冀南地区汉族人群皮纹分析

本文研究了冀南地区健康汉族医学生1020例(男性510人, 女性510人)的皮纹, 探讨了冀南地区正常汉族群体皮纹特点。结果发现: 冀南地区群体指纹频率顺序: 尺箕纹>斗形纹>弓形纹>桡箕纹; 十指指纹类型分布有显著差异; 两性斗形纹分布有显著差异; 两手弓形纹分布有差异但不显著; 指纹纹型分布有极高对称性; 同名指指纹组合频率排序为L/L>W/W>L/W>A/L>A/A>A/W; 五指的FRC有显著差别、两性的TFRC有差异, 但不显著; 两性T/I、III、IV的真实花样出现率有差异。因此, 本文认为指纹分布具有同型组合极高亲和性、异型组合不相容性; 皮纹发育形成主要受遗传因素控制, 也受性别影响; 冀南地区人群可能与山东省、辽宁省同属中国汉族北方群同一亚群。     

西藏藏族起源初探——来自掌指纹的线索

本文采用分层整群抽样的调查方法捺印1183名藏族青少年的掌指纹, 分析掌指纹参数,然后与其他56个群体的掌指纹参数进行聚类分析, 进而从肤纹学角度探讨藏族的起源。发现藏族指纹以斗型纹为主(52.89%), 其次为箕型纹(42.95%), 弓形纹出现频率最低(4.16%); 总指嵴线计数为139.01(其中男性为144.75, 女性为133.87); atd角在男性为42.95°, 女性为43.28°。掌指纹参数聚类分析显示: 藏族与汉族和氐羌氏族的后裔(门巴族、普米族、羌族等)等我国北方人群聚在一起。因而从肤纹学角度推断藏族与汉族和氐羌氏族的亲缘关系较近, 而与印度人和孟加拉人的亲缘关系较远。     

优秀体操运动员的指纹研究

本文通过对200名汉族体操运动员在指纹类型、纹型组合和总指嵴数等3大指标的观察、统计、对比、分析后发现, 优秀体操运动员和一般体操运动员间存在着一定的群体差异, 如优秀组左右手中指、右手食指和无名指上Wd; 大拇指Lu/Ws、中指Wd/Wd、小指的Ws/ws组合; 单手五指纹型中, 左手03011、右手01022组合; 十指纹型中, 07003和05032组合均明显多, 左右手指嵴数量对称性较好等特点, 为运动员选材又提供了一个方面的参考。     

指纹遗传的双生子研究——Ⅱ.指纹纹型的研究

采用双生子法对26对MZ及24对DZ的指纹纹型进行研究,发现在各类指纹纹型中,斗形最多,桡箕最少。男女间纹型频率差异不大。纹型的左右手对称性为77.20％。作者提出了指纹系数的计算公式,即[(斗形纹数)+(斗形纹数+箕形纹数)]×100％。认为以此来反映10指纹型的构成和复杂程度,以及分析指纹较为合适。 纹型和三辐线在MZ与DZ对间一致率的比较,以及指纹系数、花样强度和生物学指纹价在MZ与DZ对间的相关系数的比较,发现MZ对间的一致率及相关系数明显高于DZ对间的一致率及相关系数,其遗传度为56—92％。本文发现指纹系数在MZ对间并非完全一致,即MZ对间纹型不一致,且指纹系数呈一连续常态分布。纹型的分析表明,指纹纹型以多基因遗传的可能性较大,但不能排除异质性遗传的可能。     

汉族有耳垂人群的指纹研究

汉族人群有耳垂者与无耳垂者之间,其指纹分布是否存在着规律性变化,对在校汉族大学生进行了调查,采用面对面调查方式获取被检者耳垂资料,记录在调查表中,用油墨拓印法获取被检者指纹图样,并置于放大镜下确认,耳垂组与对照组指纹中的弓形纹、箕形纹、和斗型纹三种基本纹理图形,经X2检验均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).控制耳垂的显性基因与决定指纹形成的多基因是如何相互作用的?有待进行更深入的研究     

