栀子豉汤及拆方对六种人肠道菌的影响

目的研究栀子豉汤及栀子、淡豆豉对6种人肠道菌的影响。方法从特定人的粪便中分离培养肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌和脆弱拟杆菌。分别将高、中、低浓度的栀子、淡豆豉及栀子豉汤药液加入选择性培养基中,以不加药液的培养基作为空白对照,将实验菌分别于厌氧或有氧条件下培养,计数菌落。结果不同浓度的栀子对肠杆菌的抑制率均为100.0%,淡豆豉在20%、50%、70%浓度分别使肠杆菌数量下调100.00%、53.83%和22.11%,而栀子豉汤可使肠杆菌数量维持在一定水平(104～106 CFU/g);两味药单独都表现了对肠球菌较强的抑制作用,而低、中浓度栀子豉汤则使肠球菌保持较稳定的数量;单味药及复方对产气荚膜梭菌和双歧杆菌敏感性较弱;栀子对脆弱拟杆菌抑制作用最强,而淡豆豉和栀子豉汤则可使其数量上调约20.00%;淡豆豉、栀子豉汤和高浓度栀子对乳杆菌非常敏感,低、中浓度栀子对乳杆菌数量仅有轻微下调作用。结论栀子豉汤比单独的栀子和淡豆豉更能维持肠道菌群的相对平衡。     

一株替代粪肠球菌的 生产用芽胞杆菌筛选及其性质

摘要：目的 筛选1株能够产业化、替代粪肠球菌的芽胞杆菌。方法 从健康鸡、鸭、仔猪的粪便与肠道内容物中筛选,采用选择性培养基和耐酸耐胆盐发酵,通过耐人工肠液和人工胃液试验与粪肠球菌比较得到1株产酸能力较好的替代粪肠球菌的芽胞杆菌,并对其性质进行研究。结果 所筛选的芽胞杆菌（GY0520）对人工胃液、人工肠液有很好耐受性,90 ℃水浴15 min存活率为97%,能够产生大量有机酸,有利于提高动物机体的抗病能力及改善其生理性能,但对抗生素有一定的敏感性,不能配伍使用。结论 所筛选的芽胞杆菌能够替代粪肠球菌用于生产,为养殖业的微生态产品提高稳定性提供参考。     

模拟消化环境对益生菌制剂的影响

目的 :研究胃液及肠液的变化对益生菌制剂中活菌数量的影响 ,向服用者建议合理而有效的服用方式。方法 :采用四种益生菌制剂 ,溶于不同 p H值的人工胃液和人工肠液中 ,不同的时间后进行活菌计数。结果 :四种益生菌制剂在高 p H值胃液 ,短时间作用后的存活菌数均显著高于其他组中的存活菌数 (P<0 .0 5 )。在人工肠液中经过不同时间的作用后 ,在较短时间点检测到的存活菌数明显高于在较长时间点检测到的存活菌数 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :建议服用者在进餐的过程中 ,服用益生菌制剂。     

地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂的临床应用进展

整肠生是应用二十多年的地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂,已有大量的研究报道其临床有效性和安全性。地衣芽胞杆菌大量分泌种类丰富的消化酶,通过抑制肠道有害菌生长和促进有益菌增殖调节肠道菌群,并产生杆菌肽、地衣素和乙酸等生物活性物质发挥益生作用。本文总结了益生菌的益生特点,并重点分析了芽胞杆菌的益生特点,归纳了整肠生的作用机制与临床研究现状,揭示了其在肝脏疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、肠易激综合征、幽门螺旋杆菌感染以及病毒感染等疾病中的治疗作用,并对整肠生未来的临床应用方向进行了展望。     

