淮南地区农村已婚育龄妇女生殖健康现状及KAP调查

目的:了解本地区农村已婚育龄妇女生殖健康现状,知识、态度和行为,以及需求,为有效开展生殖健康教育提供科学依据.方法:用整群抽样调查的方法对淮南地区农村妇女进行妇科病普查和生殖健康知识态度行为的问卷调查.结果:被调查者妇科病患病率为33.10%,居于前3位的是:宫颈炎13.54%、细菌性阴道炎6.77%和念珠菌阴道炎4.69%;被调查者生理卫生及保健知识、避孕、性病和爱滋病等知识较为欠缺;她们对生殖健康的知识主要来自于父母、爱人和朋友,录像和书籍等;多数妇女期望定期进行妇科病查治、参加生殖健康知识讲座、获得医务人员的咨询指导.结论:本地区妇女生殖健康现状不客乐观,需要进一步加强生殖健康服务力度,加强计划生育宣传、咨询和指导力度,多途径开展性传播疾病知识宣教工作等.     

健康教育在妇女保健中的应用价值研究

目的:研究探讨健康教育在妇女保健中的应用价值,为妇女保健工作的开展提供参考建议。方法:选择2014年来我院咨询、体检、就诊的120例妇女作为研究对象,对其开展为期30d的一系列综合性健康教育,比较健康教育前后妇科疾病保健知识掌握情况及常见妇科疾病患病率,评估健康教育的实施效果。结果:经过健康教育后,妇科疾病保健知识掌握情况明显提高,常见妇科疾病患病率明显降低,健康教育前后的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加强健康教育,有利于提高妇女对保健知识的认识,降低常见妇科疾病的患病率,保证妇女身心健康,提高生活质量,推动妇女保健工作的开展,提高人们的总体健康水平,具有重要的应用价值。     

新疆维吾尔族下生殖道感染妇女就医行为研究

目的:了解新疆维吾尔族下生殖道感染妇女的就医状况,分析影响其就医行为的影响因素.方法:2007年1月对新疆伽师县夏普桃勒乡维吾尔族已婚妇女进行普查,包括问卷调查和妇科检查.结果:调查妇女下生殖道感染患病率为81.4%,21.8%的患病妇女自诉无妇科症状,在自感有症状的怠病妇女中就诊率为33.7%,就诊后治疗的比例为90.5%.经多因素Logistic回归模型分析发现,在妇女年纪轻、家庭经济状况好、自感健康状况较差、生殖道感染症状较多的情况下就诊的可能性更大.结论:维吾尔族农村妇女下生殖道感染发生率很高,但就诊率较低,并受多种因素影响,很有必要开展针对性的健康教育和妇科普查,提高下生殖道感染妇女卫生服务利用状况,达到预防下生殖道感染的目的.     

营养保健知识宣教对妇女产褥期知识、行为干预效果研究

目的:评价营养保健知识宣教对妇女产褥期营养保健知识认知、饮食行为的效果。方法:选择青岛市孕晚期妇女作为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组,对干预组对象进行营养保健知识宣教。结果:干预组对象大部分营养保健知识的知晓率显著高于对照组,干预组对象从医务人员、书刊杂志获得营养保健知识的发生率(83.1%、72.3%)显著高于对照组对象(65.2%、56.0%);干预组对象薯类、鱼类、豆制品、绿叶蔬菜、坚果,膳食纤维、烟酸、钙、维生素C的每日摄入量显著高于对照组,蛋类,胆固醇的摄入量显著低于对照组。结论:针对性强的营养保健知识教育能明显提高产褥期妇女知识水平,促进健康的饮食行为,因此应推广有针对性的营养保健知识宣教。     

439例围绝经妇女阴道炎状况调查及相关因素研究

目的了解本地区围绝经妇女的阴道炎状况并探讨其相关影响因素。方法选择2016年7月至2017年6月来我院进行妇科体检的439例患者进行回顾性研究,对其阴道分泌物检查的结果以及个人信息进行分析。结果 439例患者中患阴道炎的有99例(22.6%),不同文化程度患者阴道炎的感染率不同,小学及以下文化程度组最高,为26.0%,组与组之间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.49);对比阴道炎患者的分泌物结果,其中支原体衣原体29例(29.3%),滴虫13例(13.1%),阴道加德纳菌22例(22.2%),假丝酵母菌35例(35.4%)。结论本地区围绝经妇女患阴道炎的比例与文化程度有一定的关系。其中假丝酵母菌最常见,支原体衣原体(包括解脲支原体、人型支原体和沙眼支原体)次之,且阴道炎极易反复感染,医院在检查过程中要重视细菌培养,患者要定期复查。     

