西双版纳热带雨林蚁科昆虫区系分析

在西双版纳热带雨林已鉴定蚊科昆虫９亚科７６属２６７种。西双版纳地区的蚂蚁区系以热带至亚热带分布的东洋界成分最为丰富。在属级水平上,与马来西亚界关系最为密切。与澳洲界关系较密切;与非洲界和马拉加西界的关系知中。与新北界,新热带界和古北界的关系最为疏远。可见西双版纳的蚂蚁区系具有典型的热带亚洲起源特征,同时与澳洲和非洲的热带区系有一定的渊源关系。     

中国西北地区蚂蚁区系特征

于1997－2000年对宁夏、甘肃、青海及内蒙古西北部地区进行了系统的蚁类标本采集,获得标本1000余号,并对其进行了系统的分类鉴定,获得蚂蚁3亚科16属79种。本调查区蚁类区系组成呈现以下特征：古北界分布的有15属,代表属为蚁属、红蚁属、毛蚁属、原蚁属、箭蚁属、收获蚁属等;东洋界分布的有9属,代表属为火蚁属、细胸蚁属、酸臭蚁属、光胸臭蚁属和弓背蚁属等;在种级水平上,古北界分布的有79种,东洋界分布的仅17种。蒙新区分布的成分有15属,其中以铺道蚁属、原蚁属及箭蚁属为主体,蚁属和心结蚁属次之;区分布的成分有4属,以蚁属和毛蚁属为主体;东北区分布的成分有5属,蚁属和毛蚁属为主体;华北区分布的成分有15属,其中以蚁属、红蚁属和毛蚁属为主体,仅心结蚁属无分布;华中区、华南区和西南区分布的成分均不明显。在种级水平,华北区和蒙新区分布的成分为主体,分别占51和49种,其次为华中区、青藏区和东北区的成分,分别占17、15和15种,华南区和西南区的成分最少,分别为8和5种。在区系分类的基础上,根据优势种、特有种,并结合植被、地形、地貌将调查区划分为6个蚁类区：黄土高原蚁类区、荒漠蚁类区（其下设4个蚁类亚区;荒化草原蚁类亚区、草原化茺蚁类亚区、典型荒蚁类亚区和荒漠绿洲蚁类亚区）、荒漠沼泽蚁类区、高寒灌草丛蚁类区、贺兰山蚁为区和六盘山蚁类区。利用主成分分析对不同草原类型的蚂蚁群落进行了相似性分析,结果表明：荒漠化草原群落、草原化荒漠群落、典型荒漠群落和荒漠绿洲群落明显靠近,构成荒类集团,荒漠森林草原（贺兰山）群落明显远离于荒漠类群,反而与典型草原（黄土高原区）群落靠近,这与蚁类区划结果是十分吻合的。此外,利用主成分分析对79种蚂蚁划分为10个生态种组。     

青藏高原丽蝇科昆虫物种多样性初探

本文从种数、特有物种和区系构成等角度分析了青藏高原丽蝇科昆虫的物种多样性。青藏高原已知丽蝇5亚科35属120种,占中国已知种数的44.28%,其中特有种55种,占该地区总种数的45.83%;区系构成以特有种、古北界 东洋界共同种及典型的东洋界种和古北界种为主,但澳洲界、新北界、非洲界和新热带界共同种也占一定比例。文中讨论了该地区特有种丰富的原因及地质历史环境对其的影响,分析了区系构成中各种区系成分的比例及形成原因。     

中国斑蚜科物种多样性及地理分布格局

从分类群的多样性、寄主植物多样性和地理分布多样性3个方面系统研究了中国斑蚜科蚜虫的物种多样性。分类群的多样性从亚科、属和种3个不同阶元进行了描述。寄主植物的多样性体现在：不同蚜虫类群寄主植物的丰富度,其中角斑蚜亚科的寄主最为丰富,包括14个科的植物;同类寄主植物上取食蚜虫的多样性,其中桦木科植物上有15个属的蚜虫取食。在地理分布上,斑蚜科在中国主要分布在古北界的4个区和东洋界的3个区,以古北界的成分占优势;而且华北区种类最为丰富,其次为东北区、华中区、华南区和蒙新区。属的分布类型可分为12种,分别为中国特有分布型、东亚特有分布型、古北界特有分布型、东洋界特有分布型、全北界分布型、全北界和澳洲界共有分布型、古北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和东洋界共有分布型、全北界和非洲界共有分布型、古北界、东洋界和非洲界共有分布型、东洋界和澳洲界共有分布型及东洋界、非洲界和澳洲界共有分布型,其中以东亚特有分布型为最丰富,有10个属;其次为全北界分布型,有7个属,同时中国的特有成分也相当高,涉及6个属。纵观整个中国斑蚜科属级阶元的分布类型,中国的斑蚜科以全北界成分为主,其次为东洋界成分。斑蚜科在中国的地理分布,由东向西,种类越来越贫乏,特别是青藏高原,种类很少;从南北向来看,以华北区为中心,向两边扩散,东北区、华南区和华中区种类都有所减少。     