黄牛泌乳系统正常菌群的检测

采用稀释滴种法对30头健康黄牛泌乳系统的10种主要正常菌群分四个部位(乳头、乳池、输乳管和腺泡)进行定性、定量检测。结果有6种菌群被检测出,按数量由多至少依次为棒状杆菌、乳杆菌、葡萄球菌、芽胞杆菌、双歧杆菌和肠杆菌。乳头的优势菌群为棒状杆菌、芽胞杆菌和葡萄球菌;乳池、输乳管和腺泡的优势菌群均为棒状杆菌和乳杆菌。黄牛泌乳系统各正常菌群的数量均较少,远低于其他孔道系统。     

地衣芽胞杆菌对实验性家兔阴道炎影响的研究

目的通过探讨地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂对实验性家兔细菌性阴道病的影响,恢复家兔阴道微生态平衡和正常菌群环境。方法（1）采用注射用氨苄西林和甲硝唑生理盐水溶液注入家兔阴道进行冲洗,建立家兔阴道脱污染动物模型。（2）取40只阴道脱污染家兔,其中20只接种大肠埃希菌,20只接种金黄色葡萄球菌,建立家兔阴道感染模型。（3）地衣芽胞杆菌对家兔阴道菌群失调的调整作用：采用不同浓度的地衣芽胞杆菌菌液（10^6CFU／ml、10^8CFU／ml、10^9CFU／ml）对感染家免阴道进行接种,分析和考察地衣芽胞杆菌对家兔阴道菌群失调的影响以及对家兔阴道黏膜的影响。结果（1）动物经过金黄色葡萄球菌感染,通过地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后,动物阴道内芽胞杆菌、肠杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显上升,葡萄球菌数量明显下降,自细胞数量减少,黏膜红肿减轻、分泌物减少,治疗作用明显。（2）大肠埃希菌感染动物经地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后,动物阴道内芽胞杆菌、乳杆菌数量明显上升,肠杆菌数量明显降低,白细胞数量减少,黏膜红肿消失、分泌物减少。结论地衣芽胞杆菌对实验性家兔金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌阴道炎的治疗有效。地衣芽胞杆菌与乳杆菌的作用相似,具有维持阴道菌群平衡的作用。     

鲤肠道正常菌群的研究

本实验用稀释滴种的定量方法,对淡水养殖地中健康鲤肠道内的１０种菌群进行了定性、定量分析,并对结果进行统计学处理,得到鲤肠菌群的一些生理值。结果表明鲤肠道中需氧、兼性厌氧优势菌是气单胞菌和酵母菌,厌氧优势菌是拟杆菌。对不同时间、不同温度条件下同一养殖池中鲤肠道菌群的测定结果比较表明：葡萄球菌、假单胞菌差异显著（ｐ＜０．０５）,气单胞菌、大肠杆菌、需氧芽胞杆菌、酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌差异不显著（ｐ＞０．０５）,表明该８种菌群在鲤肠道中的菌数处于相对稳定状态,属于肠道正常菌群。     

斜纹夜蛾幼虫肠道细菌分离鉴定及其功能初步分析

昆虫肠道微生物对其寄主的生长发育、营养代谢、免疫以及农药抗性等方面都发挥着重要作用。为研究斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫肠道细菌的多样性,并为其功能验证做准备,本文利用传统微生物分离纯培养方法从斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫肠道中共分离鉴定得到10株细菌,分别为属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudomonas denitrificans),不动细菌(Acinetobacter sp.),肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)和肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.);属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的鸡葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus gallinarum),蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcus mundtii),蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)以及放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的微杆菌(Microbacteriums sp.)和乳酪棒杆菌(Corynebacterium casei)。变形菌门和厚壁菌门是斜纹夜蛾肠道可培养细菌中的优势菌群。功能验证实验表明肠杆菌具备纤维素降解能力,微杆菌具备很强的苯酚降解能力。本研究为未来深入研究斜纹夜蛾肠道微生物的功能提供了方向和菌株材料。     

地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对 DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的调节作用

