蜂胶抗肿瘤活性及其机制的研究进展

蜂胶是蜜蜂采集植物树脂等分泌物与其上颚腺、蜡腺等分泌物混合形成的胶粘性物质,化学成分复杂,生物学活性广泛。本文对不同地理来源蜂胶的抗肿瘤活性、蜂胶中黄酮类、萜烯类、酚酸类单体成分的抗肿瘤活性,以及蜂胶及其有效活性成分在诱导细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、抗血管增生、抑制信号转导通路的活化、抗肿瘤转移、对致癌因素的防治等抗肿瘤作用机制方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为蜂胶抗肿瘤活性的进一步研究以及在抗肿瘤药物中的开发利用提供参考。     

应用于天然产物抗炎活性研究的主要细胞模型

细胞水平的活性筛选技术具有灵敏、快速、经济、高效的特点,已成为先导化合物研究中的重要工具。由于其所需样品量较小,更适合于天然产物的活性筛选。炎症是机体对于外界刺激的一种防御反应,与多种疾病的发生、发展相关。目前,利用相关细胞模型,天然产物在抗炎活性筛选、作用机制等研究方面均取得了很多进展。本文以天然产物的抗炎活性研究为切入点,综述了目前广泛用于该研究的单核/巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞以及其他主要细胞模型,从细胞主要特征、模型建立方法以及模型现实应用几个方面进行阐述,以期为具有抗炎活性的天然先导化合物的研究与开发提供一定参考。     

淫羊藿总黄酮抗衰老研究进展

抗衰老和延年益寿是近年来国内外研究的热点领域,淫羊藿被认为是一种天然抗衰老药物,其主要活性成分总黄酮发挥着重要作用,它可以通过抗氧化、抗炎、促进细胞增殖等多方面延缓衰老,故本文对淫羊藿总黄酮抗衰老作用机制及相关信号传导通路进行综述,以期为抗衰老药物的研究奠定基础。     

蜂胶的降血糖作用及其分子机制研究进展

蜂胶具有广泛的生物学活性和保健功能,降血糖作用是其最主要的生物学活性之一。本文综述了蜂胶及蜂胶中主要黄酮类化合物、酚酸类化合物等活性成分的降血糖作用,以及蜂胶的IRS-PI3K通路、PPARs转录因子、AMPK通路和抗氧化等4种可能的降血糖分子机制,旨在为蜂胶生物学活性的研究提供思路,为蜂胶产品的进一步开发提供参考。     

环烯醚萜类化合物的结构及构效关系研究进展

环烯醚萜作为一类重要有效成分,存在多种中草药中,具有抗肿瘤,抗炎,降糖等多种药理活性。环烯醚萜类化合物结构不同,则其生物活性和作用机制也不尽相同,目前国内外对环烯醚萜类化合物结构修饰及其构效关系归纳总结尚未见文献报道。因此对此类化合物结构及构效关系进行系统归纳总结,将对开发此类创新药物具有较高的研究意义。本文通过国内外广泛的文献调研,分析总结此类化合物的结构、活性、作用机制之间的关系,对此类化合物活性预测、结构优化将具有良好的促进作用,为今后开发具有更高活性的新型环烯醚萜类药物提供研究基础。     

抗炎药物用于 2 型糖尿病预防与治疗的研究进展

近年来,炎症反应在2型糖尿病发病机制中的作用受到广泛关注。流行病学和实验动物研究均证明,肥胖及其诱发的慢性炎症 与2型糖尿病有密切的关系。基于诸多临床流行病学调查及大型前瞻性研究结果,目前已形成对糖尿病胰岛素耐受性的炎症发病机制的 共识。到目前为止,多种具有抗炎作用机制的活性小分子药物已经上市或进入临床研究阶段,这些药物单独治疗或与传统降糖药物联用 均取得了令人满意的效果,显示了糖尿病抗炎治疗的前景。主要综述近年来慢性炎症在2型糖尿病发生发展过程中的分子机制以及抗炎 药物用于治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展     

丁香苷抗炎镇痛作用及部分机制研究

研究丁香苷抗炎镇痛作用及部分机制。以阿司匹林作阳性对照药,观察丁香苷对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加、角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀、棉球致大鼠肉芽肿的抗炎作用;对小鼠热板试验、醋酸扭体试验的镇痛作用;同时测定角叉菜胶致大鼠炎足炎性渗出物中的PGE2、MDA和血清中的NO、SOD,初步探讨丁香苷抗炎镇痛的部分机制。结果表明,丁香苷对急慢性炎症反应有明显抑制作用,能明显降低角叉菜胶致炎足炎性渗出物中PGE2、MDA和血清中NO含量,明显增加血清中SOD的活性。因此,丁香苷具有较强的抗炎镇痛作用,其机制可能与抑制PGE2、NO等炎症介质生成、增强自由基清除能力有关。     

