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1.
Chiao-Chuan Han Cheng-Sheng Chang Tzen-Yuh Chiang Ping-Han Chung Hung-Du Lin 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(4):1065-1068
Caridina gracilipes, an atyid shrimp of Taiwan, inhabits the fresh and brackish waters. Its life history can be classified into amphidromous
and landlocked types. Recent human’s transportation has caused concerns of genetic contamination between these long evolved
lineages and ecological instabilities. Molecular markers with high sensitivities are required for detecting the possible introgression
due to human disturbance. In the study, we described the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci in C. gracilipes for genetic and ecological studies. These new markers were tested in 20 individuals of three populations. The number of alleles
ranged from 6 to 17. Expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities ranged from 0.653 to 0.954, averaged at 0.865, and from 0.000 to 0.4, averaged at 0.146, respectively.
All loci are significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency. Significant genetic
differentiation among populations was detected based on F
ST values, which were estimated from 0.82 to 0.88.
Chiao-Chuan Han and Cheng-Sheng Chang are contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
2.
Chi-Chun Huang Kuo-Hsiang Hung Tsai-Wen Hsu Kuo-Hsiung Wang Chi-Yung Lin Tzen-Yuh Chiang 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1333-1335
Fatsia polycarpa Hayata (Araliaceae) is an element of evergreen forests at middle elevations in Taiwan, also representing the southern limitation
in distribution of the genus. In this study, we described the development of 11 microsatellite loci from F. polycarpa in Taiwan for genetic studies. These new markers were tested in 20 individuals of 5 populations of the woody species. The
number of alleles ranged from 9 to 18. The expected (H
E
) and observed (H
O
) heterozygosities were 0.80–0.95 and 0.10–0.75, respectively. Six of the 11 microsatellite loci are significantly deviated
from Hardy–Weinberg expectations likely due to the population structure within samples. No linkage disequilibrium were observed
from pairwise comparisons of loci.
Chi-Chun Huang, Kuo-Hsiang Hung, and Tsai-Wen Hsu contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
3.
Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is a critically endangered species endemic to China. In this study, the extent of genetic variation in the captive alligators
of the Changxing Reserve Center was investigated using microsatellite markers derived from American alligators. Out of 22
loci employed, 21 were successfully amplified in the Chinese alligator. Sequence analysis showed loci in American alligators
had a bigger average size than that of the Chinese alligators and the longest allele of an individual locus almost always
existed in the species with longer stretch of repeat units. Eight of the 22 loci were found to be polymorphic with a total
of 26 alleles present among 32 animals scored, yielding an average of 3.25 alleles per polymorphic locus. The expected heterozygosity
(H
E) ranged at a moderate level from 0.4385 to 0.7163 in this population. Compared to that in the American alligators, a lower
level of microsatellite diversity existed in the Changxing population as revealed by about 46% fewer alleles per locus and
smaller H
E at the homologous loci. The average exclusion power and the ability to detect shared genotypes and multiple paternity were
evaluated for those markers. Results suggested that when the polymorphic loci were combined, they could be sensitive markers
in genetic diversity study and relatedness inference within the Chinese alligator populations. The level of genetic diversity
present in the current Changxing population indicated an important resource to complement reintroductions based on the individuals
from the other population. In addition, the microsatellite markers and their associated diversity characterized in this population
could be utilized to further investigate the genetic status of this species. 相似文献
4.
Tzen-Yuh Chiang Hung-Du Lin Tin-Yam Chan Cheng-Yu Hung Feng-Jiau Lin 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(6):1653-1655
Populations of mudshrimp, Austinogebia edulis, in the intertidal mud flat of western Taiwan have severely declined due to habitat destruction and overfishing in the past
decades. Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated for this ecologically threatened species by using a polymerase
chain reaction-based procedure. The number of alleles per locus ranged from five to 14 in 20 specimens from Central West Taiwan.
Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.2500 (averaged at 0.0944) and 0.7333 to 0.9385 (averaged at 0.8524),
respectively. There were significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Significant LD was discovered in most loci.
These primers may provide a tool for understanding population structure in A. edulis.
Tzen-Yuh Chiang and Hung-Du Lin contributed to the study equally. 相似文献
5.
Garrulax morrisonianus, an endemic avian species of Taiwan, inhabits evergreen forests at high elevations of 2,000–3,952 m. In this study, we developed
15 microsatellite primer pairs for genetic study. These markers were screened for 52 samples collected from wild populations
of different geographical regions. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.430–0.725 and 0.000–0.500, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium due to the heterozygote deficiency.
The authors Tzen-Yuh Chiang, Sao-Cheng Lao, Ya-Fu Lee contributed to the study equally. 相似文献
6.
