氮磷肥配施对超高产冬小麦灌浆期光合日变化及产量的影响

在大田超高产条件下,研究了氮磷肥配施对超高产冬小麦济麦22灌浆期光合日变化及产量的影响.结果表明：对照(不施氮磷肥)和低氮低磷处理(N、P分别为225和75 kg·hm^-2)的净光合速率(P_n)日变化均呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合“午休”现象,而合理的氮磷处理(N₂P₂,N、P分别为300和150 kg·hm^-2)可以减弱甚至使光合“午休”现象消失;“午休”现象的产生是气孔因素与非气孔因素共同作用的结果.随施肥量增加,小麦的P_n、气孔导度(G_s)、气孔限制值(L_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均逐渐增强.磷素对小麦光合作用的影响程度小于氮素,当施磷量超过150 kg·hm^-2时,小麦P_n随施磷量的增加程度有所减缓,甚至下降,各处理中以N₂P₂处理P_n、G_s和水分利用效率与对照差异最显著.表明氮肥对超高产小麦光合日变化有较大的调节作用,磷肥次之,而氮磷肥配施对P_n、G_s、T_r存在极显著的互作效应.当N、P分别为300和150 kg·hm^-2时有利于提高超高产冬小麦的P_n和产量.     

中国北方杂草稻光合与水分生理特性

杂草稻是一类重要的稻属种质资源,具有耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄等优良特性.本文以88份中国北方杂草稻资源和4份栽培稻为材料,研究了中国北方杂草稻的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等光合与水分生理特性及其相互关系.结果表明: 北方杂草稻资源的光合和水分生理特性存在较大差异,具有丰富的多样性.杂草稻的光合速率变化范围在12.47～28.67 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1,瞬时水分利用效率的变化范围在1.39～3.40 mg·g^-1.光合参数中,胞间CO₂浓度的变异系数最小,气孔导度的变异系数最大.光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈极显著的二次曲线关系,光合速率与胞间CO₂浓度呈显著的直线关系,瞬时水分利用效率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈极显著的二次曲线关系.可用杂草稻材料的优越性能对栽培稻进行品种改良.     

水氮互作对小麦土壤水分利用和茎中果聚糖含量的影响

通过田间试验,以强筋小麦济麦20为材料,设置3个施氮水平：0 kg·hm^-2（N₀）、180 kg·hm^-2（N₁）、240 kg·hm^-2（N₂）;4个灌水处理：不灌水（W₀）、底墒水+拔节水+开花水（W₁）、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水(W₂)、底墒水+冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W₃),每次灌水量为60 mm,研究水氮互作对土壤水分含量、旗叶光合速率、倒二茎中果聚糖含量及氮肥和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明：施氮水平为180 kg·hm^-2处理的旗叶光合速率和倒二茎中果聚糖含量较高,籽粒产量、氮肥表观利用效率、氮肥农学利用率和水分利用效率最高;施氮水平为240 kg·hm^-2处理的茎中果聚糖含量较高;不施氮（N₀）或施氮过多（N₂）均不利于小麦籽粒产量、氮肥和水分利用效率的提高.W₁水分处理促进了倒二茎中果聚糖的积累和向籽粒的转运,有利于产量的提高.180 kg·hm^-2施氮水平配合灌溉底墒水+拔节水+开花水的水氮交互处理（N₁W₁）具有较高的籽粒产量及较高的氮肥和水分利用效率,在此基础上增加施氮量或灌水量,小麦旗叶光合速率和倒二茎中果聚糖含量升高,籽粒产量无显著变化或降低,氮肥和水分利用效率降低.     