30例妊娠妇女阴道微生态改变

目的 探讨妊娠妇女的阴道微生态变化.方法 采用检测妊娠妇女雌、孕激素水平、阴道理化指标及部分阴道常见菌群来分析阴道微生态的改变.结果 (1)孕妇组阴道白细胞数较高,与育龄健康组妇女相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);唾液酸酶在两组间相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);育龄妇女组阴道内的乳酸杆菌含量最高,与孕妇组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);大肠埃希菌含量在育龄妇女组最少,与孕妇组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组加德纳菌相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 育龄妇女与妊娠妇女的阴道微生态环境不同,与其体内的雌、孕激素水平有关.     

4816例妇科门诊妇女阴道微生态状况的分析

目的研究当前厦门地区妇科门诊妇女阴道微生态的状况。方法对2010年8月至12月于厦门市妇幼保健院妇科门诊就诊的4 816例患者阴道分泌物进行检查,检查指标包括清洁度、念珠菌、滴虫、唾液酸苷酶、白细胞酯酶、过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度。结果研究对象中患阴道炎比例高(54.92%),阴道微生态失调率更高(60.86%);正常体检的妇女部分患有阴道炎或存在阴道微生态失调。结论当前厦门地区妇科门诊患者的阴道微生态状况形势是严峻的;阴道微生态6项快测指标简便、快速、实用,值得推广。     

广州某药业股份有限公司423名女工妇科体检结果分析

目的:了解某药业股份有限公司女工常见妇科病的发病情况.方法:对423名已婚女工进行妇科检查、白带常规、宫颈细胞学检查、盆腔B超、乳腺B超等项目的检查.结果:参检妇女的妇女病总患病率达到86.52%,查出15种常见妇科疾病.其中前4位是:乳腺增生(62.17%)、阴道炎(44.68%)、宫颈糜烂(40.66%)和子宫肌瘤(11.82%),另检出乳腺癌1例,畸胎瘤1例,宫颈非典型磷状细胞1例.结论:妇科病的发病率高,常见妇科病种类多,定期妇科普查可早期发现各种生殖系统疾病并得到早期治疗.     

惠州地区育龄妇女阴道微生态失衡因素调查

目的探讨阴道炎患者的阴道微生态状况,为进一步施行干预措施提供依据。方法选择2017年3月至2018年6月我院5 559名临床诊断为阴道炎的妇女及3001名健康体检妇女为研究对象,采用病例对照研究,采集研究对象下阴道1/3处的白带样本进行阴道微生态检测,判定研究对象的阴道微生态状况。结果阴道炎患者的阴道微生态失衡状况较健康体检组妇女更严重。本地妇女发生阴道炎的因素为阴道清洁度Ⅲ～Ⅳ度(OR=1.64,P0.001)、阴道出现炎症白细胞(OR=1.14,P=0.003)、阴道检出酵母菌菌丝/孢子(OR=2.02,P0.001)及阴道菌群乳杆菌比例较低(OR=2.13,P0.001)。结论本地区育龄妇女阴道微生态存在失衡状况,下一步需提出合理干预措施,降低阴道微生态失衡的发生。     

云南沧源县佤族妇女阴道微生态环境与年龄关系的分析

目的分析云南沧源县8个乡镇不同年龄佤族妇女阴道微生态环境的变化规律。方法用革兰染色法、生化五联法检测以及阴道pH试纸联合对763例佤族妇女的阴道分泌物状态检测。结果 763例受检妇女阴道分泌物中微生态异常比率为50.72%,微生态异常集中在31~50岁妇女中,在31~40岁中最高,假丝酵母菌阴道炎、滴虫性阴道病集中在31~50岁妇女中,而细菌性阴道炎集中在40岁以下妇女,需氧菌性阴道炎高发于31~40岁组中,差异有统计学意义。结论沧源县8个乡镇佤族妇女的阴道微生态失调基本与年龄分布一致,呈正态分布,育龄妇女(尤其是31~40岁)为阴道炎好发年龄组。     