目的探索地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的缓解作用和可能机制,为临床疾病的治疗提供新思路。方法用BALB/C雌性小鼠构建动物模型,将30只小鼠分为CON组、DSS组和BL组,每组10只,除CON组外,其余两组均给予3%(m/v)DSS自由饮用,并给予地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516干预。第8天摘眼球处死小鼠,取血、结肠、粪便样本。以ELISA法检测小鼠血清和结肠研磨液中的细胞因子。用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)方法分析小鼠肠道菌群结构。结果 DSS组小鼠血清IL-10及结肠MPO水平均与CON组有明显差异,地衣芽胞杆菌干预后有不同程度改变;使用非加权成对算术平均算法(UPGMA)对PCR-DGGE图谱中各泳道条带类型聚类分析结果显示各组小鼠结肠菌群结构具有显著差异,其中BL组增加双歧杆菌属Bifidobacterium saguini及疣微菌门的噬黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)数量。结论地衣芽胞杆菌可以有效改善DSS诱导的结肠炎症状,其作用机制与肠屏障功能和肠道菌群的调节有密切关系。     

地衣芽胞杆菌活菌制剂(整肠生)治疗肠道菌群失调56例报告

1 对象与方法 1.1 整肠生药性为地衣芽胞杆菌微生态制剂,通过以菌制菌的方法,利用地衣芽胞杆菌具有拮抗肠道致病菌,进入肠道后并且有生物夺氧,造成肠道低氧,促进生理性有益菌增长,以调节人体肠道的微生态环境,进而发挥生物学活力,起防病治病作用.     

Investigating the properties of bio-chemical networks of artificial organisms with opposing behaviours

Organisms, be it singled-celled organisms or multi-cellular organisms, are constantly faced with opposing objectives requiring different sets of behaviours. These behaviours can be classified into two, predatory behaviours or anti-prey behaviours, with one set of behaviours causing an opposite effect to the other. A healthy organism aims to achieve its equilibrium state or to be in homeostasis. Homeostasis is achieved when a balance between the two opposing behaviours is created and maintained. This raises some questions: is there an innate mechanism that encodes for these categories of behaviours? Is there also an innate mechanism(s) that resolves conflicts and allows switching between these two opposing behaviours? If we consider artificial organisms as single-celled organisms, how do the organisms’ gene regulatory network, metabolic network and/or signalling network (their biochemical networks) maintain homeostasis of the organisms? This paper investigates the properties of the networks of best evolved artificial organisms, in order to help answer these questions, and guide the evolutionary development of controllers for artificial systems.     

The role of 'hidden preferences' in the artificial co-evolution of symmetrical signals

Recently, within the biology literature, there has been some interest in exploring the evolutionary function of animal displays through computer simulations of evolutionary processes. Here we provide a critique of an exploration of the evolutionary function of complex symmetrical displays. We investigate the hypothesis that complex symmetrical signal form is the product of a ''hidden preference'' inherent in all sensory systems (i.e. a universal sensory bias). Through extending previous work and relaxing its assumptions we reveal that the posited ''hidden preference'' for complex symmetry is in reality a preference for homogeneity. The resulting implications for further accounts of the evolutionary function of complex symmetrical patterning are considered.     

细菌纤维素在生物医学材料中应用的研究进展

细菌纤维素是一种天然的生物高聚物,具有生物活性、生物可降解性、生物适应性,具有独特的物理、化学和机械性能,例如高的结晶度、高的持水性、超细纳米纤维网络、高抗张强度和弹性模量等,因而成为近来国际上新型生物医学材料的研究热点。本文概括了细菌纤维素的性质、研究历史以及在生物医学材料上的应用,重点阐述了细菌纤维素在组织工程支架、人工血管、人工皮肤和治疗皮肤损伤方面的应用以及当前研究现状。     

植物人工种子的研究

本文介绍了人工种子研究的进展及人工种子的包埋方法和有关从体细胞胚转变为小植株的问题。     

An experimental study of vascular dynamics by an acceleration plethysmogram using artificial circulation devices