羊草和紫花苜蓿人工草地光合特性

为探究单播与混播人工草地对羊草和紫花苜蓿光合特性的影响,测定2种牧草光合特性日变化进程,比较不同处理下羊草和紫花苜蓿光合特征。结果表明：单播处理下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片温度呈单峰型,紫花苜蓿的气孔导度呈单峰型,羊草的气孔导度和水分利用效率呈双峰型。混播处理下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片温度日变化呈单峰型,羊草的气孔导度和水分利用效率呈单峰型,紫花苜蓿的气孔导度呈双峰型。混播处理下,羊草净光合速率峰值显著高于单播,分别为17.72和13.65μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1。单播和混播处理下,羊草叶绿素含量均高于紫花苜蓿,羊草叶片氮含量均低于紫花苜蓿,且混播羊草叶片氮含量显著高于单播羊草,二者分别为27.60和22.55 g·kg^-1。不同种植方式下,羊草和紫花苜蓿的净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈显著正相关,与胞间CO₂浓度呈显著负相关,紫花苜蓿的净光合速率与叶片温度、水分利用效率呈显著正相关。混播处理有利于增加羊草叶片氮含量。试验结果为牧...     

灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO2浓度的短期响应

利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定仪, 测定不同灌溉措施下紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)的光合特性对CO₂浓度和温度的响应, 探讨了土壤水分、温度和CO₂浓度升高对藏北高寒草地紫花针茅光合作用的影响。结果表明: 1)紫花针茅各项光合特性参数对CO₂浓度、温度和土壤水分的变化响应显著, 并表现出明显的交互作用; 2) CO₂浓度升高促进光合速率, 但CO₂浓度过高时光合速率反而下降; 温度升高抑制光合速率, 土壤水分增加对高温条件下的光合作用具有补偿作用; 土壤水分增加促进紫花针茅光合速率的升高; 3)随着CO₂浓度的升高, 胞间CO₂浓度逐渐增大, 蒸腾速率降低, 水分利用效率升高, 气孔导度逐渐减小, 且温度升高加剧气孔导度下降的程度。各光合参数在不同温度水平和土壤水分下表现不同: 气孔导度在20 ℃时达到最大值, 且土壤水分增加利于气孔导度的增大; 温度上升抑制了胞间CO₂浓度, 且在土壤水分充足的条件下更显著; 蒸腾速率随着温度的上升而加快, 蒸腾速率与土壤水分的正相关关系明显; 叶片饱和水汽压亏缺与温度成正比, 充足的土壤水分会适当降低饱和水汽压亏缺; 水分利用效率随着温度上升和土壤水分增多而减小。不同土壤水分条件下光合参数对温度的响应结果表明, 土壤水分的增加对较高温度下光合及其生理参数与温度的关系具有一定的补偿作用。     

干旱胁迫对不同施氮水平麻疯树幼苗光合特性及生长的影响

采用盆栽控水的方法,研究了干旱胁迫（连续干旱0 d,5 d,10 d,…,45 d）对不同施氮水平(对照 0 kg N·hm^-2、低氮 96 kg N·hm^-2、中氮 288 kg N·hm^-2、高氮 480 kg N·hm^-2)麻疯树幼苗光合特性及其生长的影响.结果表明: 随干旱胁迫强度的增加,各施氮水平麻疯树幼苗叶片相对含水量、苗高生长量、地径生长量、叶面积、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均降低,且各水分处理间差异极显著(P<0.01);随干旱时间的延长,叶绿素含量和水分利用效率表现出先升高后降低的趋势,而胞间CO₂浓度呈先降低后升高的趋势.正常供水时,施氮处理均不同程度提高了麻疯树幼苗的光合能力,促进了麻疯树幼苗的生长,且施氮量越高效果越好;干旱条件下,氮素营养对植株光合能力和生长的影响与干旱程度和施氮水平有关.轻度干旱时,提高施氮水平对植株光合能力和生长具有明显的促进作用;中度干旱时,中氮的促进作用明显高于其他施氮水平;严重干旱时,低氮的促进效果最好,高氮的促进作用减弱并逐渐转向抑制.     