姜黄素防治肾脏疾病的机制研究进展

姜黄素(curcumin)是提取于植物中的酮类天然化合物，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌等作用。因其具有不良反应少、作用靶点广泛等优点，在各种肾脏疾病如肾炎、急/慢性肾损伤、肾纤维化等中发挥保护作用，并具有改善药物或有毒物质引起的肾脏损伤、减轻化疗药物对肾脏的损害和协同放化疗抗肾脏肿瘤的作用，近年来已成为肾脏疾病治疗的研究焦点，然而其潜在的作用机制及治疗作用以及后续的临床应用仍需进一步总结和探索。本文从病理生理的角度出发，系统综述了姜黄素在各种肾脏疾病中的作用及其潜在的机制，为后续的研究以及临床应用提供线索和依据。     

利用假病毒技术研究抗HIV-1药物的作用机制

采用假病毒系统对5种具有抗HIV-1活性的天然化合物的作用机制进行研究, 建立了一种可在普通实验室进行抗HIV-1作用机理研究的实验平台。通过构建假病毒系统, 利用定量PCR实验分析感染细胞内病毒生命周期早期的特异性DNA产物, 发现5种化合物可通过不同的作用机制在早期抑制HIV-1复制。部分化合物表现出新的作用机制, 如LC-1、LC-2可抑制HIV-1的入核。通过分析药物对2种不同的逆转录病毒(HIV-1和MLV)的感染性, 发现LC-1可特异地阻断HIV-1的复制, 而对MLV无影响。同时为了检测药物是否也会在病毒的生命周期晚期有作用,利用直接转染前病毒质粒的方式进行了验证。利用以上方法, 初步确定了这几种药物的作用靶点, 构建了一个有效的抗HIV-1药物作用机理的研究平台。     

基于网络药理学的金盏银盘作用机制研究

本研究应用网络药理学方法分析和预测金盏银盘(Bidens biternata(Lour.) Merr. et Sherff.)中活性成分对应的靶点和作用机制。结合作者前期的研究结果,在收集和筛选金盏银盘中活性成分的基础上,通过TCMSP和PubChem BioActivity Analysis Service分析平台获取对应靶标;与基因本体(Gene Ontology)和信号通路(Pathway)功能富集分析相结合,构建金盏银盘的活性成分-靶点-通路作用网络,分析和探讨金盏银盘的作用机制。结果表明,数据库中筛选出绿原酸、色氨酸、芦丁、奥卡宁等金盏银盘的12个活性成分,发现其主要作用于PTDS2,TNF,TOP2A,PTPN1等58个关键靶点,638个生物学过程(涉及分子功能、细胞组成和生物过程3个部分),113条信号通路(主要包括人类疾病、信号转导、细胞过程、物质代谢等);金盏银盘有抗氧化、抗炎、护肝作用,在炎症相关疾病方面有良好的药理药效活性。通过网络药理学方法对金盏银盘活性成分进行了靶点预测,构建了网络分析图,为进一步深入实验研究金盏银盘的作用提供了参考和借鉴。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of Tetragronula species from Indonesia

Anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit inflammation, particularly those classified as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Several studies have reported that propolis has both anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the bioactive compound and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of both smooth and rough propolis from Tetragronula sp. To further identify anti-inflammatory markers in propolis, LC-MS/MS was used, and results were analyzed by Mass Lynx 4.1. Rough and smooth propolis of Tetragonula sp. were microcapsulated with maltodextrin and arabic gum. Propolis microcapsules at dose 25–200 mg/kg were applied for carrageenan-induced rat’s paw-inflammation model. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis statistical tests. LC-MS/MS experiments identified seven anti-inflammatory compounds, including [6]-dehydrogingerdione, alpha-tocopherol succinate, adhyperforin, 6-epiangustifolin, deoxypodophyllotoxin, kurarinone, and xanthoxyletin. Our results indicated that smooth propolis at 50 mg/kg inhibited inflammation to the greatest extent, followed by rough propolis at a dose of 25 mg/kg. SPM and RPM with the dose of 25 mg/kg had inflammatory inhibition value of 62.24% and 58.12%, respectively, which is comparable with the value 70.26% of sodium diclofenac with the dose of 135 mg/kg. This study suggests that propolis has the potential candidate to develop as a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug.     

