中国淡水三角涡虫(Dugesia sp)的染色体研究(Ⅰ)

利用空气干燥法对不同产地淡水三角涡虫的染色体进行了研究。核型分析表明：河南淇县鱼泉三角涡虫(Dugesia sp)和浙江杭州龙井三角涡虫(Dugesia sp)体细胞中有16条染色体,为二倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=16=16m,均为具中部着丝粒染色体;河南济源不老泉三角涡虫(Dugesia sp)有24条染色体,为三倍体,核型公式为2n=3x=24=24m,亦全部由中部着丝粒染色体组成。上述3个产地淡水三角涡虫染色体的形态较为接近。北京樱桃沟三角涡虫(Dugesia sp)的体细胞染色体数目为24,为三倍体,核型公式为2n=3x=24=22m 2sm,由中部和亚中部着丝粒染色体组成,其中第2、4号各有一条染色体属于亚中部着丝粒染色体。研究结果表明：4个产地三角涡虫的体细胞染色体数目存在较大差异,包括二倍体(2n=2x=16)和三倍体(2n=3x=24),染色体基数属于x=8类型。     

中国云南三产地淡水三角涡虫核型分析

利用空气干燥法,对采自云南省丽江市束河古镇、保山市龙王塘和香格里拉市小中甸3产地淡水三角涡虫(Dugesia sp.)的染色体和核型进行分析,结果表明:丽江市束河古镇淡水三角涡虫体细胞的染色体数目以16条为主,为二倍体(2n=2x=16=16m);保山市龙王塘淡水三角涡虫体细胞的染色体数目以24条为主(2n=3x=24=24m),少数为16条(2n=2x=16=16m),为三倍体和为二倍体的混合倍体;值得注意的是:香格里拉市小中甸淡水三角涡虫体细胞的染色体数目以极少见的26条为主(2n=3x+2=24+2=21m+3st+2m),少数为25条(2n=3x+1=24+1=21m+3st+1m)和24条(2n=3x=24=21m+3st),为三倍性混合倍体。研究根据核型结果对上述三产地淡水三角涡虫的分类和染色体非整倍性进行了分析。     

河南省桐柏县两产地日本三角涡虫核型分析

利用空气干燥法对采自河南省桐柏县下虎山和盘古溪两产地日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)的染色体及核型进行了研究。结果表明,日本三角涡虫下虎山种群体细胞中染色体数目以16条为主,染色体基数x=8,为2倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=16=16m;日本三角涡虫盘古溪种群体细胞中染色体数目以24条为主,染色体基数x=8,为3倍体,核型公式为2n=3x=24=24m。     

中国淡水三角涡虫的核型分析

用空气干燥法对安徽肥东龙泉山、安徽滁州琅?山、云南昆明海源寺龙潭和湖北恩施龙洞河4产地淡水三角涡虫的染色体组进行研究。结果表明:云南昆明海源寺龙潭的涡虫细胞中染色体数目有16条,24条和32条共3种类型,核型公式分别为2x=2n=16=16m,2x=3n=24=24m和2x=4n=32=32m。安徽肥东龙泉山、安徽滁州琅?山和湖北恩施龙洞河的涡虫细胞中染色体数目有16条和24条两种类型,核型公式分别为2x=2n=16=16m和2x=3n=24=24m。染色体组型分析初步鉴定上述4产地淡水三角涡虫均为日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)。另外本文还对淡水三角涡虫的混倍体现象进行了探讨。     

河北3产地日本三角涡虫的染色体变异与核型多样性分析

利用空气干燥法,对采自河北省邯郸市漳河、朝阳湖和邢台市秦王湖3产地日本三角涡虫(Dugesiajaponica)染色体核型进行了研究,结果表明,日本三角涡虫漳河种群与秦王湖种群体细胞中染色体数目以16条为主(2n=2x=16=16m),分别占81.07%和68.47%,少数为24条(2n=3x=24=24m),分别占8.28%和11.71%,为二倍体和三倍体的混合倍体;日本三角涡虫朝阳湖种群体细胞中染色体数目以24条为主(2n=3x=24=24m),占64.60%,少数为16条(2n=2x=16=16m),占7.45%,为三倍体和二倍体的混合倍体。值得注意的是朝阳湖种群部分体细胞中染色体在结构上发生变异,使其核型呈现多型性。文中根据核型分析结果对上述3产地日本三角涡虫染色体及核型的多样性作了初步讨论。     