氮素对高大气CO2浓度下小麦叶片光合作用的影响

通过测定小麦拔节期叶片的光合气体交换参数和光强-光合速率（P_n）响应曲线,研究了氮素对长期高大气CO₂浓度（760 μmol·mol^-1）下小麦叶片光合作用的影响.结果表明：在长期高大气CO₂浓度下,增施氮肥能提高小麦叶片P_n、蒸腾速率（T_r）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE_i）;与正常大气CO₂浓度相比,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片的P_n和WUE_i增加,气孔导度（G_s）和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i）降低.随光合有效辐射的增强,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片的P_n和WUE_i均高于正常大气CO₂浓度处理,G_s则较低,而C_i和T_r无显著变化.高氮水平下小麦叶片G_s与P_n、T_r、WUE_i呈线性正相关,G_s与C_i在正常大气CO₂浓度下呈线性负相关,但高大气CO₂浓度下二者无相关性;低氮水平下小麦叶片的G_s与P_n、WUE_i无相关性,而与C_i和T_r呈线性正相关,表明高大气CO₂浓度下低氮水平的小麦叶片P_n由非气孔因素限制.     

旱砂田补灌水氮互作对西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用的影响

为了探明旱砂田西瓜在有限补灌条件下的最佳水氮耦合形式,采用完全随机裂区设计,研究不同补灌量(W: 0、35、70、105 m³·hm^-2)和施氮量(N: 0、120、200 kg·hm^-2)处理对旱砂田西瓜生长、产量、品质以及水氮利用率的影响.结果表明: 西瓜叶片的光合速率、水分利用效率、产量和氮肥利用率均随着补灌量的增加而增加;西瓜氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均随施氮量的增加而降低;施氮量在0～120 kg·hm^-2时,西瓜叶片的光合速率和品质指标随施氮量的增加而增加,超过120 kg·hm^-2时不再显著增加,甚至有下降趋势;水氮耦合对西瓜产量和水氮利用效率的互作效应显著,其中灌水的增产效应大于氮肥,以W₇₀N₂₀₀和W₁₀₅N_120处理的西瓜产量最高,较对照分别增产42.4%和40.4%,水分利用效率随水氮组合水平的提高而增加,W₇₀和W₁₀₅水平下的所有施氮处理均在26 kg·m^-3以上, W₁₀₅N₁₂₀处理的西瓜氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率最高.综合考虑各因素,在本试验条件下,砂田西瓜生育期补灌量105 m³·hm^-2、施氮量120 kg·hm^-2处理为产量和效益兼优的最佳水氮组合.     

氮素对高大气CO2浓度下小麦叶片光合作用的影响

通过测定小麦拔节期叶片的光合气体交换参数和光强-光合速率（P_n）响应曲线,研究了氮素对长期高大气CO₂浓度（760 μmol·mol^-1）下小麦叶片光合作用的影响.结果表明：在长期高大气CO₂浓度下,增施氮肥能提高小麦叶片P_n、蒸腾速率（T_r）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE_i）;与正常大气CO₂浓度相比,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片的P_n和WUE_i增加,气孔导度（G_s）和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i）降低.随光合有效辐射的增强,高大气CO₂浓度下小麦叶片的P_n和WUE_i均高于正常大气CO₂浓度处理,G_s则较低,而C_i和T_r无显著变化.高氮水平下小麦叶片G_s与P_n、T_r、WUE_i呈线性正相关,G_s与C_i在正常大气CO₂浓度下呈线性负相关,但高大气CO₂浓度下二者无相关性;低氮水平下小麦叶片的G_s与P_n、WUE_i无相关性,而与C_i和T_r呈线性正相关,表明高大气CO₂浓度下低氮水平的小麦叶片P_n由非气孔因素限制.     

不同灌水量对干旱区枸杞叶片结构、光合生理参数和产量的影响

宁夏枸杞是我国重要的药用植物资源.为确定宁夏枸杞的适宜灌溉量,在人工控水条件下,研究了不同月灌溉定额对宁夏枸杞叶片结构、光合生理以及果实产量的影响.结果表明：月灌水定额＜900 m³·hm^-2时,随着灌水量的增加,枸杞的叶面积、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和叶片结构紧密度、叶片光合速率、瞬时水分利用效率、气孔限制值和枸杞果实产量显著增加,而气孔密度和胞间CO₂浓度则呈下降趋势;月灌水定额＞900 m³·hm^-2以后,叶片胞间CO₂浓度随月灌溉定额的增加呈上升趋势, 而叶面积、气孔密度和枸杞果实产量变化不显著,其他指标均呈相反的变化趋势.枸杞叶片蒸腾速率和气孔导度值以450 m³·hm^-2处理最高,分别达8.02和324 mmol·m^-2·s^-1;其他处理均低于对照.在节水条件下,900 m³·hm^-2的月灌溉定额较适合枸杞的灌溉.     