The use of some nanoemulsions based on aqueous propolis and lycopene extract in the skin's protective mechanisms against UVA radiation

Background  

The use of natural products based on aqueous extract of propolis and lycopene in the skin's protective mechanisms against UVA radiation was evaluated by means of experimental acute inflammation on rat paw edema. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the harmlessness of propolis - lycopene system through evaluation of skin level changes and anti-inflammatory action. The regenerative and protective effect of the aqueous propolis and lycopene extract is based on its richness in biologically active substances such as: tocopherols, flavonoids, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, the chlorophyll pigment, all substances with strong antioxidant activity, that modify the oxidative stress, mainly by reducing the prooxidant processes and enhancing the antioxidant ones. These substances participate in the synthesis of prostaglandins and phospholipids components of cell membrane thus enhancing skin protection mechanisms.     

The effect of propolis and its components on eicosanoid production during the inflammatory response

To investigate the possible mechanism of the therapeutic action of propolis, we studied: (a) the effect of propolis, its components, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), caffeic acid (CA), quercetin and naringenin, as well as the synthetic compounds indomethacin (IM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), and a novel lipoxygenase inhibitor N,N′-dicyclohexyl-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)isourea (DCHCU) on eicosanoid production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro; (b) the effect of IM, NDGA, CA, CAPE, DCHCU and propolis on eicosanoid production during acute inflammation in vivo; and (c) the ex vivo and in vivo effect of dietary propolis on arachidonic acid metabolism. The ethanol extract of propolis suppressed prostaglandin and leukotriene generation by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and during zymosan-induced acute peritoneal inflammation in vivo. Dietary propolis significantly suppressed the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism during inflammation in vivo. CAPE was the most potent modulator of the arachidonic acid cascade among the propolis components examined.     

Antioxidant action of propolis on mouse lungs exposed to short-term cigarette smoke

Propolis is a natural product with antioxidant properties. In this study, we tested the efficacy of propolis against acute lung inflammation (ALI) caused by cigarette smoke (CS). C57BL6 male mice were exposed to CS and treated with propolis (200 mg/kg orally, CS+P) or only with propolis (P). A Control group treated with propolis was sham-smoked (Control+P). We collected the lungs for histological and biochemical analyses. We observed an increase in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in the CS group compared with the Control+P. These counts reduced in the CS+P group compared to the CS group. The treatment with propolis normalized all biochemical parameters in the CS+P group compared with the CS group, including nitrite, myeloperoxidase level, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and malondialdehyde. Additionally, TNF-α expression reduced in the CS+P group when compared with the CS group. These data imply a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role for propolis with regard to ALI caused by CS in mice.     

Propolis and some of its constituents down-regulate DNA synthesis and inflammatory cytokine production but induce TGF-beta1 production of human immune cells

Propolis, the resinous product collected by honey bees from plants, is used as folk medicine since ancient time. Recently, immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of propolis have been published. The detailed mechanisms of actions of propolis and its components on immune cells, however, are still unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of different propolis extracts, of the flavonoids hesperidin and quercetin as well as of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on basic human immune cell functions. In detail, we measured the effects on DNA synthesis and production of different types of cytokines, namely IL-1beta, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta1, of mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as of purified T lymphocytes. Our data clearly show that propolis as well as its constituents studied are capable of dose-dependently suppressing phythemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA synthesis of PBMC and T cells. Moreover, cytokines produced by monocytes/macrophages (IL-1beta, IL-12), by Th1 type (IL-2) as well as Th2 type (IL-4) lymphocytes were found to be also suppressed, whereas the production of TGF-beta1 by T regulatory cells was ascertained to be increased. These data convincingly demonstrate that propolis has a direct regulatory effect on basic functional properties of immune cells which may be mediated by the Erk2 MAP-kinase signal pathway. Thus, the bee product propolis can be considered as a powerful natural anti-inflammatory medicine influencing different types of immune-responses probably via immunoregulatory T cells.     

Antiproliferative effects of Tubi-bee propolis in glioblastoma cell lines

Propolis is a resin formed by a complex chemical composition of substances that bees collect from plants. Since ancient times, propolis has been used in folk medicine, due to its biological properties, that include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and immunomodulatory activities. Glioblastoma is the most common human brain tumor. Despite the improvements in GBM standard treatment, patients' prognosis is still very poor. The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the Tubi-bee propolis effects on human glioblastoma (U251 and U343) and fibroblast (MRC-5) cell lines. Proliferation, clonogenic capacity and apoptosis were analyzed after treatment with 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL propolis concentrations for different time periods. Additionally, glioblastoma cell lines were submitted to treatment with propolis combined with temozolomide (TMZ). Data showed an antiproliferative effect of tubi-bee propolis against glioblastoma and fibroblast cell lines. Combination of propolis with TMZ had a synergic anti-proliferative effect. Moreover, propolis caused decrease in colony formation in glioblastoma cell lines. Propolis treatment had no effects on apoptosis, demonstrating a cytostatic action. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the antitumor effect of propolis, and the study of its individual components may reveal specific molecules with antiproliferative capacity.     