中国淡水三角涡虫（Dugesia sp．）的染色体研究Ⅲ

通过空气干燥法对中国4产地淡水三角涡虫染色体和核型进行研究.结果表明:河南省平顶山市石龙和浙江省杭州市龙泉两产地三角涡虫体细胞的染色体数目以二倍体为主(2n=2x=16),极少数为三倍体(2n=3x=24);山西省麻客沟和三叉沟两产地三角涡虫体细胞的染色体数目以三倍体为主(2n=3x=24),少数为二倍体(2n=2x=16)和三倍性非整倍体(2n=3x 1=25=24 1SB).     

中国淡水三角涡虫染色体变化与生殖的关系

利用空气干燥法对淡水三角涡虫的染色体进行研究。结果表明：三角涡虫的染色体数目为n=8,2n=16,2n=24,为二倍体2n=2x=16、三倍体2n=3x=24和混合倍体2n=2x=16,2n=3x=24,有时也可见到非整倍体。以有性生殖为主的类群．有性生殖期间有性个体大量存在,生殖器官比较发达．染色体为二倍体;以无性生殖为主的类群,很少出现有性个体,染色体为三倍体;既有有性生殖又有无性生殖的类群,有性生殖期间,生殖器官发育稍差,染色体主要为混合倍体．有时出现二倍体或三倍体。本文对影响三角涡虫性成熟的因素也进行了讨论。     

中国五台山多目涡虫(涡虫纲,三肠目)染色体及核型分析

利用空气干燥法对采自山西茶铺和镇海寺的五台山多目涡虫Polycelis wutaishanica Liu,1996的核型进行分析,结果表明:五台山多目涡虫体细胞有42条染色体,为2倍体,核型公式2n=2x=42 =28m 14sm,其中28条为中部着丝粒染色体, 14条为亚中部着丝粒染色体,第1对中部着丝粒染色体明显比其它染色体长。五台山多目涡虫的核型属于2C型。     

山东昆嵛山细形山地涡虫染色体组型的研究

首次报道了胶东半岛昆嵛山细形山地涡虫Phagocata vivida的形态特征,运用组织再生的方法获得中期分裂相分析了体细胞染色体组型,其2倍体细胞具有36条染色体,核型公式为:2n=2x=10m+26sm,并与产于日本的细形山地涡虫核型进行了比较,发现二者染色体数目相同,但核型参数存在一定差别.     

五叶风藤茎尖梁色体核型分析

用五叶风藤（Holboellia fargesii Reaub）茎染色体制片,研究其染色体组型,结果表明：五叶风藤的染色体组型的公式为2n=2x=16=12m 4sm,染色体基数x=8,第4号染色体上有一对染色体随体,核型为2B类型,其中2n=4x=32=24m 8sm的四倍性细胞相当普遍。     

三倍体短葶飞蓬的发现及其在育种上的意义

对云南省野生居群的短葶飞蓬有丝分裂的细胞学特征进行观察研究。在云南省大理苍山、腾冲杨家坪的二倍体野生居群中,发现有三倍体个体的存在。苍山居群的两种核型分别为2n=2x=18=4m 10sm 4st,2n=3x=27=6m 12sm 9st;杨家坪居群的两种核型分别为2n=2x=18=6m 10sm 2st,2n=3x=27=3m 15sm 9st。通过对其生物学特性及表型的分析,认为短葶飞蓬可以采取多倍体育种方式获得更优良的品种。     

A review of chromosomal variation in Dugesia japonica and D. ryukyuensis in the Far East