汉族人群的前额发际与指纹研究

汉族人群前额发际中,三角尖型与平齐型之间,其指纹分布是否存在着规律性变化。对在校汉族大学生进行了调查,采用面对面调查方式获取被检者前额发际资料,记录在调查表中,用油墨拓印法获取被检者指纹图样,并置于放大镜下确认,三角尖组与平齐组指纹中的弓形纹、箕形纹和斗型纹3种基本纹理图形,经χ2检验均有显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。控制前额发际的基因与决定指纹形成的基因之间是如何相互作用的,有待进行更深入的研究与探索。     

手指不完全性屈曲畸形的遗传

笔者在临床工作中发现一家系手指呈不完全性屈曲畸形遗传,对于本病的遗传表现和规律未见有过报道,特将我们所作家系调查及对其遗传方式的讨论报道如下。 家系调查和病例示范 调查是从一个朱姓男孩(图1,Ⅳ-1)开始的,他因患金黄色葡萄球菌败血症住入我院。体格检查中发现患者左手中指及无名指、右手食指及无名指,不能完全屈曲,追问病史,谓出生     

鄂温克族与鄂伦春族的群体遗传学研究(续)

本次调查采印了645名鄂温克族和424名鄂伦春族中、小学生和部分牧民、猎民的指纹和掌纹。观察了各型指纹出现率、指纹总嵴数、atd角和掌褶纹等指标。 1.各型指纹出现率 弓(A)、尺侧箕(L~u)、桡侧箕(L~r)和斗(W)的出现频率见表11。额左旗和陈旗鄂温克人中斗多于箕,与汉族相似。有些指纹型在某个手指上较为多见,在汉族中斗在环指     

210例糖尿病患者的皮纹学研究

本文报告了210例糖尿病患者皮纹的11个参数,与对照组相比,各型男患者的足底(足母)趾球区纹型中,三角斗形纹均显著增多;NIDDM型男女患者atd角显著变小;NIDDM型女患者通贯手出现率显著增高;NIDDM型女患者主线C走向I_3的百分率显著增高;各型女患者的指纹中斗形纹出现率显著增高,而尺箕著减少。     

浙江地区汉族三百例手纹的分析研究

本文报道汉族正常的手纹图型。指纹的斗型、尺箕、桡箕及弓型的频率分别为51.67％、43.4％、2.83％及2.1％。t％及atd角的均值分别为17.7％及40.28°。手掌有二个掌轴三叉的占3％。ab纹嵴数均值39.03,男比女高(p<0.01)。ab间的距离为2.21cm。无a、b三叉缺失,c、d三叉缺失者10.3％。指间三叉占6.33％。A线止于鱼际的占9.33％,证明了右手掌纹比左手横向水平。鱼际区(T/I_1)及小鱼际区的真实花纹出现率分别为11.3％及20.5％。双手I_2、I_3、I_4区的花纹各为1％、4.67％及57％。正常型掌褶占88.2％。     

Role of education in reducing child labour: evidence from rural Bangladesh

This paper explores the hypothesis that the level of education of children and their parents plays a major role in reducing child labour. Data were generated from a sample survey of 3809 children aged 10-14 years living in 150 villages in two rural districts of Bangladesh. A significant inverse relationship was found between child labour and years of schooling. Age and education of children, parental education, land ownership of household and fathers' occupation were the determinants of child labour force participation. Child's years of schooling is the variable that has most influence on the probability of participation in the labour force, followed by father's and mother's education.     

