中国景天亚属的新分类群和八宝属一新组合

多年生草本,无毛。不育茎近直立,长3—5厘米,连同花茎密生叶;花茎直立或基部横卧,基部节上生有须根,长5—10厘米。叶互生,长圆形或倒卵形,长5—8毫米,宽2.5—4毫米,先端圆钝,基部具短距。花序顶生,聚伞式蝎尾状,着生多花,常8分枝,直径2—4厘米。花为不等的五基数,无梗;萼片5,三角形和宽线形,离生,不等长,长1—2.5毫米,宽0.7—1毫米,先端钝,基部具距;花瓣5,黄色,长圆状披针形,长4.5—6.5毫米,宽1—1.5毫米,先端具短尖头,基部稍合生;雄蕊10,2轮,对瓣的长2.5—3.5毫米,在基部上1毫米处着生,对萼的长3.2—4.6毫米,花药黄褐色,鳞片5,近扇形,长约0.5毫米;心皮5,卵状披针形,全长3.5—5毫米,花柱长1—1.5毫米,基部约1毫米合生,含多数胚珠。蓇葖果成熟时星状叉开,内侧具囊状隆起。种子近卵形,长约0.6毫米,被微乳头状突起。花期6—7月。产四川南川金佛山,生于海拔1200米的山坡岩石上。本种与日本景天S.japonicum Sieb.ex Miq.相近,但植株的分枝少或无;叶扁     

安徽八宝属一新种

本文报道了安徽景天科八宝属(Hylotelephium H.Ohba)一新种,即汤池八宝H.tangchiense R.X.Meng。     

山东景天属一新种

本文发表景天属一新种,胶东景天Sedum jiaodongense Y. M. Zhang et X. D. Chen, sp. nov.     

浙江景天属的新分类群

本文发表了景天属二新种,即九龙山景天,Sedum jiulungshanense Y、C.Ho,Sp.nov.;天目山景天S.tianmushanense Y.C.Ho,sp.nov.。     

中国横断山景天属新分类群

皱茎景天新亚种图1∶9—17Sedum multicaule Lindl.ssp.rugosum K.T.Fu,ssp.nov.A typo subspecici differt caulibus crassis parte inferiore corticibusin sicco rugosis, foliis parte inferiore caulis ovatis supra medium ang-uste oblongis sepalisque longe spiculatis,inflorescentiis unicis dichoto-misve,sepalis sublanceolatis vel anguste semioblongis petalis non long-ioribus aequilongis,squamis nect.transversaliter rectangularibus.     

梵净山景天——景天属一新种

报道了产于中国贵州梵净山景天属一新种——梵净山景天（Sedum fanjingshanensis C.D.Yang et X.Y.Wang）。新种与单花景天（S.correpta Fröderström）相似,但雄蕊10枚,排列成2轮而不同。该种与小山飘风（S.filipes Hemsley）亦相似,但花单生于枝顶而明显不同。     

中国景天属一些种的订正

本文对国产景天属的6种植物进行了分类订正。归并了7种1亚种和2变种,同时对中国植物志中景天属存疑种Sedum phyllanthum Levl.et Vant.和S.subtile Miq.的范围及其分类地位进行了讨论。根据对S.hsinganicum Chu ex S.H.Fu的模式标本以及S.floriferum Praeger模式标本图和模式产地标本的研究,确认二者所具性状均在S.aizoon L.的性状变异范围内,故予归并。S.onychopetalumFrod.,S.grammophyllum Frod以及S.anhuiense S.H.Fu et X.W.Wang经研究均被作为S.lineareThunb.的异名处理。S.formosanum N.E.Br.在《中国植物志》中被并入S.alfredii Hance,现恢复为独立的种。此外还报道了一个中国新记录种S.hakonense Makino。     

浙江景天属(景天科)一新种--贺氏景天

贺氏景天新种图1:1~7Sedum hoiX.F.Jin et B.Y.Ding,sp.nov.Fig.1:1-7Type:China.Zhejiang(浙江),Lin’an(临安),Tianmushan(天目山),Hengtang(横塘),on rocks un-der forests,1957-07-15,Y.Y.Ho(贺贤育)25418(Holotype,here designated,HHBG)Species affinisS·leptophylloFr     