The chromosome numbers of Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, 1964, are n = 8, 2x = 16 and 3x = 24; those of Dugesia ryukyuensis Kawakatsu, 1976, are n = 7, 2x = 14 and 3x = 21. The karyotypes of both species include diploid, triploid and mixoploid; aneuploidic and mixoaneuploidic karyotypes may occur. In 785 specimens studied of D. japonica, the occurrence rates of specimens having each karyotype are substantially the same (29–37%). Diploid sexual specimens represented nearly 10% of the total and virtually no triploid or mixoploid sexual specimens were found. The diploid karyotype can be inherited by both sexual and asexual reproduction; the triploid and mixoploid karyotypes will be inherited only by asexual reproduction. In 51 specimens studied of D. ryukyuensis, the different karyotypes are diploid (ca 39%), triploid (ca 57%) and mixoploid (ca 4%). Diploid sexual specimens represented nearly 25% of the total; sexual specimens with tripooidic karyotypes made up nearly 27%. The diploid, triploid and mixoploid karyotypes were also found in juveniles hatched from cocoons. The diploid karytyype is inherited by both sexual and asexual reproductions; the other karyotypes may be inherited by parthenogenesis or self-fertilization (including pseudogamy) and asexual reproduction.     

Cytotaxonomy of Dubyaea glaucescens (Compositae–Cichorieae)

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Dubyaea glaucescens (Compositae–Cichorieae) should be transferred to the genus Faberia as F. glaucescens. Here, we present cytological evidence for this transfer. Dubyaea glaucescens comprises two ploidy levels, 2n = 34 (diploid) and 2n = 51 (triploid), making the basic chromosome number x = 17. The chromosomes vary in length from 5.82 μm to 2.11 μm, and the karyotypes are 2n = 20m + 14sm (3sat) for the diploid cytotype and 2n = 30m + 21sm (3sat) for the triploid cytotype. Karyological characters of D. glaucescens, including chromosome number, size, morphology, and karyotype asymmetry, all agree remarkably with those reported previously in Faberia, but are distinct from those in other species of Dubyaea. The transfer of D. glaucescens to Faberia is thus strongly corroborated.     

Evaluation of BC2 progenies derived from 3x-2x and 3x-4x crosses of Lilium hybrids: a GISH analysis

An allotriploid (ALA, 2n=3 x=36) BC(1) plant was obtained by backcrossing a diploid F(1) interspecific hybrid (LA, 2n=2 x=24), derived from a Lilium longiflorum (L genome) and an Asiatic hybrid (A genome), to the latter parent. This allotriploid was backcrossed to a diploid Asiatic hybrid (2n=2 x=24) and to an allotetraploid (LLAA, 2n=4 x=48) LA hybrid. A total of 25 plants of these crosses were examined for ploidy level, and 12 individuals were analyzed for their genome constitution through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In most cases the progenies from the triploid-diploid (3 x-2 x) crosses consisted of aneuploids. Further more, there was evidence for the formation of near-haploid (x=12+2) to triploid (3 x=36) gametes in the allotriploid BC(1) plant. The progenies of triploid-tetraploid (3 x-4 x) cross also consisted of mostly aneuploids but in this case the triploid female parent had contributed predominantly near-triploid (2n) gametes for the origin of BC(2) progenies. The different ploidy levels observed between 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses are possibly caused by preferential fertilization or survival resulting in a different ratio of chromosome numbers between the embryo and endosperm. Though Lilium has a tetrasporic, eight-nucleate type of embryo sac formation (Fritillaria type), the observed difference between the progeny types in 3 x-2 x and 3 x-4 x crosses is comparable to that of observed in monosporic eight nucleate types (Polygonum type) that predominate in most genera of Angiosperms. An important feature of the genome constitution of the progenies was that the homoeologous recombinant chromosomes were transmitted intact from BC(1) to BC(2) progenies in variable numbers. In addition, there was evidence for the occurrence of new homoeologous recombinations in the triploid BC(1). Of the two euploid BC(2) plants one had originated through the parthenogenetic development of a 2n egg and the other had originated through indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR).     

Karyological and taxonomic studies of Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu in the Far East

A review of previous studies on the taxonomy, karyology and chorology of a polymorphic species Dugesia japonica from the Far East is presented. Two subspecies are now known: D. j. japonica (n = 8, 2x = 16, 3x = 24) and D. j. ryukyuensis (n = 7, 2x = 14, 3x = 21). An attempt has also been made to determine the definition of the B-chromosome as LB and SB and the variation of the karyotypes of both subspecies is described. Every known karyotype of D. japonica is classified into six groups (see Table 2). D. japonica from many localities has a diploid karyotype (2x), a triploid karyotype (3x) and an orthoploidic mixoploid karyotype of 2x & 3x. The origin and the karyological significance of these karyotypes are discussed.