Cheng-Yu Hung Yi-Yen Chen Tsai-Wen Hsu Tsurng-Juhn Huang Tzen-Yuh Chiang 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1337-1339
Suzukia shikikunensis Kudo is an endemic plant in Taiwan and suffers habitat destruction caused by human overexploitation. In this study, we developed
12 microsatellite primer pairs for genetic study. These markers were screened for 24 samples collected from wild populations distributed in Taiwan, and for a sister species
S. luchuensis collected from Yonaguni and Lutao Islands. The number of alleles ranged from 5 to 14. The expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities were 0.65–0.922 and 0–0.625, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
due to the heterozygote deficiency. These primers amplifying microsatellites in the two species may provide a useful tool
for population genetics to establish conservation strategy. 相似文献
7.
Xiao-Li Peng Chang-Ming Zhao Gui-Li Wu Jian-Quan Liu 《Trees - Structure and Function》2007,21(4):457-464
Repeated cycles of retreat and recolonization during the Quaternary ice ages are thought to have greatly influenced current
species distributions and their genetic diversity. It remains unclear how this climatic oscillation has affected the distribution
of genetic diversity between populations of wind-pollinated conifers in the Qinghai-Tibetan region. In this study, we investigated
the within-species genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Picea likiangensis, a dominant forest species in this region using polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Our results suggest that this species has
high overall genetic diversity, with 85.42% of loci being polymorphic and an average expected heterozygosity (H
E) of 0.239. However, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at population levels and the differences between populations
were not significant, with percentages of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 46.88 to 69.76%, Nei’s gene diversity (H
E) from 0.179 to 0.289 and Shannon’s indices (Hpop) from 0.267 to 0.421. In accordance with our proposed hypothesis, a high level of genetic differentiation among populations
was detected based on Nei’s genetic diversity (G
ST = 0.256) and AMOVA analysis (Phi
st = 0.236). Gene flow between populations was found to be limited (Nm = 1.4532) and far lower than reported for other conifer species with wide distribution ranges from other regions. No clusters
corresponding to three morphological varieties found in the south, north and west, respectively, were detected in either UPGMA
or PCO analyses. Our results suggest that this species may have had different refugia during the glacial stages in the southern
region and that the northern variety may have multiple origins from these different refugia. 相似文献
8.
Kyung-Ho Ma Anupam Dixit Young-Chang Kim Dong-Yun Lee Tae-San Kim Eun-Gi Cho Yong-Jin Park 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(6):1507-1509
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, commonly known as Korean or Asian ginseng, is a perennial herb native to Korea and China. Its roots are highly
prized for several medicinal properties. The present study describes development and characterization of twenty-two polymorphic
microsatellite markers for this species. A total of 99 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus across
20 accessions. Values for observed (H
O
) and expected (H
E
) heterozygosities ranged from 0.05 to 1.00 and from 0.18 to 0.73, respectively. Eleven loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg
equilibrium (P < 0.001). Significant (P < 0.05) heterozygote deficiency was observed at 13 loci. Exact test for linkage disequilibrium showed significant values
(P < 0.05) between 12 pairs of loci. These microsatellite markers provide powerful tools for understanding population and conservation
genetics of this species and also for genetic differentiation and authentication of different Panax species being used in commercial ginseng products. 相似文献
9.
Kuo-Hsiung Wang Ming-Jou Wu Tzen-Yuh Chiang Chang-Hung Chou 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(4):1163-1165
Euphrasia nankotaizanensis is an endangered flowering plant distributed restrictedly on rocky slope of high mountain peaks in central and northern Taiwan.
In order to undertake a conservation program, especially given impacts of the global warming, it is essential to evaluate
its genetic diversity and population structure. We described nine novel microsatellite primer pairs in E. nankotaizanensis and also examined its relative E. transmorrisonensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 29. Expected (H
E) and observed (H
O) heterozygosities ranged from 0.83 to 0.98 and 0.00 to 0.95, respectively. Eight of the nine microsatellite loci displayed
significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, likely due to the loss of habitats and the small population size.
Significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected in most loci. Cross-species amplification of microsatellites took place
at five loci. These primers may provide a tool for understanding the demography and population structure of Euphrasia species in Taiwan.
Kuo-Hsiung Wang, Ming-Jou Wu, and Tzen-Yuh Chiang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
10.
