架棚中酚类化合物的研究

从架棚（ＣｅｒａｔｏｓｔｉｇｍａｍｉｎｕｓＳｔａｐｆｅｘＰｒａｉｎ）的乙酸乙酯部分分离得到１４个酚类化合物。经波谱技术,特别是２ＤＮＭＲ技术鉴定,其中化合物ｐｌｕｍｂｏｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎｓＡ（１）和Ｂ（２）为新化合物。其他１２个化合物被分别鉴定为ｐｌｕｍｂｏｌａｃｔｏｎｅＡ（３）、ｐｌｕｍｂａｂｉｃａｃｉｄ（４）、ｉｓｏｓｈｉｎａｎｏｌｏｎｅ（５）、ｅｐｉｓｏｓｈｉｎａｎｏｌｏｎｅ（６）、Ｎｔｒａｎｓｃａｆｅｏｙｌｔｙｒａｍｉｎｅ、Ｎｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｕｌｏｙｌｔｙｒａｍｉｎｅ、ａｐｏｃｙｎｉｎ、ｖａｎｉｌｉｃａｃｉｄ、ｓｙｒｉｎｇｉｃａｃｉｄ、ｇａｌｏｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎ、（＋）ｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎ和１,２,６ｔｒｉＯｇａｌｏｙｌｇｌｕｃｏｓｅ。     

云木香化学成分研究Ⅱ

从丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）根中分离得到的另外７个化合物,它们分别是＿孕甾烯醇酮（ｐｒｅｇｎｅｎｏｌｏｎｅ）（１）,β－谷甾醇（β－ｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）（２）,葫萝卜甙（ｄａｕｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）（３）,苯丙素甙（ｓｙｒｉｎｇｉｎ）（４）,木质素甙（１－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｐｉｎｏｒｅｓｉｎｏｌ－１－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｉｄｅ）（５）,油酸［（ｚ,ｚ）－９,１２－ｏｃｔａｄｅｃａｄｉｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ］（６）和油酸－１,３－甘油二酯［（ｚ,ｚ）－９,１２－ｏｃｔａｄｅｃａｄｉｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ－２－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－１,３－ｐｒｏｐａｎｅｄｉｎｙｌｅｓｔｅｒ］（７）．它们的结构通过波谱和化学的方法得到鉴定。其中化合物１作为天然产物首次从植物中分离得到,化合物３,４,５和７为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

水稻内生联合固氮细菌的筛选,鉴定及其分布特性

利用乙炔还原法和固定１５Ｎ２ 活性测定法对分离自水稻（ Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）“越富”种子、根、茎和叶的内生细菌进行了筛选,获得２９ 株具有体外固氮能力的水稻内生联合固氮细菌。鉴定结果表明它们分属于根癌土壤杆菌（ Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ （Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ） Ｃｏｎｎ） ,放射土壤杆菌（ Ａ． ｒａｄｉｏｂａｃｔｅｒ （Ｂｅｉｊｅｒｉｎｃｋ ｅｔ ｖａｎ Ｄｅｌｄｅｎ） Ｃｏｎｎ） ;阴沟肠杆菌（ Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｃｌｏａｃａｅ （Ｊｏｒｄａｎ） Ｈｏｒｍａｅｃｈｅ ｅｔ Ｅｄｗａｒｄｓ） ,成团肠杆菌（ Ｅ． ａｇｇｌｏｍｅｒａｎｓ （Ｂｅｉｊｅｒｉｎｃｋ） Ｅｗｉｎｇ ｅｔ Ｆｉｆｅ） ,坂崎肠杆菌（ Ｅ． ｓａｋａｚａｋｉｉ Ｆａｍｅｒ ｅｔ ａｌ．） ;皮氏产碱菌（ Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ ｐｉｅｃｈａｕｄｉｉ Ｋｉｒｅｄｊｉａｎ ｅｔ ａｌ．） ,反硝化产碱菌（ Ａ． ｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｎｓ （Ｌｅｉｆｓｏｎ ｅｔ Ｈｕｇｈ） Ｒｕｇｅｒ ｅｔ Ｔａｎ） ;类产碱假单胞菌（ Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓ Ｓｔａｎｉｅｒ） ,产碱假单胞菌（ Ｐ． ａｌｃａｌ     

