口腔链球菌摄取生物素与口内白色念珠菌生长的关系

为了探讨口腔细菌生态平衡机制,本文体外检测了４株口腔链球菌（Ｓ．ｓａｌｉｖａｒｉｕｓ,Ｓ．ｓａｎｇｕｉｓ,Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓ和Ｓ．ｍｉｔｉｏｒ）和白色念珠菌生长对生物素的依赖性。结果显示白色念珠菌和口腔链球菌的生长绝对依赖生物素,前者最大半数生长需要生物素约１０ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ,其最大生长率所需生物素约为１００ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ;而后者最大半数生长需生物素为５２５ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ。正常人血清和唾液中生物素的含量约为２１２２９４ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ。生物素饥饿状态下的白色念珠菌和口腔链球菌,以及唾液离心沉淀物（绝大多数为细菌）摄取生物素具温度依赖性,而代谢抑制剂（叠氮化合物、氰化物和醋酸碘）和某些抗生素（杆菌肽、短杆菌肽、万古霉素和二性霉素）具选择性抑制效应,提示生物素的摄取和跨膜转运是一依赖能量的主动过程。用唾液沉淀物和口腔链球菌吸收培养基中的生物素或与白色念珠菌共同培养,显著抑制白色念珠菌的生长。本文首次提供实验证据显示口腔优势菌可能通过竞争生物素等营养成份,抑制白色念珠菌生长,以维持口腔微生物之生态平衡。     

口腔链球菌摄取生物素与口内白色念球菌生长的关系

为了探讨口腔细菌生态平衡机制，本文体外检测了４株口腔链球菌（Ｓ．ｓａｌｉｖｅｒｉｕｓ，Ｓ．ｓａｎｇｕｉｓ，Ｓ．ｍｕｔａｎｓ和Ｓ．ｍｉｔｉｏｒ）和白色念珠菌生长对生物素的依赖性。结果显示白色念球菌和口腔链球菌的生长绝对依赖生物素，前者最大半数生长需要生物素约１０ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ，其最大生长率所需生长素约为１００ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ；而后者最大半数生物素为５－２５ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ。正常人血清和唾液中生物素的含量约为２     

白色念珠菌摄取生物素的机制研究

本文进一步实验显示处于生物素饥饿状态的白色念珠菌摄取生物素具可饱合性和特异性。从饱合曲线测算出主动摄入生物素的半数最大初速率（１／２Ｖｍａｘ）所需生物素浓度,即Ｋｍ值为０７９±０１１（平均数±标准差,ｎ＝８）;叠氮钠（５ｍＭｏｌ／Ｌ）处理后,其Ｋｍ值增到２３９±０６４μｍＭｏｌ／Ｌ（平均数±标准差,ｎ＝３）。生物素之结构同源分子,如脱硫生物素、生物胞素、甲基酯生物素和对硝基苯酯生物素等竞争性抑制其主动摄取生物素,但是２亚氨基生物素却完全无抑制作用。在生物素摄入充足的白色念珠菌（在含２０ｎＭｏｌ／Ｌ生物素的培养基中生长）,生物素主要通过简单的弥散方式进入菌体内。由于血清中的生物素含量在ｐＭｏｌ／Ｌ到几个ｎＭｏｌ／Ｌ之间,白色念珠菌在体内可能通过主动摄取生物素机制满足其营养代谢需求。本研究为发展抗白色念珠菌新举措可能提供某种理论基础     

HPLC-DAD和LC-MS/MS法对各种芦荟样品中蒽醌类成分的分析研究

采用HPLC-DAD和LC-MS／MS对各种芦荟样品中蒽醌类成分进行鉴定,在此基础上建立了同时测定各种芦荟样品中芦荟苷与芦荟大黄素含量的方法。采用Nucleodur-silica色谱柱（250mm＊4．6mm,5μm）,流动相A为甲醇-醋酸（500：1．70）,B为水．醋酸（500：1．70）,梯度洗脱,流速1．0mL／min,DAD扫描波长范围为190～370nm,紫外检测波长为254和356nm。质谱离子源为ESI,采用全扫描一级质谱和选择离子全扫描二级质谱两种方式同时测定。结果表明：各种芦荟样品中主要的蒽醌类成分为芦荟苷A、B与芦荟大黄素,未检测到大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚;芦荟干粉中所含的芦荟苷含量最高。该法准确、可靠、重现性好,可行性高。     

用免疫单扩散法测定低pH静注丙球IgG含量及其影响因素初探

本文报道了低ＰＨ值注丙球ＩｇＧ含量测定免疫单扩散法的建立,并对其影响因素进行了初步试验。结果表明,试验方法较为稳定,简单易行。在低ＰＨ静注丙球ＩｇＧ含量检测时,进口Ｓｉｇｍａ琼脂糖效果优于国产琼脂糖（Ｐ〈０．０１）,国产（东海）琼脂糖不适于ＩｇＧ含量的定量检测;应先将静注丙球ＰＨ调至中性后进行ＩｇＧ含量测定（Ｐ〈０．０５）样品中含有的１０％麦芽糖对试验结果无影响（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