蜂胶酊对金黄色葡萄球菌性阴道炎疗效观察

目的探讨蜂胶酊对小鼠阴道内致病菌抑制及调理阴道菌群的作用。方法通过感染金黄色葡萄球菌建立小鼠阴道炎模型,用10％蜂胶酊冲洗治疗去除金黄色葡萄球菌在小鼠阴道的定植。倾注培养法（37℃,48h）计数阴道分泌物的细菌总数,镜下观察阴道黏膜炎症程度。结果蜂胶酊治疗组小鼠阴道内细菌的数量明显较对照组数量减少（P〈0．05）,治疗组黏膜炎症的治愈程度显著好于对照组。结论蜂胶酊对小鼠金黄色葡萄球菌性阴道炎有较好的治疗效果。     

The beneficial effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients

Vaginal candidiasis characterized by abnormal vaginal discharge and itching usually treated by azole’s drug or nystatin; however, some results of treatment are unsatisfied and become recurrent. Propolis containing polyphenols and flavonoids is known to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. This study investigated the effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients. The subjects were women who came to the Tasik Community Health Centre met the inclusion criteria such as clinical complaint and laboratory evaluation (positive hyphae/pseudohyphae and culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium) from a vaginal swab. Evaluation of anti-candida effect of propolis was determined by clinical remission and the absence of Candida’s growth on SDA medium. Forty subjects were randomly assigned to those receiving treatment by ovule propolis (n = 20) and that treatment by nystatin (n = 20) as a control, once daily, for seven days, respectively. All methods have been approved by the Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Our results indicated no significant difference in the laboratory evaluation of patients who have treated ovule propolis compared to standard therapy. This study suggests that propolis wax has a beneficial effect to develop as an anti-candida agent for vaginal candidiasis therapy.     

Ultrastructural investigation of the protective effects of propolis on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of propolis on bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and compared these effects to prednisolone treatment. Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten: group 1 was treated with intratracheal infusion of 0.2 ml physiological saline followed by daily treatment with 0.5 ml physiological saline for 20 days. In the remaining groups (groups 2 ? 4), 5 mg/kg bleomycin was given via the trachea. Rats in group 2 were given 0.5 ml physiological saline. Rats in group 3 were treated with 100 mg/kg propolis, and 10 mg/kg prednisolone was given to rats in group 4. The treatments for all groups were continued for 20 days. On postoperative day 21, blood and lung samples were taken for biochemistry, histopathology and electron microscopy evaluation. We compared oxidative stress parameters and found lower malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, and higher total sulfhydryl levels and catalase activities for the bleomycin + propolis group than for the bleomycin and bleomycin + prednisolone groups. The highest mean fibrosis score was detected in the bleomycin group. Although the mean fibrosis scores of the bleomycin + propolis and bleomycin + prednisolone groups were not significantly different, electron microscopy revealed that propolis diminished bleomycin induced lung fibrosis more effectively than prednisolone. The effects of propolis might be due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.     

Brazilian Red Propolis Attenuates Hypertension and Renal Damage in 5/6 Renal Ablation Model

The pathogenic role of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known. Anti-inflammatories and antioxidant drugs has demonstrated significant renoprotection in experimental nephropathies. Moreover, the inclusion of natural antioxidants derived from food and herbal extracts (such as polyphenols, curcumin and lycopene) as an adjuvant therapy for slowing CKD progression has been largely tested. Brazilian propolis is a honeybee product, whose anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects have been widely shown in models of sepsis, cancer, skin irritation and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated that this compound promotes vasodilation and reduces hypertension. However, potential renoprotective effects of propolis in CKD have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a subtype of Brazilian propolis, the Red Propolis (RP), in the 5/6 renal ablation model (Nx). Adult male Wistar rats underwent Nx and were divided into untreated (Nx) and RP-treated (Nx+RP) groups, after 30 days of surgery; when rats already exhibited marked hypertension and proteinuria. Animals were observed for 90 days from the surgery day, when Nx+RP group showed significant reduction of hypertension, proteinuria, serum creatinine retention, glomerulosclerosis, renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress, compared to age-matched untreated Nx rats, which worsened progressively over time. In conclusion, RP treatment attenuated hypertension and structural renal damage in Nx model. Reduction of renal inflammation and oxidative stress could be a plausible mechanism to explain this renoprotection.