制定我国土壤环境标准（汞,镉,铅和砷）的探讨

本文依据国内外土壤环境质量标准的研究现状,在提出土壤环境标准制定依据和原则的基础上,对Hg、Cd、Pb和As的土壤环境质量标准进行了研究。研究表明,我国土壤环境质量功能分区可包括:(1)自然保护区或“清洁”无污染区;(2)农牧区;(3)森林区;(4)城市区、废物处置区和工矿区。其相应的土壤环境质量标准,汞为0.10、0.20、0.50和1.00mg/kg;镉为0.15、0.30、0.50和1.00mg/kg;铅为30、60、100和300mg/kg;砷为15、20、27和30(砂土区除外)mg/kg,并论证这些标准值在全国应用的可能性。为全国土壤质量的宏观管理与控制污染提供了科学依据。     

Cd、低Pb/Cd下冬小麦幼苗根系分泌物酚酸、 糖类及与根际土壤微生物活性的关系

采用土壤盆栽试验法研究了Cd、低于国家“土壤环境质量标准”规定的Ⅱ类土壤环境基准值300 mg/kg干土时的Pb与Cd复合处理对冬小麦幼苗根系分泌物总酚酸和简单糖类及其与根际土壤微生物活性关系的影响特征.结果表明:1)冬小麦幼苗生长3周时,随Cd浓度的升高,根系简单糖类的分泌量表现为降低-增加-降低现象,而酚酸分泌量主要表现为显著(P＜0.05)增加;幼苗生长7周时,简单糖类分泌量极显著(P＜0.01)降低,酚酸分泌量表现为降低-增加-降低现象;幼苗生长12周时,简单糖类分泌量在Cd≤50.00 mg/kg干土时降低,Cd浓度为70.00 mg/kg干土时极显著(P＜0.01)增加,酚酸分泌量在Cd≤20.00mg/kg干土时降低,Cd＞20.00 mg/kg干土时增加.2)低于国家“土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)”规定的Ⅱ类土壤环境基准值(300 mg/kg)时,Pb的存在会对Cd胁迫下冬小麦根系酚酸和简单糖类分泌特征有明显影响,主要表现为可使Cd处理下幼苗根系酚酸分泌量增加,而简单糖类分泌量降低.3)低Pb/Cd处理与Cd处理之间,冬小麦幼苗根系酚酸和简单糖类分泌量与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量、脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性、有机质和全氮含量、微生物量碳等根际土壤微生物生化活性之间的相关性特点明显不同.     

荒漠土壤微生物量碳、氮变化对降水的响应

以腾格里沙漠东南缘的典型荒漠植被为研究对象,通过遮雨棚和滴灌系统设置5个降水梯度,即极端干旱处理、中度干旱处理、对照、增水处理I和增水处理II,研究了荒漠土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和微生物碳氮比(MBC/MBN)对季节、降水和土壤深度的响应规律,以期为极端降水事件影响干旱荒漠区土壤微生物量碳、氮及其循环规律的深入研究提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)MBC、MBN和MBC/MBN对降水处理的响应存在差异,三者的变化范围为:230.14-272.87 mg/kg,13.82-17.58 mg/kg,19.78-36.06。其中,降水处理对MBC、MBN的影响显著,对MBC/MBN的影响不显著,在极端干旱处理下,MBC、MBN均显著高于其他降水处理;(2)两年间的MBC、MBN和MBC/MBN差异显著,2017年较2016年MBC、MNB显著减少,MBC/MBN显著增加;(3)MBC、MBN和MBC/MBN变化均表现季节性差异,变化范围分别为:153.31-337.09 mg/kg,7.89-22.29 mg/kg,14.82-46.04,其中MBC、MBN为春季最高、秋季最低,MBC/MBN为夏季最低、冬季最高;(4)MBC、MBN和MBC/MBN在土壤0-20 cm的变化范围为:232.57-265.15 mg/kg,14.00-17.93 mg/kg,24.37-32.07,其中土壤表层(0-5 cm)MBC、MBN显著高于中层土壤(5-10 cm)和下层土壤(10-20 cm),而不同土壤深度的MBC/MBN差异不显著。因此,在极端降水事件频发的全球气候背景下,极端干旱将影响荒漠生态系统MBC、MBN水平,进而对碳、氮平衡和循环过程产生影响,对这一问题的确切回答尚需长期系统监测研究。     