我国新担子菌类补遗

在研究甘肃、四川、云南的担子菌类时发现如下４新种：云南地红菇（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＺａｎｇ）,属红菇科（Ｒｕｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ）,地红菇属（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓＫａｌｃｈｂｒ．）系我国新记录;松针锈耳（ＣｒｅｐｉｄｏｔｕｓｐｉｎｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇ）绣耳科（Ｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;蛇盖条孢牛肝菌（ＢｏｌｅｔｅｌｕｓｓｅｒｐｅｎｔｉｐｉｌｅｕｓＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属松塔牛肝菌［疣孢牛肝菌科］（Ｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｏｍｙｃｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;喜杉绒盖牛肝菌（ＸｅｒｏｃｏｍｕｓｐｉｃｅｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属牛肝菌科（Ｂｏｌｅｔａｃｅａｅ）;长柄灰包（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｄｏｎｌｏｎｇｉｓｔｉｐｕｍＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属灰包科（Ｌｙｃｏｐｅｒｄａｃｅａｅ）。     

水青树和昆栏树茎皮的化学成分

用化学和波谱分析方法从水青树（Ｔｅｔｒａｃｅｎｔｒｏｎ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ Ｏｌｉｖ．）茎皮中分离鉴定了５个化合物,分别为丁香甙（ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｎｉｄｅ）、儿茶素（ｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎ）、β－谷甾醇（β－ｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）、胡萝卜甙（ｄａｕｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）和白桦脂醇（ｂｅｔｕｌｉｎ）,均为从该种植物中首次分得。从昆栏树（Ｔｒｏｃｈｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ ａｒａｌｉｏｉｄｅ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃｃ．）茎皮中     

大花哥纳香化学成分研究

从大花哥纳香（ＧｏｎｉｏｔｈａｌａｍｕｓｇｒｉｆｉｔｈｉＨｏｋｆ．ｅｔＴｈｏｍｓ）的茎枝分得１２个化合物,经光谱（ＩＲ,ＭＳ,ＮＭＲ,２ＤＮＭＲ）分析,鉴定其中７个为苯乙烯内酯：ｇｏｎｉｏｔｈａｌａｍｉｎ（１）、９ｄｅｏｘｙｇｏｎｉｏｐｙｐｙｒｏｎｅ（２）、ａｌｔｈｏｌａｃｔｏｎｅ（３）、ｇｏｎｉｏｄｉｏｌ（４）、ｇｏｎｉｏｔｈａｒｖｅｎｓｉｎ（５）、ｇｏｎｉｏｆｕｆｕｒｏｎｅ（６）和８ａｃｅｔｙｌｇｏｎｉｏｔｒｉｏｌ（７）。另５个化合物鉴定为番荔枝内酰胺（ｓｑｕａｍｏｌｏｎｅ,８）、乔松素（ｐｉｎｏｃｅｍｂｒｉｎ,９）、琥珀酸（ｓｕｃｃｉｎｉｃａｃｉｄ,１０）、β谷甾醇（βｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ,１１）和豆甾醇（ｓｔｉｇｍａｓｔｅｒｏｌ,１２）。化合物１～３和５～１０均为首次从该植物分得。     

武陵山地区鱼类寄生杆咽属线虫两新种

本文报道在武陵山地区的白甲鱼［（Ｖａｒｉｃｏｒｋｉｎｕｓ（Ｏｎｙｃｈｏｓｔｏｍａ）ｓｉｍｕｓ（ＳａｕｖａｇｅｅｔＤａｂｒｙ）］和沪溪直口峻（ＲｅｃｔｏｒｉｓｌｕｘｉｅｎｓｉｓＷｕｅｔＹａｏ）中发现的两种杆咽属（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｃｈｏｎａ）线虫新种,定名为白甲鱼杆咽线虫,新种（ＲｈａｂｄＯｃｈｏｎａｏｎｙｒｋｏｓｔｏｍｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和短咽杆咽线虫,新种（ＲｈａｂｄＯｃｈｏｎａｂｒｅｖｉｃｈｏｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,并对两新种进行了测量和详细的描述。     

盐浓度对3种单子叶盐生植物渗透调节剂及其在渗透调节中贡献的影响

单子叶盐生植物星星草（Ｐｕｃｃｉｎｅｌｌｉａｔｅｎｕｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｇｒｉｓｅｂ）．Ｓｃｒｉｂｎ．ｅｔ．Ｍｅｒｒ．）碱草（Ａｎｅｕｒｏｌｅｐｉｄｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ（Ｔｒｉｎｓ．）Ｋｉｔａｇ）和獐茅（Ａｅｌｕｒｏｐｕｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｄｅｂｅａｕｘ）Ｔｚｖｅｌ）的种子萌发后长至３ｃｍ高,用０,５０,１００,２００和４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ处理２周后,测定３种植物幼苗的生长,无机和有机渗透调节剂,     