保水剂用量对小麦不同生育期根系生理特性的影响

在河南禹州试验基地进行田间试验,研究了保水剂不同施用量（0、30、60、90 kg·hm^-2）对两个冬小麦品种（郑麦9694和矮抗58）根系生理生化特征、生物量及产量的影响,以探明保水剂对不同生育阶段冬小麦根系的作用机理.结果表明：施用保水剂降低了冬小麦根系质膜透性和可溶性糖含量,提高了根系活力.在各生育期,郑麦9694根系质膜透性降低幅度均大于矮抗58;除90 kg·hm^-2处理外,矮抗58的根系活力均显著大于郑麦9694.在孕穗期和灌浆期,郑麦9694的可溶性糖含量降低幅度显著大于矮抗58.在各生育期内,60 kg·hm^-2处理的两品种质膜透性和可溶性糖含量均最小,90 kg·hm^-2与60 kg·hm^-2处理差异不显著.随保水剂用量的增加,郑麦9694的根系活力显著提高,而矮抗58 在60 kg·hm^-2处理下最高.施用保水剂还提高了小麦根系生物量,在拔节期和孕穗期,矮抗58的根系生物量大于郑麦9694;而在灌浆期,矮抗58在60 kg·hm^-2和90 kg·hm^-2处理下根系生物量显著低于郑麦9694.郑麦9694和矮抗58产量均以60 kg·hm^-2处理增幅最高.综上,保水剂对郑麦9694的作用效果较矮抗58显著,并以60 kg·hm^-2施用量为佳.     

Optimizing nitrogen supply promotes biomass,physiological characteristics and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)

Avoidable or inappropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates harmfully affect the yield production and ecological value. Therefore, the aims of this study were to optimize the rate and timings of N fertilizer to maximize yield components and photosynthetic parameter of soybean. This field experiment consists of five fertilizer N rates: 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N ha⁻¹ arranged in main plots and four N fertilization timings: V₅ (trifoliate leaf), R₂ (full flowering stage) and R₄ (full poding stage), and R₆ (full seeding stage) growth stages organized as subplots. Results revealed that 225 kg N ha⁻¹ significantly enhanced grain yield components, total chlorophyll (Chl), photosynthetic rate (P_N), and total dry biomass and N accumulation by 20%, 16%, 28%, 7% and 12% at R₄ stage of soybean. However, stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf area index (LAI), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E) were increased by 12%, 88%, 10%, 18% at R₆ stage under 225 kg N ha⁻¹. Grain yield was significantly associated with photosynthetic characteristics of soybean. In conclusion, the amount of nitrogen 225 kg ha⁻¹ at R₄ and R₆ stages effectively promoted the yield components and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean.     

Regulation of Nitrogen Metabolism,Photosynthetic Activity,and Yield Attributes of Spring Wheat by Nitrogen Fertilizer in the Semi-arid Loess Plateau Region

It is critical for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the semi-arid Loess Plateau to understand the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on changes in N metabolism, photosynthetic parameters, and their relationship with grain yield and quality. The photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves, dry matter accumulation, and N metabolite enzyme activities from anthesis to maturity were studied on a long-term fertilization trial under different N rates [0 kg ha^?1(N1), 52.5 kg ha^?1 (N2), 105 kg ha^?1 (N3), 157.5 kg ha^?1 (N4), and 210 kg ha^?1 (N5)]. It was observed that N3 produced optimum total dry matter (5407 kg ha^?1), 1000 grain weight (39.7 g), grain yield (2.64 t ha^?1), and protein content (13.97%). Our results showed that N fertilization significantly increased photosynthetic parameters and N metabolite enzymes at all growth stages. Nitrogen harvest index, partial productivity factor, agronomic recovery efficiency, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were decreased with increased N. Higher N rates (N3–N5) maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation and lower intercellular CO₂ content. The N supply influenced NUE by improving photosynthetic properties. The N3 produced highest chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, grain yield, grain protein, dry matter, grains weight, and N metabolite enzyme activities compared to the other rates (N1, N2, N4, and N5). Therefore, increasing N rates beyond the optimum quantity only promotes vegetative development and results in lower yields.

