浙江景天属的新分类群

本文发表了景天属二新种,即九龙山景天,Sedum jiulungshanense Y、C.Ho,Sp.nov.;天目山景天S.tianmushanense Y.C.Ho,sp.nov.。     

大苞景天的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称大苞景天(Sedum amplibracteatum K.T.Fu),又名鸡爪七、活血草、亮杆草. 2材料类别幼嫩茎段和叶片. 3培养条件(1)茎段愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS NAA 3.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 1.5 3%蔗糖;(2)叶片愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS NAA 5.0 6-BA1.0 2.5%蔗糖;(3)愈伤组织分化培养基:MS 6-BA 4.0 NAA 1.0 4%蔗糖 水解乳蛋白(LH)300;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS NAA 1.0 3%蔗糖.上述培养基均加0.6%～0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8.培养温度(25±2)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光照度2 000 lx.     

梵净山景天——景天属一新种

报道了产于中国贵州梵净山景天属一新种——梵净山景天（Sedum fanjingshanensis C.D.Yang et X.Y.Wang）。新种与单花景天（S.correpta Fröderström）相似,但雄蕊10枚,排列成2轮而不同。该种与小山飘风（S.filipes Hemsley）亦相似,但花单生于枝顶而明显不同。     

镉在东南景天中的亚细胞分配

采用差速离心技术,比较研究了Cd在矿山生态型东南景天(Sedum alfredii Hance)根、茎、叶中的亚细胞分布.结果表明:矿山生态型东南景天对Cd具有很好的忍受耐和累积能力,非矿山生态型东南景天则不具有这种能力.Cd在矿山生态型东南景天根、茎、叶各部分的亚细胞分配满足F1(细胞壁部分)>F3(可溶部分)>F2(细胞器及膜)规律,且Cd在细胞壁部分的分配占绝对优势;同时矿山生态型东南景天地上部有很好的Cd累积能力.与众多超累积植物相似的Cd亚细胞分配规律和地上部的良好的Cd累积能力.对此植物的Cd亚细胞分布完全不同于非矿山生态型东南景天的情况作了比较分析,结果显示矿山生态型东南景天很可能是一种新的镉超累积种质资源.     

浙江景天属(景天科) 一新种——贺氏景天

浙江景天属(景天科) 一新种——贺氏景天     

超积累生态型东南景天吸收锌的特性

采用水培和盆栽方法研究超积累生态型东南景天吸收锌的特征。在水培条件下,1μmol·L-1Zn处理,根系Zn含量随着处理时间的增加而缓慢增加,叶片和茎Zn含量在处理2d后达到最大值,随着培养时间的延长,其含量略有下降。500μmol·L-1Zn处理水平下,叶片和茎Zn含量随着处理时间的增加而增加,处理16d后基本上达到稳定,根系Zn含量在0～16d增加缓慢,但处理16d后急剧上升。当溶液Zn浓度为1～500μmol·L-1,叶片和茎Zn含量随营养液中Zn浓度的增加而增加,而根系Zn含量增加缓慢;当溶液Zn≥1000μmol·L-1时,叶片和茎Zn含量急剧下降,而根系Zn含量迅速增加。盆栽条件下,当土壤Zn含量较低时时,土壤Zn促进东南景天的生长。5月13日和7月21日收获的植株地上部的干物质量分别在400mg·kg-1(0.71g盆-1)和800mg·kg-1(1.45g盆-1)处理达到最大值。但当土壤Zn添加量≥1600mg·kg-1时,植物的生长受到抑制。随着土壤中Zn添加量的增加,东南景天地上部Zn浓度变化趋势基本上与其生物量的变化一致。5月13日收获时,当土壤Zn添加量≤1600mg·kg-1,地上部Zn含量随着土壤Zn浓度的增加而增加,在1600mg·kg-1处理达到最大值,约为17000mg·kg-1(DW)。7月21日收获的结果显示,当土壤Zn添加量≤800mg·kg-1,地上部Zn含量随着土壤Zn浓度的增加而增加,最大值为29000mg·kg-1(DW);但当土壤Zn添加量≥1200mg·kg-1时,地上部Zn含量反而随着土壤Zn含量的增加而显著降低。     