Grain protein variability among populations of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.) from Jordan
A. A. Jaradat 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,83(2):164-168
Summary Protein content, kernel weight, and genetic diversity in the storage protein hordein, encoded by the Hor 1 and Hor 2 loci, were assessed in 12 populations of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch.) collected from central, peripheral, and marginal areas of its distribution in Jordan. Protein content ranged from 106.3 to 239.1 g kg-1, and kernel weight ranged from 21.17 to 31.8 mg. Populations with high protein content and heavy kernels have been identified. Electrophoretic analysis of the storage protein hordein showed that the two hordein loci, Hor 1 and Hor 2, are highly polymorphic, having 34 and 38 alleles, respectively. Polymorphism (He) was highest in central populations (He
Hor 1=0.859, He
Hor 2=0.782), intermediate in peripheral populations (He
Hor 1=0.566, He
Hor 2=0.509), and lowest in marginal populations (He
Hor 1=0.392, He
Hor 2=0.349). Geographical distances between populations were not indicative of Nei's genetic similarity (NI). NI values averaged 0.209 and ranged from 0.0 to 0.83, supporting the hypothesis of an island population model for the species. The high proportion of allelic diversity, apportioned among populations for Hor 1 (0.584) and Hor 2 (0.495) loci, indicates that these natural populations are a rich reserve of genetic variability for protein. This variability is readily exploitable in breeding. 相似文献
11.
We investigated the extent of genetic differentiation among populations of fujihatazao,Arabis serrata along an altitudinal gradient at Mt. Fuji in Shizuoka Prefecture. This species is a perennial plant, widely distributed in
Japan forming small isolated populations. However, at Mt. Fuji, this species constitutes a large population distributed from
1440 to 2400 m altitude. A total of 411 individuals were sampled from ten subpopulations. Eighteen loci were detected on eleven
enzyme systems. Eleven loci were monomorphic and seven loci were polymorphic with a mean of 2.11 alleles per loci. Nei's genetic
distance (mean 0.01) and genetic identity (mean 0.968) were very similar among populations indicating a low genetic differentiation.
The total genetic diversity (H
T
) estimated for the polymorphic loci was, in average, 0.396. The mean gene differentiation (GST=0.091) was very low. Gene frequency of seven polymorphic loci was analyzed by spatial autocorrelation methods based on Moran's
indexes. Only Pgi-3 exhibited a significant negative autocorrelation (−0.160;P<0.05); other loci values ranged from −0.134 to 0.027. Gene flow estimated by indirect methods varied between genes but most
of the values were high (meanNm=20.8) suggesting that subpopulations at different altitudes are probably connected. Despite plants at different altitudes
present different ecological traits (e.g., differences in phenology, growth and reproductive traits), subpopulations ofA. serrata are still low differentiated, at least for the loci studied. This may be explained by the recent origin of some habitats
(e.g., second crater and surrounded areas) in this locality. 相似文献
12.
Abdul Muneer PM Gopalakrishnan A Musammilu KK Mohindra V Lal KK Basheer VS Lakra WS 《Molecular biology reports》2009,36(7):1779-1791
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite markers were applied to evaluate the genetic variation in endemic
and endangered yellow catfish, Horabagrus
brachysoma sampled from three geographic locations of Western Ghat, South India river systems. In RAPD, of 32 10-mer RAPD primers screened
initially, 10 were chosen and used in a comparative analysis of H. brachysoma collected from Meenachil, Chalakkudy and Nethravathi River systems. Of the 124 total RAPD fragments amplified, 49 (39.51%)
were found to be shared by individuals of all 3 populations. The remaining 75 fragments were found to be polymorphic (60.48%).
In microsatellites, six polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified by using primers developed for Pangasius
hypophthalmus, Clarias
macrocephalus and Clarias
gariepinus. The identified loci were confirmed as microsatellite by sequencing after making a clone. The nucleotide sequences of 6 loci
were published in NCBI genbank. The number of alleles across the six loci ranged from 4 to 7 and heterozygosities ranged from
0.07 to 0.93. The mean number of alleles and effective number of alleles per locus were 5.00 and 3.314, respectively. The
average heterozygosity across all investigated samples was 0.72, indicating a significant deficiency of heterozygotes in this
species. RAPD and microsatellite methods reported a high degree of gene diversity and genetic distances depicted by UPGMA
dendrograms among the populations of H. brachysoma. 相似文献
13.
MA. CARMEN A. ABLAN 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(1):170-172
Ten polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from the red‐bellied yellow tail fusilier Caesio cuning, a reef‐associated fish which occurs widely in the Indo‐Pacific region. The species is exploited by both small‐scale and commercial fisheries. Fifty individuals from six populations were genotyped using primers that reliably amplified 10 polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 11. Observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged between 0.400 to 0.880 and 0.337 to 0.843, respectively. These microsatellite loci may be used to study population structure, genetic diversity and connectivity of C. cuning in the range of its distribution. 相似文献
14.