29份云南甘蔗创新种质的SSR遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建

该研究以16份甘蔗骨干亲本为参照,对29份云南甘蔗创新种质进行SSR指纹图谱构建和遗传多样性分析,以明确创新种质与16份亲本间的遗传基础和多样性水平。结果表明:6对引物共扩增出104条带,其中101条为多态性条带,多态性条带比例为97.25%;45份材料的遗传相似性系数为0.235 3~0.891 3,平均值为0.563 3;其中16份甘蔗骨干亲本的遗传相似性系数为0.301 6~0.755 6,甘蔗创新种质与甘蔗骨干亲本的特异条带比例为14∶1,涵盖了割手密、大茎野生种、斑茅和滇蔗茅等基因源。根据骨干亲本间的相似性系数范围,在相似性系数为0.43处,可将种质分为6大类群,亲缘关系相对较远,适宜作为种质间的杂交利用。通过引物区分效率分析,6对引物扩增的多态信息量为0.967 9~0.975 8,其中MSSCIR21引物区分效率最高,利用MSSCIR21和SMC1047HA引物组合构建了云南甘蔗创新种质标准指纹图谱,在相似性系数为0.85处即可区分所有种质,图谱的鉴别准确率为100%,每份资源都有唯一的指纹图谱,可将29份创新种质和16份骨干亲本区分鉴别出来。该研究能够为后续杂交利用、种质鉴定和知识产权保护提供依据。     

A study of fluctuating dermatoglyphic asymmetry in the sibs and parents of cleft lip propositi.

Fluctuating asymmetry was studied in cleft lip propositi and their normal sibs and parents. The traits examined were a-b ridge counts and fingerprint patterns. Propositi with a family history of this congenital malformation and their normal sibs and parents were significantly different from the controls for this type of asymmetry. Propositi without a family history and their normal sibs and parents were similar to the controls. These results support the hypothesis that familial and sporadic cases of congenital cleft lip are different entities and give evidence for a genetic mechanism in the parents and sibs of the familial cases that may account for this congenital disorder and, concomitantly, increased fluctuating asymmetry.     

医学院校新生适应性问题的研究

目的:在教育理论的指导下,通过问卷调查的形式对一年级学生的生活、学习、心理健康状况等方面的适应性问题进行调研。方法:采用随机抽样的原则,以抽到的班级所有符合条件的大学新生作为调查对象。采用自制的一般人口学特征问卷、高考志愿填报情况调查表、教学软硬件建设满意度调查表、目前学习状况及未来就业去向调查表、症状自评量表对46名大学新生进行调查。结果:调查班级学生中,多数学生来自农村家庭;与"70版、80后"相比,"90后"学生在职业选择方面具有更多的自主选择权;对学校在软硬条件方面亦提出更高的要求;受限于近期个人目标,缺乏长远人生目标,可持续发展能力差。心理问题阳性检出率为24%,排名在前4位的心理健康问题依次是:强迫、抑郁、焦虑、躯体化,男女生表现个有不同。结论:传统教育思维仍试图在极短时间里完成适应性教育工作,致使抽象理论与学生现实需求相脱节。陌生的环境、迥然不同的学习方式、全方位转变的人际关系使得新生心理问题出现叠加性、多重性的特点。相关部门应改变适应教育模式,建立新生适应教育活动的长期反馈机制和评估体系,才能更好的服务于新生教育工作。     

家庭因素对女儿初潮年龄的影响

作者于1987年4月,用回亿法在医学院及护校作了七百余例女生的初潮年龄的调查并作了统计分析。结果表明,父母的职业及学历对女儿初潮年龄有极显著的影响。按职业分,农民和家庭妇女组的初潮年龄最高;按学历分,文盲组的初潮年龄最高,且初潮年龄随父母文化程度增高而递减,没有看出父母出生地对女儿初潮年龄的影响。另外,可以看到初潮年龄提前的趋势。     