N、P、K肥对香根草修复土壤镉、锌污染效率的影响

通过盆栽试验研究在30 mg/kg镉(Cd)污染土壤条件下N[CO(NH2)2:100、200、300 mg/kg土]、P(P2O5:50、100、200 mg/kg土)和K(KCl:100、200、300 mg/kg土)处理对香根草修复土壤Cd和锌(Zn)污染效率的影响。结果表明:3种N处理能促进香根草地上部生长,而且显著提高地上部特别是叶的Cd和Zn含量,导致其修复效率成倍显著增加;200 mg/kg K处理显著提高Zn修复效率,但300 mg/kg K和50、200 mg/kg P处理却显著降低Cd、Zn修复效率。因此,为改善香根草对较贫瘠土壤中Cd、Zn污染的修复效率,应对香根草适施N肥,并控制或者不施P、K肥为佳。     

松嫩平原微地形下土壤水盐与植物群落分布的关系

以微域尺度不同盐渍化程度的盐渍土复区为研究区,利用典范对应分析方法(CCA)分析了不同水文年(丰水年、枯水年)土壤盐碱化指标、地表积水、不同土壤层含水率和相对高程与植物群落之间的关系。结果表明,在枯水年由于水分的减少和盐碱化的加重,稗草向虎尾草群落演替,虎尾草向碱蓬群落演替。而芦苇和碱茅群落相对稳定,只是由湿生向旱生转化,群落间演替较慢。在植物群落演替过程中,Na⁺(991 mg/kg)、CO₃^2-(396 mg/kg)、EC(680 μs/cm),pH值(10)是稗草、芦苇向虎尾草和碱茅群落演替的驱动值。Na⁺(1570 mg/kg)、CO₃^2-(576 mg/kg)、EC(879 μs/cm)是虎尾草、碱茅向碱蓬群落演替的驱动值。地表水的积水时间和积水深度是区分稗草和芦苇、虎尾草和碱茅生长分布的重要水文特征值。研究对苏打盐渍土区植被恢复和重建具有重要的意义。     

长期耕种对江苏沿海围垦区滨海盐土理化性质和小麦产量的影响

江苏沿海地区拥有丰富的滩涂资源滩涂围垦长期以来为国家提供了大量土地利用后备资源,而耕地又是其围垦后最主要的土地利用方式之一。利用实验室土壤理化分析调查江苏东台滩涂围垦区耕种60a内耕地土壤理化属性及对应小麦产量的变化。结果表明:(1)在58a的耕种过程中耕地土壤整体表现出脱盐、脱碱和养分积累的的趋势土壤电导率(EC_(1:5))、pH_(1:2.5)由耕种前的5.29dS/m和8.76下降至0.11dS/m和7.93,土壤有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)则由2.64g/kg和0.15g/kg上升至13.72g/kg和1.12g/kg;(2)土壤碱解氮(AH-N)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)受施肥和作物生长影响强烈,除AK持续流失外,AHN和AP均表现出先增长后减少的趋势;(3)土壤碳氮比(C/N)和阳离子交换量(CEC)在耕种15-53a经历了剧烈波动,反应出此期间该地区土壤的脆弱性,除AK外,各土壤理化指标均在耕种53a后开始影响20cm以下的深层土壤;(4)随着土壤环境的改善,小麦产量的上升经历了快速增产(0—15a)、波动中产(15—53a)和稳定高产(53a以上)3个阶段,在耕种53年后可达到该品种小麦(扬麦16)正常产量。虽然高强度的农业开发使土壤质量和小麦产量的都有了大幅提升,但耕种0—40年间所表现出的土壤环境的剧烈变化和波动,以及化肥投入与小麦产量之间不对应所可能导致的生态系统问题却应当引起重视,为日后的农业开发提供参考依据。     

