细菌脂多糖识别系统

细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)可激活单核/巨噬细胞、内皮细胞合成和释放多种细胞因子,导致全身性炎症反应.LPS识别及跨膜信号转导是引起细胞效应的关键.在过去的几年中,有关LPS结合蛋白家族和受体系统及其作用机制的研究突飞猛进,大量研究表明LPS识别涉及复杂的蛋白质间相互作用.在此对LPS识别系统成员及其功能的最新研究进展进行综述,并详细介绍新近提出的“LPS受体激活簇”理论.     

葛根素对脂多糖导致的大鼠急性肺损伤组织中水通道蛋白-1的影响

目的:观察葛根素对脂多糖诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白-1(AQP1)表达、病理形态学、湿干比等的影响,探讨其对急性肺损伤的保护作用.方法:健康Wistar大鼠36只,采用腹腔内注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)法复制急性肺损伤动物模型.将大鼠随机分为盐酸对照组(对照组)、LPS损伤组(损伤组)和葛根素+LPS组(葛根素组).结果:光镜下见对照组肺泡结构清晰,肺泡腔及支气管腔未见明显炎细胞及渗出物.LPS组镜下可见肺组织水肿,表面可见暗红色点、片状出血,大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡间隔明显增厚,葛根素+LPS组损伤较LPS组明显减轻.LPS组湿干比较对照组增高,葛根素组湿干比较LPS组降低.LPS组AQP1蛋白表达较对照组减少,葛根素组肺组织AQP1蛋白表达较LPS组明显增加.结论:葛根素对脂多糖所致的大鼠急性肺损伤具有保护作用.     

猪胎盘脂多糖的分离纯化及其对脾淋巴细胞的诱导作用

 健康猪胎盘经酶解,提取,氯仿-正丁醇除杂蛋白与5'-磷酸二酯酶除核酸,再经透析,乙醇沉淀,DEAE-Dextran-Gel A-25层析制得纯品猪胎盘脂多糖(简称P-脂多糖)。分析结果表明,P-脂多糖是一种类酸性粘多糖与脂质的共价结合物,分子量约为75kD,分子中含11种单糖组成,其中半乳糖含量最高,其次为岩藻糖,氨基已糖和已糖醛酸。体外实验发现P-脂多糖能明显诱导小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖,强烈地促进淋巴细胞的DNA合成,刺激指数约为9.3,最适刺激浓度50～60μg/mL,最适刺激时间48小时,同时能明显促进淋巴细胞的蛋白质合成。实验还证实,P-脂多糖对脾淋巴细胞的增殖诱导作用并不是通过依赖于白间素-2(IL-2)途径,而是通过增强淋巴细胞IgM的表达,表明P-脂多糖是一种促B-淋巴细胞分裂剂。     

气管内反复滴入脂多糖法建立大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型

目的评价脂多糖(LPS)诱发大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)模型的可行性。方法气管内滴入脂多糖或生理盐水,每周1次,共8周。测定大鼠的气道阻力(RL)和肺动态顺应性(Cdyn),计数大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数及分类,肺组织病理切片行HE和AB-PAS染色,并测定肺组织粘蛋白(MUC5AC)的含量。结果模型组大鼠RL明显升高(87.5%),Cdyn显著下降(16.4%);BALF中白细胞总数及分类中的中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞数均明显高于对照组;光镜下可见病变呈慢性支气管炎及肺气肿样改变。结论反复气管内滴入LPS可用于制备大鼠COPD模型,其肺功能、BALF细胞学及病理学改变符合人类COPD表现,可以用于实验研究。     

人脂多糖结合蛋白基因的克隆及序列测定

采用PCR技术,从人肝cDNA文库中扩增获得了1.5 kb的脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）的全长基因.序列分析表明,克隆的LBP基因编码的氨基酸序列与文献报道相同.     