北洛河流域食蚜蝇科区系分析

依据世界动物地理区划及中国动物地理区划,对北洛河流域的食蚜蝇科昆虫进行区系分析。北洛河流域在动物地理区划上隶属于古北界的华北亚区,该区分布有食蚜蝇科昆虫52种,隶属于2亚科11族29属,其中包括2个中国新纪录种和7个陕西新纪录种。其区系组成特点是：古北界有17种,占总数的32.70%,古北界和东洋界共有种有35种,占总数的67.31%。     

藏东南工布自然保护区的蚂蚁种类及分布格局

采用搜索采集法记载藏东南工布自然保护区的蚂蚁2亚科8属17种,切叶蚁亚科Myrmicinae有5属10种,蚁亚科Formicinae有3属7种,其中包括6个西藏新纪录种,1个中国新纪录种, 5个待定种.工布自然保护区的蚂蚁物种属于古北界区系,但是又与典型的古北界区系不尽相同,具有南方高海拔山地的区系特点.在9个调查点中...     

青藏高原及其毗邻地区拟步甲物种多样性与区系分析

青藏高原及其毗邻地区拟步甲共7亚科47族268属1950种(亚种),以拟步甲亚科Tenebrioninae(842种)为最多,然后依次为伪叶甲亚科Lagriinae(377种)、漠甲亚科Pimeliinae(372种)、树甲亚科Stenochiinae(143种)、菌甲亚科Diaperinae(139种)、朽木甲亚科Alleculinae(76种)和弗甲亚科Phrenapatinae(1种)。青藏高原及其毗邻地区拟步甲的区系组成突出中日界成分(54.10%),其与世界其他动物地理区系的关系以东洋界+中日界共有成分最多(17.16%),其次为古北界+撒哈拉-阿拉伯界(10.82%)。青藏高原拟步甲突出青藏区成分(62.33%),与西南区关系最直接(19.14%),蒙新区次之(7.12%)。基于青藏高原及其毗邻地区拟步甲的区系特点,讨论了其作为一个独立的动物地理区的可能性。     

中国夜蛾科昆虫区系初步研究（鳞翅目：双孔亚目）

对我国分布记载较详细的１４１０种夜蛾科昆虫区系分析结果表明：１）在世界昆虫区系中,可分为１７个分布型,以东洋界种类最多,占３５．６％;古北界种类居第二,占３３．０％;古北界和东洋界共有种类居第三,占２３．０％。２）中国夜蛾科昆虫主要由古北界种类、东洋界种类、古北界和东洋界共有种类组成,占总数的９１．７％;与澳洲界共有６７种,占４．８％;与非洲界共有５１种,占３．６％;与新北界共有２３种,占１．６％     

缟蝇科昆虫生物学和地理分布分析

本文概述了缟蝇科昆虫的生活史、食性、访花习性、栖居环境等生物学特性,并对缟蝇科属、种的地理分布进行了分析。缟蝇科在世界动物地理区的分布统计结果表明,同脉缟蝇亚科为亚世界性分布,其属级阶元在东洋界丰富度最高,其次为澳洲界;其种级阶元在东洋界最为丰富,其次为澳洲界。缟蝇亚科为世界性分布,其属级阶元在新热带界丰富度最高,并且高度特化,其次是东洋界和澳洲界;其种级阶元在新热带界最为丰富,其次为古北界和澳洲界。缟蝇科在中国动物地理区和亚区的分布统计结果显示,其属、种级阶元在华南区最为丰富;同脉缟蝇亚科的种级阶元以海南岛亚区最为丰富,其次为台湾亚区;缟蝇亚科的种级阶元在台湾亚区最为丰富,西部山地高原亚区次之。     

湖北广水大贵寺国家森林公园昆虫区系调查和多样性研究

2008年7～8月,通过对湖北广水大贵寺国家森林公园昆虫群落的种类组成和区系成分进行调查研究,共记录昆虫纲19目168科658属933种,其中东洋界成分415种,占总数的44.48%;古北界成分203种,占总数的21.76%;广布种成分315种,占总数的33.76%.表明广水大贵寺国家森林公园是以东洋界昆虫占优,广布种成分居中,并有一定量古北界昆虫组成的过渡交混型昆虫区系,其比虫资源十分丰富,包括天敌昆虫、观赏昆虫、经济昆虫等,群落稳定性良好.还据此提出了大贵寺国家森林公园可持续性发展和物种多样性保护措施.     