重金属污染对红壤旱地小节肢类土壤动物群落结构的影响

土壤重金属污染对农田土壤节肢动物的影响是其环境风险评价和监测的重要方面。基于现有国家土壤环境质量二级标准(GB 15618—1995),设计2个浓度重金属Cd(0.3 mg/kg,0.6 mg/kg)、Pb(125 mg/kg,250 mg/kg)和As(30 mg/kg,60 mg/kg)污染的田间试验,分别研究Cd、Pb和As对红壤旱地小节肢类土壤动物群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明,试验土壤小节肢类动物共11类群,其中符跳属、棘跳属、蜱螨目为本地区红壤旱地的主要类群,占全部捕获小节肢类土壤动物总数的78%。重金属Pb、As高浓度污染分别显著降低了土壤弹尾目的个体密度73.5%、55.2%,而Cd高浓度污染对其无显著影响,仅降低15.9%;As和Cd高浓度污染分别显著降低了土壤蜱螨目的个体密度74.3%、36.4%,而Pb高浓度污染对其无显著影响。Pb、As和Cd污染对小节肢类土壤动物群落多样性指数均无明显影响。因此,与丰度相比,多样性指数对重金属污染反应的灵敏度较差。主成分分析表明,前气门亚目、符跳属和棘跳属的得分值较高,为小节肢类土壤动物群落中的主导因子,可作为未来该地区重金属污染环境影响监测的重要指标生物和重金属污染阈值研究的重要生态受体。     

露地栽培向设施栽培转变对菜田土壤重金属含量及形态的影响

为了研究露地栽培向设施大棚栽培转变对土壤重金属含量的影响,对武汉市郊区露地和设施塑料大棚两种栽培条件下菜田土壤重金属Cd、Cr和Pb各形态含量及分布特征进行了研究。结果显示,露地和大棚栽培条件下土壤重金属元素Cr和Pb各种形态含量之间没有明显差异,但Cd各种形态含量间有显著差异;从露地到大棚,土壤中Cd酸可提取态含量从露地的0.62 mg/kg上升到大棚的1.19 mg/kg,其次是Cd残渣态、有机结合态、氧化态和碳酸盐结合态;Cd总含量从露地的0.79 mg/kg升高到大棚的1.58 mg/kg,显著超过土壤环境质量标准中的Cd含量标准值(0.3 mg/kg),达到严重污染水平。Cd碳酸盐结合态和氧化态占总量的比例有所降低,而酸可提取态占总量的比例有所升高。说明从露地到设施大棚栽培,促使了土壤中部分Cd碳酸盐结合态和氧化结合态向酸可提取态转变,提高了土壤中Cd的生物有效性。因此,在设施大棚栽培快速发展的情况下,要加强重金属Cd对土壤污染的治理,减少重金属Cd对蔬菜的毒害。     

土壤砷污染对蔬菜砷含量及食用安全性的影响

对湖南郴州砷污染区的土壤和蔬菜砷含量进行了研究 ,结果表明该地区土壤含砷量为 19.5～ 2 37.2 mg/ kg、平均为 6 3.9mg/ kg、中值为 4 7.8mg/ kg,比全国平均土壤含砷量 (9.2 m g/ kg)高 2～ 2 5倍 ;蔬菜可食部分砷含量范围为 0 .0 4～ 2 .6 4 m g/ kg、平均为 0 .74 mg/ kg、中值为 0 .5 4 mg/ kg,5 4 %的蔬菜可食部分含砷量超过了《蔬菜卫生标准》规定的最大允许量 (MPC≥ 0 .5mg/ kg) ;菠菜 ,茼蒿和生菜可食部分超标比较严重 ,最大砷含量超出 MPC 5倍左右。     