基于BLI技术的脂多糖转运蛋白LptA/LptC相互作用检测方法的建立

革兰阴性菌脂多糖转运蛋白 (Lipopolysaccharide transport,Lpt) LptA和LptC通过稳定的相互作用对脂多糖装配起到重要作用,它们相互作用的阻断会导致脂多糖层缺损和菌体死亡,因此具备成为抗菌药物筛选靶标的可行性。文中应用生物膜干涉 (Biolayer interferometry,BLI) 技术对LptA/LptC相互作用进行检测,为建立体外的LptA/LptC蛋白相互作用阻断剂筛选方法奠定基础。首先在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) 中进行大肠杆菌LptA全长、LptA去信号肽和LptC蛋白的表达;纯化的蛋白使用生物素标记后结合到预先稀释液封闭的超级链霉亲和素 (Super streptavidin,SSA) 生物传感器,然后再检测与未标记蛋白之间的结合信号,同时做无蛋白的稀释液对照;使用同样的方法检测生物素化蛋白与小分子的结合以及相互作用的阻断;空白对照采用未结合生物素化蛋白的传感器,检测上述系列稀释样品。响应信号采用稳态分析 (Steady state analysis) 方式拟合,计算样品平衡常数 (KD) 值。本研究成功获得高纯度的LptA和LptC蛋白,并且检测到结合传感器的LptC蛋白与LptA全长蛋白和LptA去信号肽蛋白均具有良好的结合活性,KD值分别为2.9e–7±7.9e–8、6.0e–7±2.8e–8;结合传感器的LptA去信号肽蛋白与LptC蛋白具有良好的结合活性,KD值为9.6e–7±7.2e–9;所有结合曲线呈现出明显的快结合-快解离形态。小分子化合物IMB-881能够与LptA结合来阻断LptA/LptC之间的相互作用,与LptC之间无结合活性。文中首次建立了基于BLI技术的LptA/LptC相互作用检测方法,并且证实该方法能够用于小分子阻断剂阻断活性的评价,为后续的LptA/LptC蛋白相互作用阻断剂筛选奠定了基础。     

依赖雄激素的大鼠储精囊分泌蛋白的离子交换层析纯化

本文报道利用阳离子交换层析,纯化了雄激素依赖的大鼠储精囊分泌蛋白(SVPⅡ、SVPⅣ、SVPⅤ_a、SVPⅤ_b及SVPⅥ)。主要纯化步骤包括下列二步:1.Sep-hadex G-100凝胶过滤;2.上样后,联合使用盐梯度和pH梯度,洗脱快速蛋白液相层析(FPLC)系统的阳离子交换柱Mono S。洗脱峰的纯度以变性条件下的聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和等电聚焦(IEF)鉴定;借此,还测定了已纯化的大鼠储精囊分泌蛋白的分子量和等电点。     

脂多糖结合蛋白及其对内毒素增敏机制的研究进展

脂多糖结合蛋白（ＬＢＰ）是近年来发现的一种能够与脂多糖（ＰＬＳ）特异性结合,并倡导机体细胞对ＬＰＳ识别、应答的调节蛋白。研究表明它可在多方面增敏内毒素刺激细胞的作用。抗ＬＢＰ的抗体可有效地减弱内毒素的毒性作用,在脓毒症的防治中可能具有一定意义。     

霍乱弧菌脂多糖基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆

利用柯斯质粒pHC 79为载体,构建了霍乱弧菌178(埃尔托生物型,小川血清型)染色体基因文库。经血清凝集试验及菌落固相ELISA检测,从基因文库中筛选到13株能够表达霍乱弧菌脂多糖O抗原的阳性克隆。经热酚水法从转化于中提取并纯化的脂多糖能与霍乱弧菌抗血清发生特异性结合。针对重组柯斯质粒PMM—VO 38进行了多种酶切分析,测定其分子量为46kb。     

细菌脂多糖及其寡糖链结构分析技术研究进展

脂多糖是大多数革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的主要成分,能诱发宿主细胞固有免疫反应,在细菌的识别、黏附、转移、致病等过程中发挥非常重要的作用.其结构组成与细菌的血清型和致病能力息息相关,因而对其结构进行精准分析,有助于研究其结构与生物效应间的关系,便于鉴别菌种和研发相关的抗生素及疫苗.由于脂多糖具有两亲性、多电荷且结构复杂等特点,为研究分析带来很多难题.本文全面归纳了细菌脂多糖分析技术的相关研究成果,阐述脂多糖及其寡糖链的提取、分离纯化及鉴定方法.     