中国蚋类区系分布和地理区划(双翅目:蚋科)

报道我国蚋类的区系分布和地理区划,根据代表性类群的界间替代分布,对我国蚋类在东洋,古北两界的分布界限初步划线,分析表明,我国蚋类区系分布具有自北向南减弱,接壤区系的相似性和具有明显的地方性等特点,在区系分析的基础上,对我国蚋类进行三级地理区划。     

科昆虫地理分布研究初探

本文就科昆虫的起源,各亚科、族及属的分布特点进行了分析和总结;并根据各属的世界分布情况,将其分为８种类型。文中还就中国科昆虫的地理分布及特点作了初步的探讨,结果表明：在我国已知的２亚科４族２０个属中,东洋区分布的有１０个属,其中有３个属仅分布于我国;古北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北区分布的有３个属;东洋－新北区分布的有１个属;东洋－古北－新北区分布的有４个属;东洋－古北－新北－非洲区分布的有１个属。此外,科昆虫在中国的一个主要分布特点就是多数种类集中分布于华中区、华南区和西南区;而华中区则很可能是科种类的分化中心,并以此为中心向其他区扩散。     

鄂西南三个自然保护区蚁科昆虫的区系调查

星斗山自然保护区、木林子自然保护区和坪坝营自然保护区地处湖北省西南山区,地形地貌复杂,属大陆性中亚热带季风湿润气候,昆虫资源十分丰富,作者首次报道这3个自然保护区蚂蚁的种类和分布。结果表明3个自然保护区共有蚂蚁53种,隶属于5亚科,22属。在区系组成上,东洋界种类25种,占全部种类的47.1%,东洋界和古北界均有分布的种类22种,占41.5%,古北种和特有种各有3种,分别占5.6%。说明3个自然保护区的蚂蚁以东洋界为主。并分析了3个自然保护区蚂蚁的分布特征。     

常州地区蝶类资源及区系组成

在1991～2002年间,笔者对江苏常州地区蠊类资源进行了调查,共采集到蠊类64种(或亚种),隶属于8科46属。其中古北种14种,东洋种10种,古北—东洋共有种37种,广布种3种,分别占总数的21．9％、15．6％、57．8％和4．7％,表明该地区蝴蝶以古北、东洋混生种类为主要成份,并且有由古北区向东洋区过渡的特征。同时还记述了各种蝴蝶的学名和寄主。调查还发现江苏省新记录1属10种．     

Global diversity of water mites (Acari,Hydrachnidia; Arachnida) in freshwater

The Hydrachnidia (water mites) represent the most important group of the Arachnida in fresh water. Over 6,000 species have been described worldwide, representing 57 families, 81 subfamilies and more than 400 genera. The article analyzes extant water mite diversity and biogeography. Data on distribution and species richness of water mites are substantial but still far from complete. Many parts of the world are poorly investigated, Oriental and Afrotropical regions in particular. Moreover, information among different freshwater habitats is unbalanced with springs and interstitial waters disproportionately unrepresented. Therefore, more than 10,000 species could be reasonably expected to occur in inland waters worldwide. Based on available information, the Palaearctic region represents one of the better investigated areas with the highest number of species recorded (1,642 species). More than 1,000 species have been recorded in each of the Neotropical (1,305 species) and Nearctic regions (1,025 species). Known species richness is lower in Afrotropical (787 species) and Australasian (694 species) regions, and lowest in the Oriental region (554 species). The total number of genera is not correlated with species richness and is distinctly higher in the Neotropical (164 genera); genus richness is similar in the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Australasian regions (128–131 genera) and is lower in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with 110 and 94 genera, respectively. A mean number of about three genera per family occur in the Palaeartic, Nearctic and Oriental while an average of more than four genera characterizes the families of Australasian and Afrotropical regions and more than five genera those of the Neotropical. Australasian fauna is also characterized by the highest percentage of endemic genera (62%), followed by Neotropical (50.6%) and Afrotropical (47.2%) regions. Lower values are recorded for the Palaearctic (26.9%), Oriental (24.4%) and Nearctic (21.4%). The Palaearctic and Nearctic have the highest faunistic similarity, some minor affinities are also evident for the generic diversification of Holarctic and Oriental families. The faunas of Southern Hemisphere bioregions are more distinct and characterized by the presence of ancient Gondwanan clades with a regional diversification particularly evident in the Neotropics and Australasia. This scenario of water mite diversity and distribution reflect the basic vicariance pattern, isolation, phylogenetic diversification, recent climatic vicissitudes and episodes of dispersal between adjacent land masses together with extant ecological factors can be evoked to explain distribution patterns at a global scale. Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. Martens Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment     