湖南烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量及对烤烟品质的影响

分析了湖南烟区主要土壤类型交换性钙、镁元素含量状况及其对烟叶品质的影响,结果表明:(1)土壤交换性钙、镁含量在不同土壤类型间存在显著性差异,交换性钙含量平均为8.87cmol/kg,以红壤含量最高;交换性镁含量平均为1.16cmol/kg,以黄棕壤含量最高;交换性钙镁比值大小依次为:红壤(11.74)>水稻土(10.25)>黄壤(6.84)>黄棕壤(6.14),在烟叶实际生产中,应重视镁肥在红壤和水稻土中的施用;(2)烟叶钙含量偏高(21.93g/kg±4.37g/kg),烟叶镁含量偏低(2.52g/kg±1.26g/kg),两者均存在广泛的变异性;(3)整体来看,烟叶钙含量随土壤中交换性钙含量的升高和镁含量的降低而显著升高;烟叶镁含量随土壤交换性镁含量的升高而升高,与土壤交换性钙含量的相关性不显著;(4)典型相关分析表明,土壤中交换性镁含量的降低可能引起烟叶钾含量的提高,从而使得烟叶钾素和镁素含量达到较好的平衡;(5)土壤交换性钙、镁含量与烟叶其它化学成分指标的相关分析表明,土壤交换性钙有利于烟株对硼和氯素的吸收,对氮、锌和锰素的吸收则有显著的抑制作用;而土壤交换性镁有利于烟叶总糖、硼素和锰素的积累,对氮、磷、铁和锌素的吸收具有显著的抑制作用。     

Immunotoxicological investigation of subacute combined exposure with low doses of Pb, Hg and Cd in rats

Detectable interactions between NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) doses of Pb, Hg and Cd in general toxicological, hematological, and immune function parameters were investigated. The metals (Pb-acetate, 20 mg/kg; HgCl2, 0.40 mg/kg; CdCl2, 1.61 mg/kg) were combined. First, the rats received the combination Pb + Hg + Cd for 4 weeks per os. Significant difference vs. control was found only in the weight of lung and popliteal lymph node (PLN). The Pb + Hg and Pb + Cd combinations significantly decreased the PLN to 100 g body weight and PLN to brain weight ratio, and Pb+Hg also decreased the relative adrenal weight. After 12 weeks treatment with the same doses, effects on the thymus, kidney, and adrenal weights in the Pb + Hg, and thymus weight in the Pb + Cd, combination were seen. Pb + Cd also affected the white and red blood cell count and hematocrit. Combined with Hg or Cd, NOEL dose Pb showed toxicity, indicating that exposure limits may be inefficient in combined exposure situations.     

Pollution Assessment and Potential Sources of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils around Four Pb/Zn Mines of Shaoguan City,China

A total of 455 agricultural soil samples from four nonferrous mines/smelting sites in Shaoguan City, China, were investigated for concentrations of 10 heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The mean concentrations of the metals were 72.4, 5.16, 13.3, 54.8, 84.5, 1.52, 425, 28.2, 529, and 722 mg kg^?1, respectively. The values for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were more than 8 and 1.5 times higher than their background values in this region and the limit values of Grade II soil quality standard in China, respectively. Estimated ecological risks based on contamination factors and potential ecological risk factors were also high or very high for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Multivariate analysis (Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis) strongly implied three distinct groups; i.e., As/Cu/Hg/Zn, Co/Cr/Mn/Ni, and Cd/Pb. Local anomalies for As, Cu, Hg, and Zn by a probably anthropogenic source (identified as mining activity), Co, Cr, Mn, and Ni by natural contribution, and a mixed source for Cd and Pb, were identified. This is one of the few studies with a focus on potential sources of heavy metals in agricultural topsoil around mining/smelting sites, providing evidence for establishing priorities in the reduction of ecological risks posed by heavy metals in Southern China and elsewhere.     