高灵敏度电化学发光PCR方法检测基因点突变研究

近年来发展了一种用于定量检测基因点突变的电化学发光PCR方法。该法采用三联吡啶钌标记的上游引物和生物素标记的下游引物对待测基因进行PCR扩增;随后,采用特定的限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行酶切,由于野生型样品和突变型样品间存在酶切位点的变化,其中只有一种基因型样品能被切断;通过生物素与链霉亲和素包被的磁珠连接,将生物素标记的DNA片段收集到样品池中;进行电化学发光检测,通过所得信号的有无可以判断其基因型。我们分别将该法用于Presenilin-1基因和H-ras癌基因的点突变检测,结果均可明显区分突变型样品和野生型样品。该法具有灵敏、快速、简便、安全等优点,是一种实用的基因点突变检测方法。     

利用异硫氰酸荧光素标记亲合素荧光法测定生物素含量

利用异硫氰酸荧光素标记亲合素与生物素反应能引起荧光强度增强,在一定范围内,生物素与荧光强度存在一定函数关系。该方法灵敏度高（０．５ｎｇＶＨ／ｍｌ）、测定范围为５．０～６０．０ｎｇＶＨ／５ｍｌ。大孔吸附树脂对玉米浆,谷氨酸发酵液进行预处理,其生物素的回收率达９０％。     

生物素化荧光素酶的克隆表达及其固定化研究

为了在体内实现萤火虫荧光素酶的生物素酰化修饰,我们将大肠杆菌中编码生物素羧基载体蛋白（biotin carboxyl carrier protein,BCCP）C端87个氨基酸的功能域基因融合到萤火虫(Pyrocoelia pectoralis)荧光素酶cDNA的末端。经大肠杆菌生物素合成酶（biotin holoenzyme synthetase）的催化,生物素与BCCP上特定的赖氨酸（Lys）残基共价结合,由此与BCCP融合的萤火虫荧光素酶间接实现了生物素化的修饰。利用生物素与配体亲和素或链霉亲和素的特异性耦合,可以将荧光素酶固定到亲和素或链霉亲和素包被的磁珠上,从而使荧光检测的应用更加灵活和方便。本文将就生物素化荧光素酶的克隆、表达以及功能检测进行具体讨论。     

土壤含硒量极高极低地区黄豆中硒的含量及其在不同组分中的分布

分别从湖北省的恩施（高硒）、北京（中硒）、吉林省的延边和甘肃省的天水（低硒）采集黄豆样品,用两套独立的连续化学提取法提取低分子量化合物、脂类、核酸、蛋白及多糖等组分并测定其硒含量,研究了黄豆不同结合态硒含量的分布规律。结果表明：土壤中硒含量高低悬殊地区黄豆的硒含量相应高低不等,但其中硒在不同结合态中的分布没有系统差异。蛋白结合的硒量占黄豆硒总量的５０％～６６％以上,其中水溶蛋白结合硒量达４２．６％～５６．７％,为优势硒结合形态。同时发现丙酮溶解的脂肪部分不含硒,但脂蛋白、核酸和多糖组分含有硒。样品的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分析结果还表明恩施高硒地区黄豆中的蛋白质和氨基酸含量相对较高。     

白刺链霉菌（Streptomyces albospinus）CT205产环己酰亚胺含量测定方法的建立

建立白刺链霉菌（Streptomyces albospinus）CT205代谢产环己酰亚胺含量的检测方法,为菌株CT205的开发利用提供技术支持。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、生物活性法和分光光度法等三种检测手段分别测定菌株CT205发酵上清液及粗提物中活性物质环己酰亚胺(Cycloheximide)的含量。三种方法测定环己酰亚胺标准品均具有较好的线性关系,其中相关系数R²_HPLC法（0.999 2）>R²_{生物活性法}（0.993 7）≈R²_{分光光度法}（0.996 5）。HPLC法及生物活性法分别测定CT205发酵液及粗提物中活性物质含量分别为72.87、1 555.70及66.15、1 259.00μg/mL,HPLC法与生物活性法测定的发酵上清液中活性物质含量误差在+6.72 μg/mL。HPLC检测方法的准确性及灵敏度均高于生物活性法,适用于样品含量的准确测定,生物活性法适用于菌株诱变筛选及条件优化实验产生的大批量样品的测定及比较,分光光度法不适用检测杂质含量较多的样品。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various