Pugs of the tribe Eupitheciini (Lepidoptera,Geometridae): the history of study and distribution over biogeographic regions

The World fauna of the tribe Eupitheciini is the most species-rich in the family Geometridae. This tribe includes about 1900 species (almost 3000 species-group names) from 47 genera; about one third of the genera (15) are monotypic. The generic diversity of Eupitheciini is the highest in the Australian (38 genera, 11 of them endemic) and Oriental regions (32 genera, 4 endemic) and the lowest in the Neotropical Region (possibly one genus only). The faunas of different biogeographic regions can be arranged in following order by their species richness: the Palaearctic (487 species), Oriental (397), Neotropical (346), Australian (251), Afrotropical (198), and Nearctic Regions (166 species). Eupithecia is the most species-rich genus in the family Geometridae and the entire order Lepidoptera, and one of the largest genera in the whole World fauna of insects. The greatest number of species of this genus is recorded in the Palaearctic Region (466 species), where Eupithecia accounts for about 95% of the tribe Eupitheciini. The mainland of the Oriental Region (especially the Himalayas) is also very species-rich; however the proportion of the Eupithecia representatives decreases towards Malaysia, Sundaland, and the Australian Region (about 2% of the tribe). The Eupitheciini faunas have the greatest similarity at the generic level between the Oriental and Australian Regions (the Jaccard and Sørensen coefficient values being 0.62 and 0.77, respectively). The Palaearctic fauna is more similar to the Afrotropical and Oriental faunas at the genus-group level. On the whole, the fauna of the Nearctic Region is similar to that the West Palaearctic, with the exception of the fact that representatives of the genera Gymnoscelis and Chloroclystis are absent in North America, although two endemic genera Nasusina and Prorella are present. At the genus-group level, the Nearctic fauna of Eupitheciini is more similar to the Neotropical (the Jaccard and Sørensen coefficients 0.20 and 0.33, respectively) than to the Palaearctic fauna (0.17 and 0.29). The number of synonymies is very high in the tribe Eupitheciini because of the homogeneity of this group, whose species are difficult to identify without the use of elaborate anatomical techniques. Modern revisions, catalogues, surveys, and atlases on Eupitheciini are absent for many countries and large geographic regions. Revisions of pugs of the tribe Eupitheciini for some biogeographic regions are extremely difficult because of fragmentation of entomological collections including the type specimens of many species-group taxa. A large fraction of synonyms is characteristic of parts of the World with the best known faunas: Europe (64% of synonyms) and North America (39%). On the contrary, the lowest levels of synonymy are typical of the less known faunas of the regions situated at the equatorial latitudes, namely the Neotropical (9%) and Afrotropical (8%) ones.     

云南毛翅目昆虫区系研究

云南已知毛翅目昆虫２４科７７属３２１种,含云南特有种１５２种。其中东洋界分布成分占８３％,东洋－古北界东部共布成分占９％,东洋－古北界西部共布、东洋－非洲界共布和广布成分所占比例均小于４％。云南毛翅目在我国的分布以西南型（４４％）、华南型（２１％）和西南－华南共布型（９％）为主,其次为向东扩散的西南－华南－华中（５％）和华南－华中（４％）共布型。云南与毗邻省四川的毛翅目区系关系最密切,其次是西藏和     

横断山区昆虫区系初探

1981—1984年,中国科学院青藏高原科学考察队在我国西南部的横断山区进行了大规模的多学科综合考察,收集昆虫标本17万多号.横断山区特殊的自然地理条件孕育着独特的昆虫区系.种类繁庶、成分复杂,特有种,尤其高山特有种相当丰富,物种分化显著,并具有地域上的狭布性,构成本区昆虫区系特征.作者根据古北、东洋、高山特有三种主要成分的分布,试提出古北、东洋两大区系在本区的分异界线.典型东洋区系成分一般限于海拔2,800—3,000m以下地区,约与亚热带常绿阔叶林分布上线一致.