部分裸子植物叶片总蛋白分析

采用ＳＤＳ－ ＰＡＧＥ 技术, 分析了红豆杉科（Ｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 植物南方红豆杉（ Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ－ ｍａｉｒｅｉ （Ｌｅｍｅｅ ｅｔ Ｌｅｖｌ－） Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌ－Ｋ－Ｆｕ） 、穗花杉（ Ａｍｅｎｔｏｔａｘｕｓ ａｒｇｏｔａｅｎｉａ （Ｈａｎｃｅ） Ｐｉｌ ｇｅｒ） 、云南穗花杉（ Ａ－ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、白豆杉（ Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ） Ｃｈｅｎｇ） 以及三尖杉科（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘａｃｅａｅ） 、植物三尖杉（ Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｔａｘｕｓ ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ Ｈｏｏｋ－ｆ－） 、粗榧（ Ｃ－ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ （Ｒｅｈｄ－ｅｔＷｉｌｓ－） Ｌｉ） 、海南粗榧（ Ｃ－ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉ） 、篦子三尖杉（ Ｃ－ｏｌｉｖｅｒｉ Ｍａｓｔ－） 和罗汉松科（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐａｃｅａｅ） 、植 物罗汉松 （ Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓ ｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓ （ Ｔｈｕｎｂ－ ） Ｄ－Ｄｏｎ） 、鸡毛 松（ Ｐ－ｉｍｂｒｉｃａｔｕｓ Ｂｌ－） 、竹柏（ Ｐ－ ｎａｇｉ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ－） Ｚｏｌｌ） 、陆均松（ Ｄａｃｒｙｄｉｕｍ ｐｉｅｒｒｅｉ Ｈｉｃｋｅｌ） 共１２ 种植物的叶片蛋白, 在蛋白质水平上采用     

白喉乌头中的新二萜生物碱

通过柱层析和高效液相层析从白喉乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｌｅｕｃｏｓｔｏｍ ｕｍ Ｗｏｒｏｓｃｈ．）的根中分离得到４种二萜生物碱,通过各种光谱数据的解析鉴定了它们的结构,其中一种是新化合物,命名为喉乌碱（ｌｅｕ－ｃｏｓｔｉｎｅ,Ⅱ）;其它为已知化合物ｌｅｕｃｏｎｉｎｅ （Ⅰ）、ｄｅｈｙｄｒｏａｃｏｓａｎｉｎｅ （Ⅲ）和ｓｅｐａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ （Ⅳ）。     

人类活动影响下新疆生态环境的一些变化

人类活动引起的新疆生态环境变化主要有以下几方面:1.河流流程缩短,河水矿化度和泥沙含量增加;2.湖泊水位下降,湖面缩小或变干,湖水矿化度升高;3.森林破坏,面积缩小;4.草场的产草量降低,牧草质量下降; 5.土壤次生盐渍化、沼泽化和肥力下降;6.土地沙漠化不断扩大。     

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori

The different invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori have been applied mainly in emerging countries. Molecular methods have been developed, especially a test for detection of H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance directly from stools. The long-term effects of eradication on histologic lesions have been studied in a meta-analysis and the prognostic value of post-treatment in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been assessed. An operating link for gastritis assessment (the OLGA staging) has also been published. Attempts to simplify the urea breath test protocol have been made, and new stool antigen tests have been proposed and compared to those previously available.     

Starch phosphorylase enzymes in developing and germinating pea seeds

Phosphorylase has been fractionated during development and germination of seeds of smooth and wrinkled-seeded peas. The total phosphorylase levels have been compared. In addition, a number of other pea tissues and other legumes have been examined. Some kinetic properties of the two enzymes present have been measured. Both enzymes have been further purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-starch columns and by sequential gel filtration in the absence and presence of amylopectin. The MW and sub-unit structures of the two enzymes have been examined and their possible roles discussed.     

Using artificially generated spectral data to improve protein secondary structure prediction from Fourier transform infrared spectra of proteins

Secondary structures of proteins have been predicted using neural networks from their Fourier transform infrared spectra. To improve the generalization ability of the neural networks, the training data set has been artificially increased by linear interpolation. The leave-one-out approach has been used to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Bayesian regularization has been used to train the neural networks and the predictions have been further improved by the maximum-likelihood estimation method. The networks have been tested and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 4.19% for alpha helix, 3.49% for beta sheet, and 3.15% for turns have been achieved. The results indicate that there is a significant decrease in the SEP for each type of structure parameter compared to previous works.     