Body height in relation to rural-urban migration in Poland

A survey was conducted among 2800 students studying in Wroc?aw, Poland. The questionnaire included questions on the body height of the students and their parents, and place of residence and migration patterns of the students themselves, their parents and their grandparents. Body height in both students and their parents was positively correlated with the size of their place of residence. This was particularly true for male students and their fathers. Body height in students and parents from mobile families was not significantly different from that of their peers from non-mobile families. Body height in mobile individuals was generally between that of non-mobile individuals from rural areas and that of non-mobile individuals from large urban centres. Students from families that had migrated from smaller urban centres to larger ones were taller than students from families that had migrated from rural areas to urban centres. Body height in students was also correlated with the kind of migration that took place. In the students' mothers, body height was higher if the maternal grandparents moved from smaller urban centres to larger urban centres than if the maternal grandparents moved from rural areas to urban centres. In female students, body height depended on whether their mothers had migrated from smaller places of residence to larger places of residence, but was not affected by the degree of migration. Intra-generational migration during the generation of the students' grandparents was associated with increased body height in the students' mothers. On the other hand, intergenerational migration during the generations of the students' grandparents and parents was associated with increased body height in the students' fathers and in female students. Body height was not a reliable indicator of whether an individual migrated from rural areas to Wroc?aw. Far more reliable indicators were the size of the place the student lived their whole life and whether the family had lived in an urban environment for at least two generations.     

Childhood conditions and adult height

Self-reported height and childhood conditions among 1711 Danish male general workers born between 1923 and 1940 were analysed. No significant associations were found between adult height and father's occupation, growing up with both parents, paternal unemployment, sickness among the parents, parents receiving disability pension, economical problems in childhood, area of residence in childhood, and years at school. The study therefore provides no support for the hypothesis that poor childhood conditions are the cause of low adult height in this socially very homogeneous sample.     

Physiognomic homogamy: a study of parents and children

The concept of physiognomic homogamy between parents and children was tested using 39 photo sets consisting of two sets of parents and one child. These photo sets included black and white slides, black and white photographs, and color slides. Matchings of the parents and child were attempted by 171 introductory sociology students. The results indicate that while the matches were far from universal, the students were able to match the children with their parents frequently enough to be statistically significant at the 0.001 level. There were no differences among the various forms of presentation.     

我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)的SSR分析

铁观音、黄棪和福鼎大白茶分别是我国乌龙茶和红绿茶育种中的骨干亲本,由他们衍生出了一系列的优良品种,研究他们的遗传多样性及构建指纹图谱将有助于今后茶树育种工作中骨干亲本的合理利用和品种权的保护。本研究利用40对SSR引物对我国乌龙茶骨干亲本铁观音、黄棪及其衍生品种(系)和红绿茶骨干亲本福鼎大白茶及衍生品种进行了研究。结果表明,34份供试品种(系)的基因多样性指数（H）为0.54,平均遗传距离0.58,表明我国茶树主要骨干亲本及其衍生品种(系)具有较高的遗传多样性水平和较大的遗传变异,且90%的遗传多样性来自品种之间的遗传差异。聚类结果表明两套品种(系)各自聚为一类,遗传结构分析也显示两套品种(系)之间存在明显的差异。利用其中5对引物组合构建了供试材料的数码指纹图谱。     

用DNA指纹图谱方法进行野生小家鼠的双亲判别

本文以在英格兰捕获的野生小家鼠为研究材料,尝试用ＤＮＡ指纹图谱方法判别动物后代的双亲。从冷冻鼠脑组织中提取的ＤＮＡ,经限制性酶Ｈｉｎｆ一Ｉ的酶切、凝胶电泳、尼龙膜吸附、与Ｐ￣３２标记的人或鼠ＲＮＡ探针杂交、放射自显影,最后得到ＤＮＡ指纹图谱。图谱分析表明：野生小家鼠间的亲缘关系很近,个体间的相似性系数较高,不易判别后代的双亲,建议采用简便而又准确的条带比较法,取代相似性系数法。鼠探针与鼠ＤＮＡ杂交所得到的图谱与人探针３３．６的相比,个体的特异性更强。