Plethysmogram has been widely known as a conventional non-invasive simple method to obtain information on peripheral circulatory kinetics. We made a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the various circulatory parameters, using the simple conventional measurement method of treating acceleration plethysmograms (the second derivatives of digital plethysmograms) as indicators of peripheral circulation kinetics. We designed a prototype model peripheral circulatory circuit, using an artificial heart, for the purpose of clarifying the relationship between physical factors and plethysmograms. In our models of the peripheral circulatory system, we made use of various types of matching silicon tubes, as well as canine carotid arteries, as substitutes for human arteries. We evaluated the mechanical characteristics, such as the pressure and volume characteristics of the silicon tubes and canine carotid arteries. Plethysmogram alterations were measured using a photoelectric digital plethysmogram. When we examined the acceleration plethysmogram b/a values, which indicate blood vessel extensibility and hardness, and the d/a values, which we were able to use as an index of peripheral circulatory kinetics, it was clear from out model testing that canine carotid arteries displayed b/a values that were closest to those found in the human fingertip; among artificial tubes, the closest was a tube with a diameter of 4 mm (0.18 mm in thickness). The b/a values of all types of tubes declined when the compliance of the arterial system was increased, and it was confirmed through model testing that b/a values are an indicator of blood vessel extensibility.     

重建组织工程化皮肤生物学功能研究

皮肤是人体最大的器官,易受到内外异常因素的损害而导致各种创伤。组织工程化皮肤为促进皮肤创伤修复起了很大的作用,但由于组织工程化皮肤只具备生理皮肤的相似结构,不具备其正常生物学功能,不能实现患者对皮肤创伤实现“完美愈合”的理想,难以广泛应用于临床。因此,构建具有生物学功能的理想人工皮肤是皮肤组织工程研究的重要课题。总结了当前组织工程化皮肤的缺陷,提出构建具有生物学功能人工皮肤的策略。     

Advancing structural biology through breakthroughs in AI

The past century has witnessed an exponential increase in our atomic-level understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms from a structural perspective, with multiple landmark achievements contributing to the field. This, coupled with recent and continuing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence methods such as AlphaFold2, and enhanced computational power, is enabling our understanding of protein structure and function at unprecedented levels of accuracy and predictivity. Here, we describe some of the major recent advances across these fields, and describe, as these technologies coalesce, the potential to utilise our enhanced knowledge of intricate cellular and molecular systems to discover novel therapeutics to alleviate human suffering.     

国产真丝涤纶血管移植物自然内皮化的研究

采用真丝涤纶人造血管行腹主动脉移植,结果显示,术后１０天吻合口管壁有较完整的纤维组织性吻合,并有内皮细胞覆盖,血管内壁有血细胞形成的一薄层血栓覆盖,１０天后开始机化学变成纤维组织,逐渐被内皮细胞覆盖,术后１个月移植血管内形成完整的内皮,但并不完善,３个月血管内皮才被一单层内皮细胞完整覆盖。     

A quest for the artificial leaf

It has been estimated that the energy captured in one hour of sunlight that reaches our planet is equivalent to annual energy production by human population globally. To efficiently capture the practically inexhaustible solar energy and convert it into high energy density solar fuels provides an attractive ‘green’ alternative to running our present day economies on rapidly depleting fossil fuels, especially in the context of ever growing global energy demand. Natural photosynthesis represents one of the most fundamental processes that sustain life on Earth. It provides nearly all the oxygen we breathe, the food we consume and fossil fuels that we so much depend on. Imitating the reactions that occur at the early stages of photosynthesis represents the main challenge in the quest for construction of an efficient, robust, self-renewing and cost-effective ‘artificial leaf’. In this review we summarize the main molecular features of the natural solar energy converters, photosystem I and photosystem II, that allow them to operate at high quantum efficiencies, and thus inspire the smart matrix design of the artificial solar-to-fuel devices. We also discuss the main challenges that face the field and overview selected recent technological advances that have tremendously accelerated the race for a fully operational artificial leaf that could serve as a viable alternative to fossil fuels for energy production.