葶苈愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

为保护野生资源、实现人工栽培,本研究以葶苈(Draba nemorosa)嫩茎为材料,采用组织培养方法进行愈伤组织诱导与分化、不定芽生根与试管苗生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 2.5 mg/L是愈伤组织诱导培养和继代增殖培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L 是愈伤组织分化培养和不定芽继代增殖培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+IAA 0.6 mg/L是不定芽生根培养和生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽成活率为86.8%,定植成活率为96.4%;定植苗保持了野生葶苈的植物学性状。     

濒危物种绒毛皂荚组织培养快繁技术的初步研究

以绒毛皂荚(Gleditsia vestita Chun et How ex B.G.Li)种子为外植体,通过愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化增殖、生根和驯化移栽,建立了绒毛皂荚组织培养的快速繁殖体系。结果表明:1)绒毛皂荚子叶和胚轴在MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L+KT 0.4 mg/L+IAA 0.3 mg/L培养基上同步诱导出愈伤和芽,愈伤组织诱导率达到90.5%,同步分化率高达77.9%;2)不定芽增殖的最佳培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,培养20 d后,增殖倍数为4.0;3)MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.25 mg/L条件下,生根率高达100%,且移栽后植株长势好,成活率达90%以上。     

中药“枳壳”的组织培养与植株再生（简报）

以酸橙的茎段为外植体,进行离体再生体系研究.结果表明,培养基MS + 6-BA 1.0 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L + CH 400 mg/L适宜不定芽诱导;培养基MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ IAA 0.25 mg/L + CH 400 mg/L适宜不定芽增殖;培养基1/2MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L + IBA 2.0 mg/L生根效果较好,生根率达80%以上.     

药用植物栝楼的组织培养及其表达蛋白的分析

对栝楼的快速繁殖、愈伤组织的诱导与再分化,以及不同培养体系中天花粉蛋白的表达进行了初步研究。结果表明：栝楼茎切段的腋芽和顶芽在MS+0.5、1.0mg/L 6-BA培养基上可以快速繁殖;组织培养苗的叶片切块在MS+4.0mg/L 6-BA +0.2mg/L IAA的培养基上可形成愈伤组织,该愈伤组织在30d后再分化为绿苗,绿苗分化率为0.25苗/外植体;绿苗转移至MS+0.1mg/L NAA的培养基可100%生根;生根苗移栽至土壤中100%成活;移栽成活的栝楼在30d后长出小块根,并检测到天花粉蛋白的表达。     

三倍体毛白杨组织脱分化培养与植株体再生

采用毛白杨三倍体幼叶作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基获得了再生植株。从NAA和IAA与6-BA间进行的18个正交试验中,选择出适宜脱分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,对三倍体毛白杨愈伤组织诱导率为87.6%。5种生长素与6-BA配比的再分化培养基中,12MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 0.1mg/L对不定芽的分化诱导率可达到68.5%;MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L的培养基可使单芽直接增殖出7.4个芽。在MS+IBA 1.0mg/L的生根培养基上,试管苗的生根率可达85.7%。     

红掌的离体组织培养与快速繁殖

本研究从红掌组培的实用化生产出发,在不同激素成份及浓度水平下,以MS为基本培养基,红掌的叶片或叶柄为外植体进行组培快繁试验。实验结果表明:MS+6-BA1mg/L+2.4-D0.1mg/L为最佳诱导培养基,诱导率可达89%以上,红掌的叶片诱导效果比叶柄较为理想。最适分化培养基为:MS+BA1.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,其分化率为93%;继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA2mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,增殖系数达7.1;适合生根诱导培养基为l/2MS+NAA0.2mg/L,生根率达96.5%以上。生根苗田间移栽后成活率可达95%以上。     

活血莲组织培养与快速繁殖（简报）

以活血莲幼芽为外植体进行离体快速繁殖.结果表明,芽诱导最佳培养基为MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L;丛生芽诱导分化培养基为MS + 6-BA 1.5 mg/L + NAA 0.05 mg/L;增殖培养基为MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.05 mg/L,增殖倍数可达8～10;生根培养基为1/2MS + IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率95%,根长2～3 cm.生根苗移栽到泥炭土+少许珍珠岩的基质中,成活率可达95%.     

大花美人蕉茎尖组织培养技术研究

以大花美人蕉(Canna×generalis)根茎茎尖为外植体进行组织培养技术研究,筛选出芽诱导适宜的培养基为MS+6-BA 8.0mg/L (单位下同)+TDZ 0.03;MS+6-BA 8.0+TDZ 0.03+NAA 0.1培养基能较好地诱导分化出丛生芽,继代增殖培养中与MS+6-BA 3.0+TDZ 0.03+NAA 0.1培养基交替使用可减少畸形芽,增殖系数达1.67;适宜的生根培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0+NAA 0.5,生根率达66.67%,且植株生长健壮,移栽易成活。     

铁线莲‘Gipsy Queen’组织培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以铁线莲‘Gipsy Queen’当年生嫩茎为外植体进行组织培养与快速繁殖。在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L+5.5 g/L卡拉胶的培养基中适合愈伤组织诱导,MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6.0 g/L卡拉胶适宜不定芽分化,MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+6.5 g/L卡拉胶为最佳继代增殖培养基,1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L适合生根,红土和腐殖土1∶1的基质适宜移栽,成活率达70%。     

地涌金莲组培快繁技术研究

以地涌金莲吸芽为外植体,在MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IBA 0.5mg/L培养基上培养30d后产生幼芽;丛芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.3mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L,增殖系数达2.83以上;生根诱导最佳培养基为MS+NAA1.0mg/L,生根率达100%。移栽成活率95%以上。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.