西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况调查及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：调查西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况,并分析其影响因素。方法：选取2019年3月~2020年7月期间于我院进行健康体检的育龄期女性1500例作为研究对象,采用我院自制的调查问卷对研究对象个人信息、宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况进行调查。分析西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况的影响因素。结果：共发放调查问卷1500份,收回合格问卷1491份,合格率为99.40%（1491/1500）。西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识总体知晓率为34.14%（509/1491）。将知晓5项及其以上宫颈癌防治知识的受试者509例纳为知晓组,知晓5项以下的982例作为知晓不足组。单因素分析结果显示：两组在文化程度、年龄、宫颈癌家族病史、家庭月收入、居住地、职业、既往生殖病史、接受过宫颈癌知识宣教、5年内体检史方面对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现：家庭月收入<5000元、文化程度为初中及以下、接受过宫颈癌知识宣教、既往生殖病史、5年内体检史均是西安市雁塔区育龄女性宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：西安市雁塔区育龄女性具有较低的宫颈癌防治知识总体知晓率,且既往生殖病史、家庭人均月收入、文化程度等均为其宫颈癌防治知识知晓情况影响因素,当地相关部门可结合相关影响因素开展针对性的健康教育,以提高当地育龄女性对宫颈癌防治知识的认知。     

Genital human papillomavirus infection in women from the Zagreb region

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection, especially among young, sexually active individuals. As persistent infection with oncogenic types may lead to cervical cancer, HPV testing is a useful tool to screen for women at risk for subsequent development of cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection in different age groups of cytologically selected women from the Zagreb region, and to evaluate the frequency and results of repeat hrHPV testing. During a one-year study period (November 2005 to November 2006), a total of 3,440 cervical samples from women attending gynecological services of public and private health care systems were received. They were tested for 13 hrHPV genotypes by the polymerase chain reaction based AMPLICOR HPV test (Roche Molecular Systems). The overall prevalence of hrHPV was 34.6%. Most samples were obtained from women aged 21-30 years (44.2%), followed by the 31-40 (27.6%), 41-50 (15.7%), 51-60 (5.3%) and 261 (2.4%) age groups. Out of 3,227 cervical samples obtained from women of known age, 4.9% were obtained from the group of girls younger than 21, in which the highest prevalence of hrHPV (49.4%) was found. A similar prevalence was observed in women aged 21-30 (45.1%). The prevalence gradually decreased with age. During the study period, repeat hrHPV testing was performed in samples from 66 women at different intervals. Out of 28 women that were hrHPV negative on initial testing, only five women turned positive on repeat testing. Out of 38 women that were positive on initial testing, in one-third hrHPV could not be detected on repeat testing. As expected, hrHPV infection was highly prevalent in female adolescents and young women. Further investigation on repeat hrHPV testing is needed to assess virus clearance and rate of newly acquired infection.     

妇科门诊育龄妇女与孕妇阴道菌群状态及常规感染的比较分析

目的比较妇科门诊育龄妇女与孕妇的阴道菌群状态及常规感染,分析阴道菌群改变对阴道常规感染影响。方法用革兰染色法分别检查普通育龄妇女和孕妇的阴道分泌物,并进行Nugent评分。结果妇科门诊育龄妇女和孕妇的假丝酵母菌阳性率分别为28．6％和9．2％,滴虫阳性率分别为2．4％和0．6％;细菌性阴道病（BV）阳性率分别为32．4％和9．6％;乳杆菌3＋到4＋的比例分别为74．4％和44．8％。2组之间比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论相对于妇科门诊育龄妇女而言,孕妇的阴道微生态状况更健康,对各种病原微生物有更强的抵抗力,受假丝酵母菌、滴虫和细菌性阴道病等常规疾病感染的机会明显降低。     

Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in a Turkish Population (Trabzon City,Turkey)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (general and central) in the Trabzon Region and its associations with demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, reproductive history in women, and level of education), socioeconomic factors (household income and occupation), family history of selected medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity), lifestyle factors (smoking habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption), and hypertension in the adult population. Research Methods and Procedures: A sample of households was systematically selected from the central province of Trabzon and its five towns, namely, Sürmene, Vakfikebir, Maçka, Hayrat, and Tonya. A total of 5016 subjects (2728 women and 2288 men) were included in the study. Individuals more than 20 years old were selected from their family health cards. Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, family history of selected medical conditions, and lifestyle factors were obtained for all participants. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels were measured for all subjects. Study procedures were carried out in the local health centers in each town over an 8‐month period. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² and overweight as BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m². Results: The prevalence of obesity was 23.5%: 29.4% in women and 16.5% in men. The combined prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 60.3%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 29.4%: 38.9% among women and 18.1% among men. The prevalence of obesity increased with age, being highest in the 60‐ to 69‐year‐old age group (40.8%) but lower again in the 70+ age group. Obesity was associated positively with marital status, parity, cessation of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and household income and inversely with level of education, cigarette use, and physical activity. Also, obesity was associated positively with hypertension. Discussion: In the Trabzon Region, 60.3% of the adult population presents with some excess weight. Obesity is a major public health problem that requires generalized interventions to prevent it among the adult population.     

Prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Newfoundland.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women in Newfoundland. DESIGN: Anonymous unlinked seroprevalence study. SETTING: Newfoundland. PATIENTS: A total of 14911 women receiving prenatal care or undergoing an abortion, representing nearly all pregnancies in Newfoundland from Nov. 1, 1991, to Oct. 31, 1993. OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV antibody status, as determined by enzyme immunoassay of leftover serum samples (initially obtained for routine screening) and confirmation of reactive samples by the Western blot technique, health region of residence, and age group. RESULTS: Of the 14911 serum samples 13 were positive for HIV, for an overall crude prevalence rate of 1 per 1147 or 8.7 per 10000 pregnant women (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7 to 14.9). Seven of the positive samples were from women residing in the Eastern Health Region of the province, for a crude prevalence rate of 1 per 376 or 26.6 per 10000 pregnant women (95% CI 10.7 to 54.8) for that region. All women found to be HIV positive were 15 to 29 years of age, the peak prevalence (20.8 per 10000 pregnant women [95% CI 9.5 to 39.4]) was observed among those 20 to 24 years. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence rate of 8.7 per 10 000 pregnant women in Newfoundland is the highest provincial rate recorded among those from similar studies in Canada. Although it may be concluded that there are an estimated 125 HIV-positive women of childbearing age in Newfoundland (95% CI 67 to 213), the age-adjusted estimate is 84 (95% CI 36 to 131). This study provides an independent confirmation of an outbreak of HIV infection among women in the Eastern Health Region of the province.     

Modernization,Sexual Risk-Taking,and Gynecological Morbidity among Bolivian Forager-Horticulturalists

Sexual risk-taking and reproductive morbidity are common among rapidly modernizing populations with little material wealth, limited schooling, minimal access to modern contraception and healthcare, and gendered inequalities in resource access that limit female autonomy in cohabiting relationships. Few studies have examined how modernization influences sexual risk-taking and reproductive health early in demographic transition. Tsimane are a natural fertility population of Bolivian forager-farmers; they are not urbanized, reside in small-scale villages, and lack public health infrastructure. We test whether modernization is associated with greater sexual risk-taking, report prevalence of gynecological morbidity (GM), and test whether modernization, sexual risk-taking and parity are associated with greater risk of GM. Data were collected from 2002–2010 using interviews, clinical exams, and laboratory analysis of cervical cells. We find opposing effects of modernization on both sexual risk-taking and risk of GM. Residential proximity to town and Spanish fluency are associated with greater likelihood of men’s infidelity, and with number of lifetime sexual partners for men and women. However, for women, literacy is associated with delayed sexual debut after controlling for town proximity. Fifty-five percent of women present at least one clinical indicator of GM (n = 377); 48% present inflammation of cervical cells, and in 11% the inflammation results from sexually transmitted infection (trichomoniasis). Despite having easier access to modern healthcare, women residing near town experience greater likelihood of cervical inflammation and trichomoniasis relative to women in remote villages; women who are fluent in Spanish are also more likely to present trichomoniasis relative to women with moderate or no fluency. However, literate women experience lower likelihood of trichomoniasis. Parity has no effect on risk of GM. Our results suggest a net increase in risk of reproductive morbidity among rapidly modernizing, resource-stressed populations.     