Lycopodium fordii Bak. (Lycopodiaceae, Pteridophyta) is a gardening plant with a native, fragmentary distribution in Taiwan. In this study,
we described the development of eleven microsatellite loci in L. fordii for genetic studies. These new markers were tested in 16 individuals of three populations. The number of alleles ranged from
1 to 5 and the expected heterozygosity from 0.41746 to 0.72222. Four of the nine polymorphic loci were significantly deviated
from Hardy-Weinberg expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency. The microsatellite markers have also been proved as informative
genetic markers for other 15 Lycopodium species. 相似文献
15.
Jung-Ro Lee Gi-Yun Hong Anupam Dixit Jong-Wook Chung Kyung-Ho Ma Jae-Hak Lee Hee-Kyoung Kang Yang-Hee Cho Jae-Gyun Gwag Yong-Jin Park 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(1):243-246
The present study reports isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Amaranthus hypochondriacus. A total of 92 alleles were detected across the 20 accessions, with an average of 7.7 alleles per locus. The observed (H
O
) and expected (H
E
) heterozygosity values ranged from 0 to 0.95 and from 0.49 to 0.92, respectively. At significance threshold (P < 0.05), nine loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), whereas significant linkage disequilibria (LD) were observed
between five pairs of loci. The 12 loci were successfully amplified in 18 other amaranth species representing cultivated grain
and vegetable species, their putative progenitors and wild species. These results demonstrate wide potential applicability
of these markers for the study of intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity as well as evolutionary relationships among
cultivated and wild amaranths. 相似文献
16.
Sinadoxa corydalifolia is the only species of Sinadoxa (Adoxaceae) with the aberrant morphology. This species has become extremely endangered in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. To
provide a population-level genetic profile for investigation and conservation of genetic diversity of this species, we developed
10 new microsatellite loci for this species by the combining biotin capture method. About 31 microsatellites were screened
from the library, 10 of the screened microsatellites are polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus in 18 individuals ranged
from 3 to 11, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.3071 to 0.6243 and from 0.1675 to 0.4357,
respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests of these primers in another species of the Adoxaceae: Adoxa moschatellina and found 9 of 10 successfully amplified the targeted sequences. These newly developed loci provide a useful tool to investigate
the genetic diversity and design the conversation measures of S. corydalifolia and study the genetic divergence and the initial speciation pattern between it and the related species in the Adoxaceae. 相似文献
17.
Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in Europe. However, very little is known about genetic
diversity and structuring of noble crayfish populations, mainly because of the lack of informative genetic markers. We describe
the isolation and characterization of the first microsatellite markers for this species, which were obtained by screening
4,000 recombinant clones. Eight loci revealed polymorphisms in a panel of 172 individuals from seven populations in Northern
Europe. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10 (average 4.4) and heterozygosity levels among populations varied
from 0 to 0.80 for H
o and from 0 to 0.72 for H
e. 相似文献
18.
Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were obtained from the gold-striped pond frog, Pelophylax plancyi. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 13 with an average of 8.38. The observed and expected heterozygosities
(H
O and H
E) ranged from 0.533 to 0.890 and from 0.620 to 0.897, with averages of 0.686 and 0.751, respectively. In order to assess interspecific
amplification, all primer pairs were tested with the same PCR conditions on three other Pelophylax species: Pelophylax hubeiensis, Pelophylax fukienensis, Pelophylax nigromaculata and two species from the genus Hylarana and Hoplobatrachus, respectively. All of these loci can be amplified successfully in the Pelophylax species, with eight loci amplified in all species tested. 相似文献
19.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in the mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae)
Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the mosquito species Ochlerotatus caspius, using an enriched genomic library. The number of alleles per locus varied between two and 11; the expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.18 to 0.77. These microsatellite primers should prove useful for population genetic studies of this mosquito species. 相似文献
20.
Tsurng-Juhn Huang Yi-Yen Chen Yen-Ping Li Cheng-Yu Hung Tzen-Yuh Chiang Chang-Hung Chou 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(5):1389-1391
Pedicularis verticillata L. is a highly valuable herb for traditional Chinese medical treatment. In this report, 11 microsatellite loci from P. verticillata were isolated. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened in 23 samples of wild populations of P. verticillata, and eight samples from its sister P. ikomai. The number of alleles ranged from 4 to 13, and value of expected (H
E) and observed (H
0) heterozygosity was 0.62609–0.89662 and 0–0.95652, respectively. All loci were significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg
expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency, indicating a dramatic loss of genetic polymorphisms in the restrictedly distributed
species. The markers amplified well in the two species are useful for examining genetic diversity and population genetic structure,
which, in turn, can provide information for establishing conservation strategy for these endangered species. 相似文献