内毒素结合肽的原核表达、纯化及生物学活性鉴定

重组人内毒素结合肽 (endotoxinbindingpeptide ,EBP)融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达 ,分离和纯化后对其进行生物学活性观察 .将构建好的PinpointⅩa3 EBP生物素融合表达载体转化大肠杆菌DH5α ,IPTG诱导表达菌株 ,亲和层析法纯化表达产物 ,因子Ⅹa(factorⅩa)切割分离内毒素结合肽 ,采用凝胶过滤和反相液相高效色谱法两步纯化 ,从相对分子质量、N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列分析等方面进行鉴定 ;利用人单核细胞U937对重组内毒素结合肽进行了生物学活性的检测 .结果发现 ,内毒素结合肽以包涵体形式存在 ,因子Ⅹa酶切融合蛋白后得到 3 5kD的内毒素结合肽 ,纯化后内毒素结合肽纯度达 99%以上 ,N端 1 0个氨基酸的分析结果与预期相符 ;初步证实内毒素结合肽具有较好的LPS结合活性 ,能够抑制LPS的作用 .经原核表达及纯化复性 ,获得了具有较好生物学活性的内毒素结合肽 ,为进一步研究其功能奠定了良好的基础     

PC12细胞APE/ref-1cDNA的克隆和表达

APE Ref 1是双功能核蛋白 ,它既能在碱基切除修复过程中切除脱嘌呤 脱嘌啶位点 ,又能促进包括AP 1、Myb和NF κB等受氧化还原调节的转录因子对DNA的结合 .从PC12细胞中抽提总RNA ,经逆转录PCR(RT PCR)扩增出APE ref 1cDNA并克隆到pQE3 1表达质粒上的BamHⅠ和PstⅠ位点间 .经测序表明 ,PC12细胞的APE ref 1cDNA以正确的阅读框架重组进入表达质粒 ,表达重组质粒pQE3 1 APE在宿主菌BL2 1中得到稳定表达 .SDS PAGE鉴定表明 ,带 6个组氨酸的融合蛋白分子量为 3 8kD ,并经Ni NTA琼脂糖亲和纯化得到电泳纯融合蛋白 .Western印迹证明重组蛋白为APE ref 1融合蛋白 .     

轮状病毒VP7基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及其免疫原性

轮状病毒是世界范围内引起婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的主要病原体。VP7是轮状病毒的主要外壳蛋白和中和抗原,是发展基因工程疫苗的首选。把包含全部3个主要抗原性区域的轮状病毒SA11 VP7基因片段以谷胱甘肽S转移酶融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌中进行表达,表达产物占菌体总蛋白的30%左右。经一步Glutathione Sepharose4B亲和纯化,重组蛋白纯度超过90%。Western blot实验表明,重组蛋白可被抗SA11的多抗特异地识别。动物实验表明,重组抗原可在小鼠和家兔体内诱导VP7特异的抗体和一定水平的SA11中和抗体。     

Expression of a Chlamydia anticarbohydrate single-chain antibody as a maltose binding fusion protein.

A single-chain antibody fragment has been constructed for an antibody that binds to the Chlamydia specific carbohydrate structure of the lipopolysaccharide. Single-chain protein was expressed and secreted into the periplasmic space of E. coli as a fusion protein with the maltose binding protein. The fusion protein was purified in one step by virtue of its ability to bind to maltose. In a sandwich ELISA, the eluted protein bound Chlamydia lipopolysaccharide, which demonstrates that the single-chain protein domain will function as part of a fusion protein. The expression of maltose binding fusion proteins into the periplasmic space could be used for production of other single-chain antibodies or protein fragments requiring appropriate folding and disulfide bond formation.     

Antibody inhibition of ferripyochelin binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelopes

A 14K molecular weight protein which has been shown to bind ferripyochelin has been purified from cell envelopes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa low iron grown cells. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was shown to be free of contamination by lipopolysaccharide or carbohydrate. Antiserum to this protein was made in rabbits and was shown to react with the purified protein by immunoblot assay. The immunoglobulin G fraction of this antiserum blocked binding of [59Fe]pyochelin to isolated cell envelopes of P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent fashion.     