Trace Metals (Cd,Co, Cr,Cu, Hg,Ni, Pb,and Zn) in Food Supplements of Marine Origin

We determined the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in dietary supplements of marine origin. Four supplement categories were studied; algae, coral, krill, and shark cartilage. A direct mercury analyzer was used for Hg determinations while acid digestions and ICP-AES were used for Cr analysis and ICP-MS for the other trace metals. Algae are the supplements showing the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Ni with respective means of 1.6 mg Pb/kg dry weight (d.w.), 3.2 Cr mg/kg d.w., and 8.0 mg Ni/kg d.w. Krill supplements have the highest levels of Cd, Cu, and Zn with 0.65 mg Cd/kg d.w., 63 mg Cu/kg d.w., and 50 mg Zn/kg d.w., respectively. Shark cartilage supplements show the highest levels of Hg and Co with mean concentrations of 160 μg Hg/kg d.w. and 73 ± 51 μg Co/kg d.w., respectively. No samples in our study exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intakes set by Health Canada, the joint committee of the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, Ni and Pb in algae and Hg in shark cartilage may end up contributing to a very significant portion of the allowable daily intake—leaving little room for normal intake through food consumption and other exposure pathways.     

Seasonal Variation of Metals in Seawater, Sediment, and Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from China

Concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) were determined for the first time in seawater, sediment, and Manila clam from Deer Island, Liaoning Province, China. The seawater, sediment, and clam samples were collected seasonally at three clam farming sites around Deer Island during 2010–2011. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the seawater samples were 4.16, 0.72, 5.88, 0.45, 2.51, 0.03, and 1.02 μg/l, respectively. The seasonal variations of trace metals in seawater showed a significant difference in the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, and As among seasons. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the sediment samples were 6.43, 13.80, 53.08, 1.10, 36.40, 0.05, and 4.78 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in sediment seasonally varied significantly except for Cd and Hg. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam samples were 11.28, 0.61, 92.50, 0.58, 3.98, 0.03, and 1.98 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and As in Manila clam showed marked seasonal fluctuations with significant difference. Cu and Zn were the metals with the highest mean biosediment accumulation factor values in Manila clam. Besides, significant correlations for the concentrations of Cu and Zn relative to their concentrations in sediment were also found. Such differences in regression analyzes may be explained by differential bioaccumulation of essential and xenobiotic metals. Concentrations of trace metals in Manila clam did not exceed the maximum established regulatory concentrations for human consumption. Moreover, the calculations revealed that the estimated daily intake values for the examined clam samples were below the internationally accepted dietary guidelines and the calculated hazard quotient values were well less than 1, thus strongly indicating that health risk associated with the intake studied metals through the consumption of Manila clam from Deer Island was absent.     

Spatial Patterns and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils in a Resource-Exhausted City,Northeast China

Northeast China is an intensive area of resource-exhausted city, which is facing the challenges of industry conversion and sustainable development. In order to evaluate the soil environmental quality influenced by mining activities over decades, the concentration and spatial distribution of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) in surface soils (0-20cm) of a typical resource-exhausted city were investigated by analyzing 306 soil samples. The results showed that the average concentrations in the samples were 6.17 mg/kg for As, 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 51.08 mg/kg for Cr, 23.27 mg/kg for Cu, 31.15 mg/kg for Ni, 22.17 mg/kg for Pb, and 54.21 mg/kg for Zn. Metals distribution maps produced by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method and results revealed that all investigated metals showed distinct geographical patterns, and the concentrations were higher in urban and industrial areas than in farmland. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations (p<0.05) between all of the metals, and As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were closely associated with the first principal component (PC1), which explained 39.81% of the total variance. Cu and As were mainly associated with the second component (PC2). Based on the calculated Nemerow pollution index, percentage for slightly polluted (1<P ≤ 2) surface soils were reached 57.33%, while 42.65% topsoil samples are moderate polluted (2<P≤ 3). According to the results above-mentioned, different soil environmental function areas were classified and proper soil environmental management policy was proposed to decrease the environmental risks in the process of industrial city transformation.     