广西景天科景天属植物小志

该文基于文献考证、馆藏标本鉴定及野外调查，对广西景天属(Sedum L.)植物进行了系统的梳理，对景天属植物物种多样性进行概述，确定目前分布有17种，其中有6个新记录种。该文概述了广西景天属植物物种多样性，订正了藓状景天(S.polytrichoides Hemsl.),简述了6个新记录种，即钝萼景天(S.leblancae Hamet.)、黎平景天(S.lipingense R. B. Zhang, D. Tan&R. X. Wei)、龙泉景天(S.lungtsuanense S. H. Fu)、圆叶景天(S.makinoi Maxim.)、细小景天(S.subtile Miq.)、土佐景天(S.tosaense Makino),并提供其形态特征集要与彩色照片。该文还对广西景天属植物的多样性以及资源潜在利用价值等进行了讨论，并附有分种检索表和各个分类群在广西的分布情况，为该属后续的研究与利用提供了本底资料。     

安徽景天属12种植物的花粉形态研究

采用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了安徽省景天属(Sedum)12种植物的花粉结构。结果表明,景天属是一个很好的自然分类群;其花粉应属较进化的一类;并首次从孢粉学角度证实了江南景天(S.kiangnanense)、凹叶景天(S.emarginatum)同属一个自然分类群(景天属),但又确为二个不同的种。     

中国景天属一些种的订正

本文对国产景天属的6种植物进行了分类订正。归并了7种1亚种和2变种,同时对中国植物志中景天属存疑种Sedum phyllanthum Levl.et Vant.和S.subtile Miq.的范围及其分类地位进行了讨论。根据对S.hsinganicum Chu ex S.H.Fu的模式标本以及S.floriferum Praeger模式标本图和模式产地标本的研究,确认二者所具性状均在S.aizoon L.的性状变异范围内,故予归并。S.onychopetalumFrod.,S.grammophyllum Frod以及S.anhuiense S.H.Fu et X.W.Wang经研究均被作为S.lineareThunb.的异名处理。S.formosanum N.E.Br.在《中国植物志》中被并入S.alfredii Hance,现恢复为独立的种。此外还报道了一个中国新记录种S.hakonense Makino。     

安徽景天属一新种

多年生常绿草本。无毛。高8~25 cm。主根细长,直径1mm,有多数纤细的须根。不育枝直立,上部有分枝;叶互生,下部偶有1~2对叶对生,叶片匙状倒卵形至宽卵形,长10~14mm,宽11~15mm,基部渐狭,有短距,先端微凹。花茎直立,叶互生,线形,长8~14毫米,宽1.7~2.5mm,先端钝,基部有短距。     

A NEW SPECIES OF LYCOPODIUM L．FROM SICHUAN

Species L. herteriano Kumm. similis, sed differt foliis angusto-ellipticis vel oblanceolatis, superne dentatis. A L. serrato Th1lnb. foliis subcoriaceis, costis utrinque leyiter visibilibus differt.Caules erecti, circ. 18 cm. alti, multidichotomi, basi 3 min. diametro. Folia spiraliter disposita 6-fariam, reflexa, subcoriacea, angusto-elliptica vel oblanceolata,7-9 mm. longa et 1.5-2 mm. lata, apice acuminata versus basin angustata, superne remote dentatal costis utrinque paullo prominentibus. Sporangia in ramulis juvenalibus, axillaria, reniformia, luteola, 1 mm. longa et l.5 mm. lata.     

银桦酸和银桦内酯的生源探讨

新的植物产物银桦内酯（I）（Grevillone)（即 6-羟基香豆素,－Hydroxycou－marin）与其结构相应的开环酸——银桦酸（Ⅱ）（Grevillic acid）（即2,5-二羟基-反式-桂皮酸,2,5－Dihydroxy－trans－cinnamic acid）共存于山龙眼科（Proteaceae）的银桦（Grevillea robusta A．Cunn．）叶,提示它们在生物化学上是密切相关的。并且,无论是银桦内酯或银桦酸,在植物界里迄今仅发现于银桦[1]中。桂皮酸（III）（Cinnamic acid）的羟基化衍生物及其结构相应的内酯——香豆素类化合物,都是高等植物的典型代谢产物[4]。在双子叶植物里,苯基丙氨酸（Phenylalanine）是它们的共同前体[4,5]。最常见的羟基桂皮酸类是P-香豆酸（IV）（P-Coumaric acid）,咖啡酸（V）（Caffeic acid）,阿魏酸（Ⅵ）（Ferulic acid）和芥子酸（Ⅶ）Sinapic acid）。它们之中的一个或几个,以酯或甙的结合形式存在于每种高等植物[6]中,并且在代谢上密切相关[3,4]。这几个酚酸的共同特征是在对位碳上连接着氧原子（羟基）。显然,这与几乎所有天然香豆素类（Coumarins）化合物都在 7位碳（C7）上连接着氧原子[7,8]的特征在结构关系上是一致的。表1列出了在高等植物里最常见的几个羟基桂皮酸[2, 4]和香豆素类化合物[4,7]。邻-羟基桂皮酸类[6]（O－Hydroxycinnamic acids）和间-羟基桂皮酸（m-Hydroxycinnamic acid）在植物界里较罕见。     

