山东莱阳晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石一新类型

山东莱阳是中国最早发现的含有丰富的晚白垩世恐龙及恐龙蛋化石产地。上个世纪50～60年代,周明镇(1951,1954)及杨钟健(1954,1959,1965)对莱阳首次发现的恐龙蛋化石进行了研究。1974年,赵资奎、蒋元凯在前人工作基础上,采用显微镜技术方法重新研究了莱阳恐龙蛋壳的显微结构,结果发现它们的显微结构有很大差异。根据赵资奎(1975)提出的恐龙蛋分类方法(Parataxonomy),将莱阳地区已发现的恐龙蛋分别归入圆形蛋科(spheroolithidae)、椭圆形蛋科(Ovaloolithidae)和长形蛋科(Elongatoolithidae)等3个科,共5个属12个种(赵资奎,1979,1993)。最近,大连自然博物馆在整理馆存的化石标本时,发现有4枚形状为扁圆形的恐龙蛋化石是1973年10月从山东莱阳将军顶采集到的。根据目前有关莱阳地区晚中生代地层划分修订的标准(胡承志等,2001),这些标本的出土层位应为上白垩统王氏群将军顶组。我们的初步观察表明,蛋化石的形状、大小及其蛋壳显微结构特征与上述已报道的莱阳恐龙蛋3个类群的明显不同,在此简单记述,以期对莱阳地区晚白垩世恐龙蛋群的综合研究提供些许资料。     

晚白垩世恐龙蛋壳变薄及有关问题的探讨

山东莱阳和广东南雄上白垩统发现的各类恐龙蛋壳化石,其平均厚度的变化在地层中是自下而上逐渐变薄;类似的现象也见于法国南部上白垩统的恐龙蛋化石。因此可以认为恐龙蛋壳厚度在晚白垩世晚期的逐渐变薄,很可能是它们演化过程中的一个重要趋势。文中扼要地讨论了恐龙蛋壳变薄的机理,并提出晚白垩世晚期恐龙蛋壳变薄可能是恐龙类最后绝灭的一个非常重要的原因。同时也讨论了这些含恐龙蛋化石地层的时代问题。     

浙江衢州发现恐龙蛋化石

1970、1975年在浙江衢州樟潭公社高塘石大队的红色砂岩中,先后发现两窝恐龙蛋化石。一窝呈椭圆形,一窝呈扁圆形。后一种个体较大,直径达200毫米,蛋壳厚1.5毫米左右,呈灰黑色,有破裂痕。这在我省是首次发现,那硕大的个体在我国已发现的恐龙蛋中也是罕见的。经中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所初步签定,该蛋化石属于蜂窝型蛋类,是近年来新发现的较原始的另一类恐龙的蛋。恐龙蛋化石的发现,对于我国红色砂岩的地层年代划分、对比,探讨蛋壳演变及找矿等均有一     

浙江义乌恐龙蛋化石新类型及对南马东阳蛋的修订（英文）

浙江省义乌市发现了一种新类型的恐龙蛋化石,外表面上具有大致相互平行的波状分枝裂隙。这种奇特的纹饰表明这种蛋不属于已知的任何蛋科。有趣的是,它们与曾经被归于树枝蛋科的南马东阳蛋(Dongyangoolithus nanmaensis)有一些相同的蛋壳显微特征:外表面的分枝裂隙和被巨大空腔分隔的壳单元集合体。考虑到地点和层位都很接近,这一新类型的恐龙蛋和南马东阳蛋应被归于一新蛋科。由于这种新类型恐龙蛋的壳单元集合体及裂隙的形态不同于南马东阳蛋,因此又建立了一个新的蛋属、蛋种——赤岸多裂隙蛋(Multifissoolithus chianensis)。新蛋科与圆形蛋科的圆形蛋属(Spheroolithus)有较近的亲缘关系,还具有一种过渡型的气体交换系统。     

浙江天台盆地上白垩统赤城山组长形蛋科一新蛋属

浙江天台盆地上白垩统赤城山组发现一新的恐龙蛋类型。依据蛋化石形态、大小和蛋壳柱状层生长纹呈波浪形等特征,将其归入长形蛋科(Elongatoolithidae)。这枚恐龙蛋的蛋壳外表面具网状纹饰,蛋壳锥体层与柱状层界线明显,二者厚度之比近1:2,气孔道细而直,这些特征区别于其他长形蛋科的成员,因此,建立一新的蛋属、蛋种:网纹副长形蛋(Paraelonga-toolithus reticulatus oogen.et oosp.nov.),代表晚白垩世早期长形蛋科的新成员。     