安徽景天属一新种

多年生常绿草本。无毛。高8~25 cm。主根细长,直径1mm,有多数纤细的须根。不育枝直立,上部有分枝;叶互生,下部偶有1~2对叶对生,叶片匙状倒卵形至宽卵形,长10~14mm,宽11~15mm,基部渐狭,有短距,先端微凹。花茎直立,叶互生,线形,长8~14毫米,宽1.7~2.5mm,先端钝,基部有短距。     

Floral morphology,micromorphology and palinology of selected Sedum s.l. species (Crassulaceae)

Sedum L. (Crassulaceae) is a large and taxonomically difficult genus whose delimitation and classification are under debate. Due to the controversial results of previous cytological, morphological, and molecular studies, further investigations are needed in order to gain a shared taxonomy of the current recognized species clades. In the present paper, morphological and micromorphological features of 23 selected Mediterranean species of Sedum s.l. – collected from exsiccata or fresh specimens throughout Italy – were investigated, in order to provide additional data toward their classification above species level. In particular, the study focused on flower structure and morphology, floral epidermal surfaces and pollen morphology. The distribution pattern of the examined microcharacters across the species revealed a wide range of variation and different combinations of the single characters. NMDS analysis allowed individuating discrete groups that showed a general consistency with the current systematic delimitation of species groups. Our study also evidenced for the first time the wide morphological variability of nectaries and of the glandular indumentum, not previously investigated in detail. In addition, we proposed the combined use of floral diagrams and floral formulae as valuable tools in studying the variability of flower structure at genus level.     

安徽景天属12种植物的花粉形态研究

采用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了安徽省景天属(Sedum)12种植物的花粉结构。结果表明,景天属是一个很好的自然分类群;其花粉应属较进化的一类;并首次从孢粉学角度证实了江南景天(S.kiangnanense)、凹叶景天(S.emarginatum)同属一个自然分类群(景天属),但又确为二个不同的种。     

福建被子植物分布新记录Ⅳ

在福建省药用植物资源调查中,陆续发现了福建省被子植物地理新分布记录属及种多个,经整理鉴定,本文继续报道1个新分布记录属（南芥属Arabis）和5个新分布记录种（匍匐南芥Arabis flagellosa、凹叶景天Sedum emarginatum、藓状景天Sedum polytrichoides、四芒景天Sedum tetractinum、八宝Hylotelephium erythrostictum）.标本存放于福建中医药大学药用植物标本室。     

Chromosomes of villadia and altamiranoa (crassulaceae)

Villadia, ranging from Texas to Peru with some 25 species, has a rather distinctive thyrsoid to spicate inflorescence, and we keep it as a genus separate from Sedum. Twenty species show every gametic chromosome number from 9 to 17 and also 20-22 and higher. Chromosome pairing in hybrids shows that the species differ by many translocations and that species with 21 or lower are effectively diploid. More specialized species tend to have fewer and larger chromosomes, suggesting that through time translocations have rearranged the ancestral genome into fewer units. We suspect that relocated genes may be programmed differently, affecting phenotype. Thus Villadia is like Echeveria in having a remarkably long descending series of evidently diploid chromosome numbers. Altamiranoa, often included in Villadia, with about 15 species from Mexico south, more closely resembles Sedum in its broadly cymose inflorescence. It appears polyphyletic, with no clear boundary from Sedum, and we disperse its species in Sedum. The ten species studied have gametic numbers from 20 to 29 that probably are effectively diploid, with a few higher and probably polyploid. Again, chromosome pairing in hybrids shows that the species differ by many translocations. Putative relatives in Sedum section Leptosedum have n = 26 to 31. Thus cytologically as well as morphologically Altamiranoa has remained more similar than Villadia to its Sedum relatives.     