云南黄檀属一新种

乔木高sin;／J’枝具皮孔,被短柔毛．羽状复叶长10一14cm;托叶早落;小叶3一4对,厚纸质,椭圆形或倒卵形,长1．3—5．5cm,宽0．7—3．5cm,先端微缺,稀圆钝并有小尖头,基部圆形或楔形,稀浅心形,两面被伏贴短柔毛,下面中脉上毛较密。圆锥花序顶生,长5—7cm,被...     

人工胶林群落结构生物学效应的观测及若干生态因子变化规律的研究

采用近代仪器与传统小气候观测相结合的方法：研究了人工胶林群落结构的生物学效应；对若干生态因于变化规律进行了初步讨论。胶树体温与测试地日照强弱密切相关．西双版纳树温西南高，东北低，西向与北向最高温之差约为l℃；树表和浅层受日照影响直接而明显，随深度增加而减弱，树心比较间接，既受环境影响又受本身机体调节。冬季胶林边行热效应较明显，比林内树温高2℃左右，若加充分利用对防寒有一定意义。树温和气温有差别，气温变幅大，树温变幅小，有利于植物正常生活，建议直接测定树温观察寒害．胶林中适当种植茶树，冷季有增暖效果，能对轻度寒害起缓冲作用．涂黑树干法不是理想防寒措施，因边行增温不明显 况且密林深处有轻微降温趋势，可能导致寒害加重。     

一种简易的分离根癌土壤杆菌质粒的方法（简报）

土壤杆菌属的一些菌含有分子量达100兆道尔顿的大质粒。根癌土壤杆菌的Ti质粒是潜在的植物遗传工程载体。目前制备这类大质粒主要用Currier＆Nester[1]和van Larebeke ＆ Schell[2]的方法。一般认为土壤杆菌破壁困难,需用溶菌酶、蛋白酶。虽然Currier＆Nester[1]把DNA变性后以酚和氯仿-异戊醇清除了一些染色质,但残存染色质仍多。两法最后都靠密度梯度离心法获得纯质粒。这样,就限制了制备Ti质粒的规模。我们采用Hensen＆Olsen[3]4 ％SDS和热冲击方法破壁,在控制温菌量和破壁液比例的条件下,不用酶也能破壁。然后,用酚和氯仿-异戊醇抽提去蛋白;不经 DNA变性,用Zasloff等人的酸酚法去染色质DNA; 再用Humphreys等人的方法,以PGA6000沉淀浓缩质粒DNA.经琼脂糖电泳鉴定,得单一DNA带,无染色质扩散带。这就为大规模制备根癌土壤杆菌Ti质粒提供了可能。目前正在进一步工作。     