山东莱阳晚白垩世棱柱形蛋新属种及其意义（英文）

记述了发现于莱阳上白垩统将军顶的半枚蛋化石,据其保存较尖的一端,蛋壳外表面光滑无纹饰,蛋壳较薄,紧密排列的棱柱状壳单元,壳单元边缘由致密的方解石组成,以及气孔较少,气孔呈圆形或椭圆形等特征,将其归入棱柱形蛋科,建立新蛋属新蛋种:梨乡莱阳蛋(Laiyangoolithus lixiangensis oogen.et oosp.nov.)。梨乡莱阳蛋的发现不仅丰富了莱阳恐龙蛋化石群组成,同时也增加了棱柱形蛋类的古地理分布,并为研究伤齿龙类的多样性和古地理分布提供了新的证据。     

浙江天台盆地晚白垩世恐龙蛋新类型(英文)

浙江天台盆地上白垩统赖家组和赤城山组是我国最重要的恐龙蛋化石产出地层之一。近年来,我们对天台盆地陆相红层中的恐龙蛋化石层位进行了详细厘定,对恐龙蛋类型进行了系统描述,并对前人报道的一些属种进行了分类订正。研究显示,天台恐龙蛋化石群基本上可分为7蛋科、12蛋属和15蛋种,代表了我国晚白垩世早期的恐龙蛋化石组合。本文简要报道了主要产自天台盆地赤城山组的双塘似蜂窝蛋(新蛋属、新修订种)、木鱼山半蜂窝蛋(新蛋属、新蛋种)、国清寺副蜂窝蛋(新修订种)、天台棱柱形蛋(新修订种)和张头槽马赛克蛋(新蛋属、新修订种)等3新蛋属、5新蛋种和修订种的主要鉴定特征,并建立一新蛋科——似蜂窝蛋科。     

恐龙蛋化石──繁殖受挫的证据──记山东莱阳恐龙蛋化石的进一步研究

恐龙蛋化石──繁殖受挫的证据──记山东莱阳恐龙蛋化石的进一步研究左权,汤卓炜目前在世界上好多地方陆续发现爬行类,尤其是恐龙的蛋化石,按形态结构可大致分为短圆蛋和长形蛋两种,蛋的大小变化范围很大,蛋壳厚度及其内外部“纹饰”,蛋壳结构及锥状层和柱状层比例...     

浙江天台盆地发现恐龙蛋一新蛋科化石

中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所汪筱林研究员课题组王强博士等近期在浙江天台盆地双塘、桥下、酒厂等多个地点的赤城山组一段发现十几枚蛋壳结构非常特殊的蛋化石,与目前已知的恐龙蛋类型明显不同,研究后认为是恐龙蛋新蛋科化石.11月2日《科学通报》第57卷31期以封面文章形式刊登了该项研究成果.这一新的恐龙蛋类型的发现不仅有助于进一步了解天台盆地晚白垩世早期恐龙蛋类群的完整面貌,而且也为探讨白垩纪恐龙蛋壳结构的形成与演化提供新的资料.     

广东南雄恐龙蛋化石的显微结构(一)——兼论恐龙蛋化石的分类问题

前言广东北部南雄盆地的晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石最早是在1962—1963年间冬季发现和采集的(张玉萍、童永生,1963),1963—1964年间冬季又在同一地区进行了调查和发掘(郑家坚等,1973),总共发现了9个蛋窝计78枚比较完整的蛋化石和许多蛋壳碎片。由于这批标本保存完整,数量又多,在目前已知的恐龙蛋化石较少的情况下,可以说是一批较为重要的标本。因此,南雄的发现在国内外引起了广泛的注意。蛋化石经杨钟健(1965)研究,认为根据蛋的大小、形状和蛋壳表面的纹饰,基本上可以分为粗皮蛋(Oolithes ru-gustus)、长形蛋(Oolithes elongatus)、圆形蛋(Oolithes spheroides)和南雄蛋(Oolithesnanhsiungensis)四种。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.