Linked Cross Sectional Schemes for Estimating Growth of Children

For estimation of growth, the efficiency of linked cross sectional scheme has been compared with pure longitudinal and cross sectional schemes. The relevant estimation theory has been developed and the expressions for the optimum estimators alongwith their variances have been derived. It has been observed that for estimation of growth, the linked cross-sectional scheme has been observed to be less efficient as compared to pure longitudinal scheme but more efficient than pure cross-sectional scheme.     

Studies on the Chemical Components of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge

Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge has been characterized as one of the most destructive plants to livestock in the North-Western China. Its chemical components have not been studied. We have been isolated four flavonoids from the aerial parts of Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge. They have been identified as quercetin, rhamnocitrin, isoquercitrin and rhamnocitrin-3-glucoside by UV, IR, 1HNMR and MS spectra of these flavonoids. Their acetyl derivatives have been prepared and their 1HNMR and MS spectra are fully in accord with this conclusion. The rhamnocitrin-3-glucoside has been found first of all in Oxytropis species. It is perhaps valuable for chemotaxonomy of Oxytropis genus.     

Molecular mapping and tagging of genes in crop plants

In India, molecular mapping and tagging of agronomically important genes using RFLP and RAPD markers have been carried out in three different crops: rice, mustard and chickpea. In rice, tagging of genes for resistance to gall midge and blast has been accomplished. Molecular mapping of cooking quality traits in rice is in progress. For fingerpringting rice cultivars, suitable probe enzyme combinations have been identified. In mustard, a partial RFLP linkage map has been constructed and one of the yellow seed-coat colour loci has been mapped. Significant associations of RFLP markers with quantitative traits have also been established. Potential use of RAPD markers to identify heterotic groups among mustard accessions has been demonstrated. In chickpea, the occurrence of considerable interspecific DNA polymorphism as revealed by RAPD analysis has facilitated construction of a partial linkage map.     

Imaging erythrocytes under physiological conditions by atomic force microscopy

Since its invention in the mid 1980s atomic force microscopy has revolutionised the way in which surfaces can be imaged. Close to atomic resolution has been achieved for some materials and numerous images of molecules on surfaces have been recorded. Atomic force microscopy has also been of benefit to biology where protein molecules on surfaces have been studied and even whole cells have been investigated. Here we report a study of red blood cells which have been imaged in a physiological medium. At high resolution, the underlying cytoskeleton of the blood cell has been resolved and flaws in the cytoskeleton structure may be observed. Comparison of the normal 'doughnut' shaped cells with swollen cells has been undertaken. Differences in both the global properties of the cells and in the local features in cytoskeleton structure have been observed.     

Material life cycle assessment in china

From the very beginning, the research of Material Life Cycle Assessment (MLCA) has been an important part of the ecomaterials research in China, and large numbers of researchers have been focusing their efforts on it. From 1998, and supported by the National High-tech Program-863 Projects, the study of some typical materials has been put into practice. Thus far, the first phase of the project has been finished smoothly. The practical MLCA methods have been developed, and the manufacturing technologies and processes of the steel and iron, aluminum, cement, ceramic, polymer and construction coatings have been assessed. The relevant assessment software has been developed. Reference systems are being set up for evaluation by studying typical materials. In this paper, the main achievements are reviewed. Some other developments of MLCA in China are also introduced.     

Cloning, mapping and gene product identification of rhaT from Escherichia coli K12

Rhamnose utilization requires the function of a specific rhamnose transport system. Rhamnose transport mutants have been isolated and characterized. The structural gene, rhaT, encoding the rhamnose permease has been cloned from Escherichia coli. rhaT has been mapped in the rha locus (87.7 min) by analysis of cotransduction with glpK and other rha markers. The precise location of the gene has been determined by complementation analysis of rhamnose transport mutants transformed with recombinant plasmids containing different fragments of the cloned region. Gene order (counterclockwise) is established as glpK . . . rhaT-rhaR-rhaS-rhaB-rhaA-rhaD. The gene product has been identified by expression of rhaT in a T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system. This 23 kDa protein has been assigned to the rhaT product and has been shown to be located in the cell membrane.