Angiopteris sparsisora Ching,sp. nov.—a putative bigeneric hybrid

Angiopteris sparsisora Ching, sp. nov. Species nova ab omnibus affinibus adhuc cognitis recedit rhizomate repente, dorsiventrali, habitu minore stipite tenui, levi, paleis brunneis lineari-lanceolatis margine irregulariter fimbriatis peltati-fixis, pinnulis basi cuneatis vel late cuneatis, distincte breviterque petiolulatis, soris longitudine variis, inter se separatis a margine magis remotis, paraphysibus rudimentalibus brevibus sparse praesentibus. Tota planta 1—1.2 m alata, rhizomate repente, carnoso, cylindrico, dorsiventrali, 5—6 cm diametro, radicoso, apice frondes 2—3 emittente, stipite 35—70 cm longo, 4—8 mm crasso, levi viridi, supra medium uni-geniculato (in frondibus pinnatis usque subbipinnatis), paleis brunneis lineari-lanceolatis basi rotunda peltati-fixis margine varie fimbriatis sparse vestito; lamina stipite longiore, bipinnata aut subb ipinnata raro superne simpliciter pinnata; pinnis 2—3(—7)-jugis, ,alternis vel suboppositis, oblongis, 45—55 cm longis, 18—23 cm latis, petiolo 4—16 cm longo suffultis, basi tumidis, pinnatis vel interdum simplicibus vel basi pinnatifidis; pinnulis plerumque 8—12-jugis, alternis vel suboppositis, patentibus, 8—18 cm longis, medio 1.5—3cm latis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, basin versus cuneatis vel late cuneatis, breviter petiolatis, pinnula terminali confomi paulo majore, petiolulata, hasi baud in alas decurrente, margine serrulatis; venis utrinquo distinctis, patentibus, simplicibus vel furcatis, prope marginem curvatis; pagina frondis textura in sicco virescente, chartacea, rachi, costis, costulis venisque subtus sparsim minuteque paleaceis. Soris breviter linearibus, 2—4 mm longis, 10—32-sporangiatis, inter se separatis, a margine 2—3 mm, remotis; paraphysibus sparsis brevibusrudimentalibus. Sporis globulosis, suparficie dense tubuculatis. Yunnan austro-orientalis: Xichou Xian, Fadou, S. K. Wu 4203 (typus, PE), 4198, 8, October, 1962; ibidem, Z. R. Wang 566-1, 566-2, 566-3, 566-4, 566-5, 15, January, 1978; ibidem V. M. Chu 8212, 15, January, 1978. in valley under evergreen broadleaved forests, alt. 1500—1550m. In the tropical rain forest in southeastern Yunnan, China, the members of Angiopteris Hoffm. and Archangiopteris Christ et Gies. are often growing side by side in great abundance. In January 1978 the second writer made a botantical trip there and collected in one locality ample herbarium material of an Angiopteris, which is identical with A. sparsisora Ching (ined.), based upon type specimens gathered by Mr. S. K. Wu from the same locality in 1962. To our great surprise, however, this distinct taxon reveals a number of important morphological characteristics intermediate between Angiopteris and Archangiopteris as diagnosed above. The present species resembles Archangiopteris in small build with creeping dorsiventral rhizome, unigeniculate, thin, smooth stipe in pinnate to bipinnatifid fronds, sparingly clad in linear-lanceolate peltately affixed scales with variously fimbriate margin, lamina 1—2 pinnate or subbipinnate, pinnules distinctly and shortly stipitate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, sori of different length separated from each other by broad spaces, and rather far away (2—3 mm) from the margin, paraphyses few, rudimentary and short, but, on the other hand, it also similar to Angiopteris in usually bipinnate fronds, the petiole of pinnae with swollen base (blackish upon drying), short (2—4 mm long) linear sori consisting of 5—16 pairs of sporangia and globulax spores with densely tubucular sporoderms. All the above characteristics combined clearly indicate the species is in all likelihood a natural hybrid between Angiopteris and Archangiopteris, pending cytological investigation and the reason for presently placing it in Angiopteris rather than in Archangiopteris is because of the fact that in overall impression the newtaxon appears more like the former than the latter.     