     

盐胁迫对沙拐枣光合生理特性的影响

以采自甘肃民勤一年生的沙拐枣幼苗为试材,对不同NaCl浓度(0、50、100、200、300mmol·L~(-1))处理下沙拐枣光合生理特性进行分析,并对各生理指标与地上生物量进行灰色关联度分析,以探讨荒漠植物沙拐枣的抗盐机理,为沙拐枣的保护及其恢复荒漠生态系统稳定提供理论依据。结果显示:随着NaCl浓度的升高,沙拐枣同化枝内脯氨酸含量逐渐增大,而其可溶性糖含量逐渐减小;在低浓度NaCl(50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)处理下,同化枝光合参数均增加,且净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均达到最大值,比对照分别显著增加了33.3%、68.0%、60.8%;与50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl相比,处理浓度超过50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl时,Pn、Gs、Tr均降低;同化枝叶绿素b含量随着NaCl浓度的增加而降低,而叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势。灰色关联度分析发现,同化枝的Tr、Gs、Ci以及叶绿素b与地上生物量的关联度较大。研究表明,低盐浓度NaCl激活了沙拐枣的某些生理机制,有利于植株的光合作用和生长,而植物在高盐浓度胁迫时能通过调节脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量,减少叶绿素含量、Pn和Tr等维持自身的生长。     

氮素减施对茶树光合作用和氮肥利用率的影响

为探讨当前茶园施肥水平下氮素减施对茶树的生长与氮肥利用率的影响,在大田条件下设置不施氮(空白对照CK),纯氮16 kg·667 m^-2(减氮55.6%,处理A)、纯氮26kg·667 m^-2(减氮27.8%,处理B)、纯氮36 kg·667 m^-2(常规施氮CF)4个施氮处理,研究氮素用量减施对茶树光合作用、产量、氮素吸收及其利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CF比较,处理B能提高茶树的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr),降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用率(WUE);各施氮肥处理中以处理B的产量最高,氮肥农学效率最高,土壤养分剩余较少,氮素的利用效率较高;CF产量较处理B增加不显著,氮肥农学效率降低,土壤未利用养分较多。因此,减氮27.8%的施肥能保证与常规施肥的茶叶产量,氮素利用率明显提升,有利于茶业的可持续发展。     

长期施用有机肥和过磷酸钙对潮土有效磷积累与淋溶的影响

利用20年定位试验研究了施用化肥和有机肥对潮土耕层土壤有效磷（Olsen-P）含量与作物产量的关系及土壤Olsen-P积累和垂直移动规律的影响.结果表明：土壤Olsen-P含量在10～40 mg·kg^-1能保证小麦、玉米有较高的产量,土壤Olsen-P含量大于40 mg·kg^-1发生显著淋溶,轻壤质潮土Olsen-P发生淋溶的阈值为40 mg·kg^-1.连续施用化肥（NPK）和秸秆还田处理（SNPK）施磷量在77～90 kg·hm^-2,平均每100 kg P·hm^-2使耕层土壤Olsen-P提高0.63～0.72 mg·kg^-1,每年提高0.49～0.65 mg·kg^-1,达到淋失阈值需要45～60年.有机肥与化肥结合（MNPK、MNPK2和1.5 MNPK）,年施磷量为210 kg·hm^-2时,土壤Olsen-P（Y）与施肥年度（x）的关系为：Y_{1.5 MNPK}=4.506x+6.4464 (R²=0.8862),平均每年增加4.5 mg·kg^-1,连续施用8年可使耕层土壤Olsen-P达到淋失阈值;年施磷量为125和140 kg·hm^-2时,土壤Olsen-P与施肥年度的关系为：Y_MNPK2=2.4765x+13.563 (R²=0.9307)和Y_MNPK=3.1097x+6.9615 (R²=0.8562),平均每年增加2.47和3.1 mg·kg^-1,连续施用11年可使耕层土壤Olsen-P达到淋失阈值.有机无机肥结合处理土壤Olsen-P积累速度是化肥处理的3.5倍,过量施用有机肥增加了土壤Olsen-P的积累和淋失.     