Expression of aChlamydia anticarbohydrate single-chain antibody as a maltose binding fusion protein

A single-chain antibody fragment has been constructed for an antibody that binds to theChlamydia specific carbohydrate structure of the lipopolysaccharide. Single-chain protein was expressed and secreted into the periplasmic space ofE. coli as a fusion protein with the maltose binding protein. The fusion protein was purified in one step by virtue of its ability to bind to maltose. In a sandwich ELISA, the eluted protein boundChlamydia lipopolysaccharide, which demonstrates that the single-chain protein domain will function as part of a fusion protein. The expression of maltose binding fusion proteins into the periplasmic space could be used for production of other single-chain antibodies or protein fragments requiring appropriate folding and disulfide bond formation.     

人Leptin基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、纯化及其生物学活性研究

将人Leptin表达质粒pBV220-OB转化E.coliJM109,经热诱导获得了目的蛋白的表达。经SDS-PAGE鉴定分析,表达产物以包涵体形式存在,目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的40%以上。通过包涵体分离,Sephacryl S200HR凝胶和DEAE52离子交换层析及Hypersil C18柱反相色谱纯化,获得纯度在95%以上,内毒素含量小于10EU/mg的高纯度的重组人Leptin。Western-blot鉴定表明,纯化表达产物能和抗Leptin抗体特异性结合;蛋白质N端15个氨基酸序列分析结果和预期的序列一致。纯化产物经复性处理,其分子中Cys96和Cys146形成二硫键。体内活性检测显示,纯化和复性的rh-Leptin明显抑制BALB/c小鼠的进食和体重增长,提示其具有明显的生物学活性。     

Comparison of biotin binding protein of pregnant rat serum with rat serum albumin

The purified biotin binding protein of pregnant rat serum was shown to be immunologically similar to rat serum albumin as assessed by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. In radioimmunoassay for rat biotin binding protein, the binding of [¹²⁵I] rat biotin binding protein to anti-chicken egg yolk biotin binding protein antibodies was displaced by both rat serum (10–100 nl) and purified rat serum albumin (0.1–10 ng). Similarly, in radioimmunoassay for rat serum albumin the binding of [¹²⁵I] rat serum albumin to either anti-rat serum albumin antibodies or anti-chicken egg yolk biotin binding protein antibodies was displaced by unlabelled rat biotin binding protein at comparable concentration range (0·5–10 ng). Significant fractions of radioiodinated rat biotin binding protein and rat serum albumin bound to antibodies to chicken egg yolk biotin binding protein. In immature rats, the circulating half-lives of rat biotin binding protein and rat serum albumin were determined to be 12 and 17 h respectively. The rat biotin binding protein and rat serum albumin were analysed by techniques that exploit their physicochemical properties. They displayed similar electrophoretic mobilities in alkaline as well as denaturing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels. However, in nonequilibrium pH gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, they resolved clearly. In two-dimensional tryptic peptide map analysis, the two proteins showed similarities as well as significant differences in the relative distribution patterns of their iodopeptides. These results showed that the primary structure of rat biotin binding protein and rat serum albumin were different in finer details despite the fact that they shared significant immunological cross-reactivity.     

Specific saturable binding of rat high-density lipoproteins to rat kidney membranes

The binding of rat 125I-labelled high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to rat kidney membranes was studied using HDL fractions varying in their apolipoprotein E content. The apolipoprotein E/apolipoprotein A-I ratio (g/g) in the HDL fractions ranged from essentially 0 to 1.5. All these HDL preparations showed the same binding characteristics. The saturation curves, measured at 0 degrees C in the presence of 2% bovine serum albumin, consisted of two components: low-affinity non-saturable binding and high-affinity binding (Kd about 40 micrograms of HDL protein/ml). Scatchard analyses of the high-affinity binding suggest a single class of non-interacting binding sites. These sites could be purified together with the plasma membrane marker enzyme 5'-nucleotidase. The binding of rat HDL to rat kidney membranes was not sensitive to high concentrations of EDTA, relatively insensitive to pronase treatment and influenced by temperature. The specific binding of rat HDL was highest at acid pH and showed an additional optimum at pH 7.5. On a total protein basis unlabelled rat VLDL competed as effectively as unlabelled rat HDL for binding of 125I-labelled rat HDL to partially purified kidney membranes. Rat LDL, purified by chromatography on concanavalin A columns and human LDL did not compete. Unlabelled human HDL was a much weaker competitor than unlabelled rat HDL and the maximal specific binding of 125I-labelled human HDL was only 10% of the value for 125I-labelled rat HDL.