Echinocodon Hong,a New Genus of Campanulaceae and Its Systematic Position

Echicocodon Hong (Wahlenbergieae); Gen. nov. Calyx 2-5-saepe 4-fidus; lobis utrinque 2-4-lobulis spiniformibus praeditis. Corolla tubulosa; ad medium parterm (3-) 4 (-5)-lobata. Stamina (3-) 4 (-5); libera; sed inter se eonniventia; filamentis basi parum expansis. Ovarium fere inferum; 3-5-1oculare; stigmata 3-5; demum recurva; linearia; ovula ∞. Capsula globosa; 3-5-locularis; spice loculicide dehiscens; valvis calycis lobis alternantibus. Semina ∞ ; minima; ellipsoidea; obtuse triquetra.——Herbae perennes; lactesentes; radicibus palaribus crassiusculis. Folia alterna; pinnatipartita. Flores solitarii terminalesque vel 2-3 in cymam conferti. Genus monotypicum; in provincia Hubei Sinae cresens. Typus generis: Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong. Echinocodon lobophyllus Hong; sp. nov. plate 1 Herbae diffusae; omnino glabrae; radicibus palaribus ad 5 mm crassis. Caulis ad 40 cm longus; ramosissimus. Folia alterna; petiolis 5-10 mm longis; laminis ellipticis; 5-20 mm longis; 3-15 mm latis; basi anguste cuneatis; apice obtusis; pinnatisectis vel ad medium pinnatipartitis. Flores solitarii terminales vel 2-3 in cymam conferti; pedicellis 1-5 cm longis. Calycis lobi ovato-lanceolati; 2-6 mm longi; lobulis spiniformibus exclusis 1-3 mm lati. Corolla purpureo-caerulea; tubulosa; 3-4.5 mm longa; ad medium (3-)4(-5)-lobata; lobis late ovato-diltoideis; ad 3 mm latis. Stamina inter se conniventia; filamentis liberis; 1.5 mm longis; basi expansis; ciliatis; antheris oblongis; 1 mm longis. Stylus 1 mm longus; stigmata linearia; demum recurva. Capsula globosa; 3-5 mm diam.; sed parte supera conica et 2 mm longa. Semina minima; luteo-fusca; ellipsoidea; obtuse triquetra; 0.3 mm longa. China: Hubei Province; Yunxi County; near the town; 300 m alt.; 1 Jul. 1983. Ma Yuan-jun and Hong De-yuan PB83006 (holotype; PE); the same locality; 11 Jul. 1978; Ma Yuan-jun 3921. The new genus; Echinocodon Hong; shows its systematic position in the tribe Wahlenbergieae by the inferior ovary and capsule which loculicidally dehisces above the calyx and is closely related to the genera Codonopsis; Platycodon and Wahlenbergia; from all of which it differs in having the calyx lobes with spinelike lobules and the pinnatisect or pinnatipartite leaves. From Codonopsis it differs also in having the linear stigma lobes; from Platycodon also in the capsule valves alternate with the calyx lobes and from Wahlenhergia also in having the 4(5)-colpate pollen grains. Meiosis in pollen mother cells was examined and; 8 bivalents in MI and 8 chromosomes in MII were always observed (Plate 2: 1-2). The chromosomt number is thus determined to be n=8. The pollen grains taken from the flowers which were fixed in the fields with Carnoy II fixative (6:3:1 absolute alcohol/chloroform/glacial acetic acid) were examined without further treatment under SEM; and under LM after acetolysis. The result shows that they are oblate; 4(5)-colpate (Plate 2: 3-4); with colpi 10.5μm long and 2.5μm wide and with a smooth colpus membrane (Plate 2: 5). The exine is 2-layered; with a distinct baculate layer (Plate 2:7-8). The sexine surface is covered with spinules almost regularly spaced; 0.6μm high and basally divided. The sexine between spinules consists of short ridges (Plate 2: 6). The new genus is closely related to the genera Codonopsis; Wahlenbergia and Platycodon from gross morphological point of view; but its pollen grains differ markedly from all of them. The pollen grains in Codonopsis are longly 5-colpate; and with the sexine consisting of a low relief reticulum; those in Platycodon longly 5-colporate and those in Wahlenbergia 3-porate. The pollen type of the new genus Echinocodon with short colpi is therefore probably derived from the longly colpate type of pollen like that of Codonopsis or directly from longly colporate type like that of Platycodon; and is likely more primitive than thatin Wahlenbergia.     

云南植物区系

云南具有丰富的植物区系,现知种子植物240科（裸子植物10科,被子植物230科）,1,984属,约13,000种。无论从那一派分类学家的系统或观点来说,云南都有众多的古老或原始的科属。从云南种子植物属15个分布区类型比较分析,云南区系明显是热带性质并且具有丰富的温带成分,热带的属占云南总属数（不包括世界分布属,下同）61.89％,温带的属却占32.19％。中国特有属在云南分布约有83属,占云南总属数4.39％,并占中国特有属224个的37.05％。     

国产合欢属分类研究

合欢属是豆科,含羞草亚科,Ingeae族的一个中等大的属,全世界不下150种,分布于热带、亚热带地区,以南半球热带,亚热带为主。国产合欢属27种,主要分布在南部和西南部。     

广西牡荆属（马鞭草科）一新变种—短管黄毛牡荆

本变种小叶边缘具缘毛,聚伞花序单生叶腋,有时成对簇,通常3-4次二歧分枝,花序梗短于少为长于或等长于叶柄,花冠管较短,长6-7mm,内面近中部具一环白色长毛,核果较小．长6-7mm,直径5-6mm。