镉对超积累和非超积累生态型东南景天内生细菌多样性的影响

重金属胁迫对植物内生细菌群落结构的影响在很大程度上是未知的,目前也很少有研究超积累植物内生细菌的群落结构与多样性对根际土壤中重金属的响应。【目的】探索在不同镉污染水平下,超积累(HE)和非超积累生态型(NHE)东南景天的根系、茎和叶片中内生细菌的群落结构与多样性的变化及其差异性,试图从植物-内生菌之间的相互关系的角度补充解释2种生态型东南景天对有效态镉忍耐和积累能力的差异。【方法】采用Illumina新一代测序方法分析了在不同Cd~(2+)浓度土壤上生长的2种生态型东南景天根、茎和叶中的内生细菌群落结构。【结果】高浓度Cd~(2+)抑制NHE东南景天的生长,内生细菌的丰富度和多样性也降低;然而,高浓度Cd~(2+)促进HE东南景天的生长,茎和根系内生细菌的丰富度增加。在3种土壤上,2种生态型东南景天叶片、茎和根系内生细菌均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)占优势。随着土壤中Cd~(2+)浓度的增加,HE东南景天叶片中Gammaproteobacteria纲、Negativicutes纲和Clostridia纲的相对丰度显著增加,茎中Alphaproteobacteria纲的相对丰度显著增加,Clostridia纲的相对丰度显著减少;NHE东南景天叶片中Alphaproteobacteria纲、Gammaproteobacteria纲和Clostridia纲的相对丰度没有显著变化,茎中Negativicutes纲的相对丰度显著减少,根系中Betaproteobacteria纲和Clostridia纲的相对丰度显著减少,Negativicutes纲却显著增加。在高Cd~(2+)污染土壤(50mg/kg)上,HE东南景天叶片中Sphingomonas属和茎中Veillonella属的相对丰度均大于NHE,且HE东南景天根系内生细菌的第一、第二、第三优势菌Veillonella、Sphingomonas、Prevotella属细菌均没有出现在NHE东南景天根系。【结论】土壤Cd~(2+)污染水平对2种生态型东南景天叶、茎、根中的内生菌群落结构有显著影响。     

轻型屋顶绿化中景天属植物栽培基质配比研究

以国产泥炭、椰糠、珍珠岩、陶粒等为原料,进行不同配比的轻型屋顶绿化栽培基质配方研究,依据其理化性质,筛选出2种较适配方。以金叶佛甲草Sedum lineare ‘Aurea’等5种景天属植物为试材,对2种配比基质中扦插植株的生长效果进行比较,以筛选适于景天属植物屋顶绿化栽培基质。结果表明,除松塔景天S. nicaeense在2种栽培基质上生长差异不显著外,其余4种景天属植物均在配比为国产泥炭∶椰糠∶珍珠岩= 2∶3∶1的基质(F3)中生长旺盛,覆盖迅速,地上及地下部分生物量积累较大。因此,初步确定基质F3为适宜景天属植物生长的轻型屋顶绿化基质。     

The appearance of a new molecular species of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the rapid induction of CAM in Sedum telephium L.

Abstract. When detached leaves of Sedum telephium are incubated in the absence of water, a rapid switch from C₃ photosynthesis to CAM (as indicated by the onset of day-to-night fluctuations in titratable acidity. ΔH⁺) occurs within the first dark period. The C₃-CAM switch in intact plants occurs within 3 5d. Extractable activity of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) increases five-fold in intact plants during CAM induction; however, during rapid CAM induction in detached leaves, there is only a very small increase in PEPC activity. Fractionation by anion exchange chromatography of crude extracts from leaves of intact plants subjected to water deficit shows that CAM induction is associated with the appearance of a molecular species of PEPC termed PEPC I. PEPC I is barely detectable in well-watered plants which are not performing CAM. The major form in these plants is termed PEPC II. In leaves from intact plants, there is a significant positive correlation between PEPC I activity and ΔH⁺ during a period of increasing water deficit. PEPC I exhibits day to night fluctuations in malate sensitivity, being less sensitive during the dark period. In contrast, PEPC II is more sensitive to inhibition by malate and has no day to night fluctuation in sensitivity. In detached leaves deprived of water, a small increase in PEPC I capacity is detected at the end of the first dark period (20 h after the start of treatment). The results suggest that PEPC I is required for attainment of maximum nocturnal malic acid synthesis. There is a significant correlation between leaf water status (relative water content), ΔH⁺, total PEPC and PEPC I activity suggesting that the internal water status of the plant may be a trigger for CAM induction. Abscisic acid applied to detached leaves does not cause nocturnal acidification.     