Does early age at marriage influence gynaecological morbidities among Pakistani women?

This paper presents the prevalence of and investigates predictors for specific perceived gynaecological morbidities in Pakistani women. A total of 717 women were identified from eight squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Detailed information on demographics, contraceptive use and gynaecological morbidities was elicited. The perceived prevalence of uterine prolapse was 19.1% and that of pelvic inflammatory disease 12.8%. The prevalence of uterine prolapse (adjusted odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.0-3.0) was significantly higher among women who married at younger ages (< or = 16 years), independent of education, socioeconomic status and parity. That of pelvic inflammatory disease was significantly higher among those under 21 years of age (adjusted odds ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1-4.8), independent of education, socioeconomic status and parity. Young Pakistani women report an immense burden of reproductive ill health, especially those who began sexual activity at an early age.     

Recombinant human lactoferrin treatment for global health issues: iron deficiency and acute diarrhea

Iron deficiency and diarrhea are two of the most significant issues for global health. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting nearly 25% of the world population (UNICEF/WHO 1999). The prevalence of iron deficiency in developing countries is illustrated by comparison with other deficiencies: iron deficiency affects 3.5 billion people, while vitamin A and iodine deficiency affect 0.3 billion people and 0.8 billion people, respectively. The prevalence is highest among young children and women of childbearing age (particularly pregnant women). It is estimated that national productivity levels could be raised as much as 20% by correcting iron deficiency in developing countries. Recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF), expressed and extracted from rice seed, is being evaluated by Ventria Bioscience for use as a dietary supplement to treat iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia. Diarrhea is also a major world health issue. Sixty percent of children who die under age five die of pneumonia, diarrhea or measles. World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS) is one of the major medical advances in the past 50 years, saving the lives of 1 to 2 million children annually. Many studies have demonstrated similar efficacy of rice-based ORS. There are studies documenting the reduced frequency of diarrhea in breast-fed children and this health improvement is attributed to the antimicrobial action of the human milk proteins lactoferrin and lysozyme. In vitro data document the growth inhibition of the diarrheal associated organisms: rotavirus, ETEC, cholera, salmonella, and shigella by human lactoferrin (hLF) and human lysozyme. Using Ventria's ExpressTec system, we have expressed human lactoferrin and human lysozyme in rice. In a rice-based ORS formulation, these proteins have the potential to provide not only the benefits of reduced stool volume and improved weight gain, but also shorten the course of diarrheal episodes via antimicrobial activity against the causative agent.     

Relative survival analysis of gynecological cancers in an urban district of Shanghai during 2002–2013

ObjectiveAppraisal of cancer survival is essential for cancer control, but studies related to gynecological cancer are scarce. Using cancer registration data, we conducted an in-depth survival analysis of cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers in an urban district of Shanghai during 2002–2013.Materials and methodsThe follow-up data of gynecological cancer from the Changning District of Shanghai, China, were used to estimate the 1–5-year observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) by time periods and age groups during 2002–2013. Age-standardized relative survival rates estimated by the international cancer survival standards were calculated during 2002–2013 to describe the prognosis of cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers among women in the district.ResultsIn total, 1307 gynecological cancer cases were included in the survival analysis in the district during 2002–2013. Among gynecological cancers, the 5-year OSRs and RSRs of uterine corpus cancer were highest (5-year OSR 84.40%, 5-year RSR 87.67%), followed by those of cervical cancer (5-year OSR 73.58%, 5-year RSR 75.91%), and those of ovarian cancer (5-year OSR 53.89%, 5-year RSR 55.90%). After age adjustment, the 5-year relative survival rates of three gynecological cancers were 71.23%, 80.11%, and 43.27%, respectively.ConclusionThe 5-year relative survival rate did not show a systematic temporal trend in cervical cancer, uterine cancer, or ovarian cancer. The prognosis in elderly patients was not optimistic, and this needs a more advanced strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. The age structure of gynecological cancer patients in the district tended to be younger than the standardized age, which implies that more attention to the guidance and health education for the younger generation is needed.