Evaluation of Dog Bones in the Indirect Assessment of Environmental Contamination with Trace Elements

The aim of this paper was to determine the level of five elements, two essential for life [zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu)] and three distinctly toxic [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)], in four types of biological material in bones of the dog Canis lupus familiaris. The experiment was carried out on bones from the hip joints of dogs. The samples of cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone, and cartilage with adjacent compact bone came from 26 domestic dogs from northwestern Poland. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were determined by ICP-AES (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in inductively coupled argon plasma, using a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 DV. Determination of Hg concentration was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the examined bone material from the dog, the greatest concentrations (median) were observed for Zn and the lowest for Hg (98 mg Zn/kg and 0.0015 mg Hg/kg dw, respectively). In cartilage and spongy bone, metal concentrations could be arranged in the following descending order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. In compact bone, the order was slightly different: Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg (from median 70 mg/kg dw to 0.002 mg/kg dw). The comparisons of metal concentrations between the examined bone materials showed distinct differences only in relation to Hg: between concentrations in spongy bone, compact bone, and in cartilage, being greater in cartilage than in compact bone, and lower again in spongy bone.     

Human Exposure to Arsenic,Cadmium, Mercury,and Lead from Foods in Catalonia,Spain: Temporal Trend

The main purpose of this study was to establish the temporal trend in the daily dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the population of Catalonia, Spain. Concentrations of these elements were determined in samples of a number of food items widely consumed in that country. The dietary intake of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb was then estimated for various age–gender groups of population: children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. In the present study, the dietary intakes of As, inorganic As, Cd, Hg, methylmercury, and Pb were 328.37, 16.22, 19.47, 11.39, 10.25, and 101.47 μg/day, respectively, while in a previous (2006) survey, the dietary intakes of As, inorganic As, Cd, Hg, methylmercury, and Pb were 261.01, 33.17, 9.80, 12.61, 11.35, and 45.13 μg/day, respectively. The estimated intakes of Cd, Hg, and Pb are still notably lower than the respective PTWIs, while that of inorganic As is also lower than its BMDL₀₁. In summary, the results of this study indicate that, currently, the dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb should not mean additional health risks for the consumers.     

山东省部分水岸带土壤重金属含量及污染评价

为了解山东省水岸带土壤重金属的含量特征和污染状况,于2010年9月—10月采集了39个水岸带土壤样品,分析了土壤中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的含量以及土壤的pH值、粒度和有机质,采用单因子指数法、综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对水岸带土壤重金属污染进行了评价,并利用相关分析和聚类分析对其来源进行了初步的解析。结果表明：水岸带土壤的pH值为5.67—8.66,主要呈碱性;有机质的平均含量为9.39 g/kg,土壤粒度主要以砂粒和粉粒为主,其平均体积百分比分别为50.33%和38.48%,平均粒径为89.69 μm;Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Hg的平均含量为53.03 mg/kg、10.33 mg/kg、24.96 mg/kg、18.38 mg/kg、56.13 mg/kg、0.142 mg/kg、22.48 mg/kg和0.020 mg/kg。各水岸带土壤重金属的含量均符合《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618-1995）二级标准。以山东省土壤元素背景值为评价标准,水岸带土壤重金属总体表现为轻度污染和轻微生态风险,其中Cd和Hg是主要的污染因子,其对潜在生态危害指数的平均贡献率分别为46.8% 和33.6%。洙赵新河、廖河、门楼水库和东平湖水岸带土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害明显高于其他水源地。源解析的结果表明：水岸带土壤重金属的含量受自然源和人为源的双重影响,人为源主要包括地表径流、工业废气、垃圾和交通运输等。