Mesostructure and activity of photosynthetic apparatus for three crassulacean species grown in cold climate

A comparative study of leaf anatomy and morphology and of CO₂ exchange was conducted with Rhodiola rosea L., Hylotelephium triphyllum (Haw.) Holub., and Sedum acre L. as representative Crassulacean species occurring in the northeast European Russia. The leaf mesophyll in R. rosea was clearly differentiated into the palisade and spongy tissues, whereas the mesophyll of stonecrops (H. triphyllum and S. acre) was composed of round-shaped cells. The leaves of S. acre featured the largest volume of mesophyll cells and possessed water-retaining cells located around conducting bundles. The chloroplast volume in S. acre (50 μm³) was three times smaller and the number of chloroplasts per cell (170 cell^?1) was three times higher than in R. rosea and H. triphyllum (50–55 cell^?1). The content of chlorophylls (5–7 mg/g dry wt) and carotenoids (1.5–2.0 mg/g dry wt) in R. rosea leaves was 2–3 times higher than in leaves of stonecrops. The rate of CO₂ net uptake in Crassulacean species depended on mesostructure and correlated with the content of pigments and soluble carbohydrates. The photosynthetic rate in R. rosea under optimal irradiance and temperature attained the value of 40 mg/(g dry wt), which is 3 and 8 times higher than in H. triphyllum and S. acre, respectively. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis of R. rosea was observed at 8–18°C, while the optimum for stonecrops was shifted towards higher temperatures by 3–5°C. At chilling temperatures (5–7°C), the leaves of R. rosea retained 50% of their maximal photosynthetic rate, while photosynthetic rates in H. triphyllum and S. acre leaves lowered to 25–30% of the maximal rate. The increase in temperature to 25–30°C led to depression of CO₂ net uptake in leaves of Crassulacean species. In R. rosea and H. triphyllum, the rate of photosynthetic electron flow was depressed at high irradiances and temperatures that were supraoptimal for net photosynthesis. It is concluded that the photosynthetic apparatus of Crassulacean species is well adapted to moderate and chilling temperatures, which adjusts the plant metabolism to “life strategies” under conditions of cold climate.     

Wound healing and in vitro antiradical activity of five Sedum species grown within two sites of community importance in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

Sedum genus includes more than 400 different species, many of which having ethnobotany interest. The skin healing is one of the most common therapeutic indication of Sedum spp. In this work, for the first time, we compared five different Sedum species grown in two sites of community importance in Emilia Romagna (Italy): Sedum acre L., Sedum album L., Sedum hispanicum L., Sedum rupestre L. and Sedum sexangulare L., analysing their total phenolic and flavonoid content, their antiradical capacity and the in vitro healing activity on human keratinocytes. Total phenolic content of the five species ranged from 35.41?±?1.18 to 90.22?±?1.03?µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract, being S. rupestre the richest one. Total flavonoid content ranged from 22.39?±?0.51 to 47.93?±?2.82?µg rutin equivalent/mg of extract and S. album resulted the species with the highest flavonoid content. Antiradical capacity was found to be related to the phenolic content of the extracts. All the extracts were active in wound healing assay and each one showed different kinetic of action and concentration-activity relationship. This study proposes few investigated Sedum species grown in Italy as promising agents for skin healing and suggests further phytochemical and biological investigations.     

中国八宝属(Hylotelephium)花粉形态研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了中国八宝属（Hylotelephium)15种1变种植物的花粉结构。试图通过花粉形态的研究为八宝属的植物分类提供参考依据。