矿质营养平衡的影响.结果表明,在盐胁迫下,苹果各器官不同时期的单位干样中Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量的平均值没有明显变化,但各元素与Na的比值明显下降,特别是在高盐(3‰NaCl)胁迫下下降更为明显,从而破坏了树体内元素平衡.在无盐和盐胁迫下,苹果各器官中Ca含量的顺序为主干韧皮部＞叶片、新梢＞根＞主干木质部;Mg含量为新梢、根＞主干木质部、主干韧皮部、叶片;Fe含量为根＞叶片＞主干韧皮部、新梢＞主干木质部;Zn含量为新梢＞叶片＞根、主干韧皮部＞主干木质部.与对照相比,器官中各元素含量在胁迫期间表现出不同程度的波动性.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of sucrose synthase in the radish hypocotyl in relation to thickening growth.

Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is a key enzyme in the development of storage root of radish. Clarification of its spatial and temporal expression during the thickening growth of radish hypocotyl, which later develops into storage root, was carried out immunologically using light microscopy. Sequential harvests at 3, 7, 11 and 13 d after sowing (DAS) were performed on two radish cultivars having different sink capacity. A very low level of SuSy was observed 3 DAS for both cultivars. White Cherrish (WC; strong storage root) showed the maximum level of SuSy between 7 and 11 DAS with increased cell development (thickening), while in Kosena (K; low storage root) the level remained high after 13 d of growth. A high level of SuSy was found in companion cells, which was consistent with previous observations, but SuSy was also found in the xylem parenchyma and in some cortical cells. The level of SuSy differed according to the localization and depended highly on cell development. Both cell division and cell enlargement were stimulated in WC compared with K. The role of SuSy during thickening growth of radish hypocotyl is discussed in terms of utilizing photosynthates.     

Parallel and antiparallel dimers of magainin 2: their interaction with phospholipid membrane and antibacterial activity.

Magainin 2 (M2) forms pores by associating with several other M2 molecules in lipid membranes and shows antibacterial activity. To examine the effect of M2 dimerization on biological activity and membrane interaction, parallel and antiparallel M2 dimers were prepared from two monomeric precursors. Antibacterial and haemolytic activities were enhanced by dimerization. CD measurements showed that both dimers and monomers have an alpha-helical structure in the presence of lipid vesicles. Tryptophan fluorescence shift and KI quenching studies showed that all the peptides were more deeply embedded in acidic liposomes than in neutral liposomes. Experiments on dye-leakage activity and membrane translocation of peptides suggest that dimers and monomers form pores through lipid membranes, although the pore formation may be accompanied by membrane disturbance. Although dimerization of M2 increased the interaction activity with lipid membranes, no appreciable difference between the activities of parallel and antiparallel M2 dimers was observed.     

Homology of Plant Peroxidases: AN IMMUNOCHEMICAL APPROACH

Antisera specific for the basic peroxidase from horseradish (Amoracea rusticana) were used to examine homology among horseradish peroxidase isoenzymes and among basic peroxidases from root plants. The antisera cross-reacted with all tested isoperoxidases when measured by both agar diffusion and quantitative precipitin reactions. Precipitin analyses provided quantitative measurements of homology among these plant peroxidases. The basic radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle) peroxidase had a high degree of homology (73 to 81%) with the basic peroxidase from horseradish. Turnip (Brassica rapa L. cv. Purple White Top Globe) and carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Danvers) basic peroxidases showed less cross-reaction (49 to 54% and 41 to 46%, respectively). However, the cross-reactions of antisera with basic peroxidases from different plants were greater than were those observed with acidic horseradish isoenzymes (30 to 35%). These experiments suggest that basic peroxidase isoenzymes are strongly conserved during evolution and may indicate that the basic peroxidases catalyze reactions involved in specialized cellular functions. Anticatalytic assays were poor indicators of homology. Even though homology among isoperoxidases was detected by other immunological methods, antibodies inhibited only the catalytic activity of the basic peroxidase from radish.     

锁阳和肉苁蓉寄生方式的区别

锁阳和肉苁蓉都是中医药里重要的补益类药材,但由于过度采挖和采挖方式不当,目前它们的野生资源已濒临枯竭。肉苁蓉和锁阳分别是我国濒危和易危珍稀植物,研究二者寄生方式的特点与区别不仅可以促进锁阳和肉苁蓉的人工栽培,从而使野生药材得到一定的保护,而且对了解寄生植物在荒漠地区等极端严酷环境中的适应机制具有重要的生态学意义。该研究采用形态学观察结合常规石蜡切片法,对锁阳和肉苁蓉分别在各自寄主植物上的寄生方式进行了研究。结果表明：(1)锁阳的营养繁殖体在寄主植物根部呈串状分布,与寄主植物的连接方式属于非末端寄生;锁阳的吸器侵入寄主根系韧皮部和木质部的一部分区域,但是韧皮部和木质部大部分区域未被锁阳吸器占据,即有部分营养物质被锁阳“截取”。(2)肉苁蓉在其肉质茎基部长出新的芽体,与寄主植物的连接方式属于末端寄生;肉苁蓉的吸器侵入寄主根韧皮部和木质部全部区域。因此,锁阳寄生后,被寄生的寄主根依然能够向前生长,具有正常的功能;肉苁蓉寄生后,寄生点的寄主根失去根系的正常功能,成为一个为肉苁蓉生长发育提供营养物质的“输送通道( Transport channel)”。