镉胁迫下硒对罗汉果组培苗光合特性的影响

实验以罗汉果组培苗为材料,室内栽培在内装市售营养土的塑料盆中,以0、10、50、100、200mg·kg-1浓度镉离子和1mg·kg-1浓度硒处理,培养20d后分析罗汉果幼苗的相关光合生理指标。结果表明:低浓度Cd2+对叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)影响不大或稍有上升,但高浓度镉离子处理植株叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)明显下降;随Cd2+处理浓度的增加,叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈现上升趋势;加硒则延缓叶绿素下降,促进光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)上升,降低叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。表明高浓度镉离子的毒害导致罗汉果组培苗叶片光合性能受到伤害,从而影响罗汉果幼苗生长。镉硒混合处理反映出硒对镉的毒害有缓解作用。     

Gas-exchange parameters and morphological features of festulolium (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Festulolium braunii</Emphasis> K. Richert A. Camus) in response to nitrogen dosage

The response of some photosynthetic parameters (CO₂ assimilation, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll content), shoot development, and the morphological features of the root system to differentiated conditions of nitrogen supply was tested in festulolium (Festulolium braunii K. Richert A. Camus) varieties (Felopa and Sulino). Nitrogen fertilization with no nitrogen added [0 g(N)], single dosage [0.23 g(N)], and double dosage [0.46 g(N)] per pot and per year was applied. Lack of nitrogen resulted in formation of longer and finer roots and lowered chlorophyll content, CO₂ assimilation, and water-use efficiency, resulting in lower dry matter accumulation. Application of both dosages of nitrogen resulted in improved aboveground features, while root features were enhanced without nitrogen fertilization. Dependence between physiological parameters and morphological traits was significant and positively correlated in the case of the aboveground parts of plants and negatively correlated to the belowground parts.     

Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao1

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) has been praised as one of green foods for humans in the 21_st century. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of tartary buckwheat has not been yet reported in detail. Our experiment was set as a split-plot factorial. The main plots and subplots were designed by fertilizer ratio and rate as: NPK 1:1:1 (A1), NPK 1:4:2 (A2), NPK 1:2:3 (A3), and 300 (B1), 450 (B2), and 600 (B3) kg (NPK) ha^–1. Our results showed that the grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate (E), PAR, stomatal limitation value (L_s), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf area index (LAI), while significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) and water-use efficiency (WUE). The grain yield, P _N, g _s, E, PAR, L_s, SPAD, and LAI increased and then decreased with enhanced fertilization, and their maximum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. The C _i and WUE decreased and then increased with enhanced fertilization, and their minimum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. Our results suggested that fertilization had significant effects on the leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of tartary buckwheat Yunqiao 1, and the best fertilization strategy was 450 kg ha^–1 with NPK 1:4:2.     

The efficiency of water use in water stressed plants is increased due to ABA induced stomatal closure

Gas exchange and abscisic acid content of Digitalis lanata EHRH. have been examined at different levels of plant water stress. Net photosynthesis, transpiration and conductance of attached leaves declined rapidly at first, then more slowly following the withholding of irrigation. The intercellular partial pressure of CO₂ decreased slightly. The concentration of 2-cis(S)ABA increased about eight-fold in the leaves of non-irrigated plants as compared with well-watered controls. A close linear correlation was found between the ABA content of the leaves and their conductance on a leaf area basis. In contrast, the plot of net assimilation versus ABA concentration was curvilinear, leading to an increased efficiency of water use during stress. After rewatering, photosynthesis reached control values earlier than transpiration, leaf conductance and ABA content. From these data it is concluded that transpiration through the stomata is directly controlled by the ABA content, whereas net photosynthesis is influenced additionally by other factors.Possible reasons for the responses of photosynthesis and water use efficiency to different stress and ABA levels are discussed.Abbreviations A net CO₂ assimilation - ABA abscisic acid - C_i intercellular CO₂ concentration - g stomatal conductance - T transpiration - WUE water use efficiency