α-Synuclein与14-3-3蛋白在体外分子间相互作用的鉴定

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)涉及两种蛋白——α-synuclein蛋白(SNCP)与14-3-3蛋白.通过重组,将这两种蛋白在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达, 通过谷胱甘肽- Sepharose 4B亲和层析将其纯化,得到GST-14-3-3蛋白;利用凝血酶对纯化的融合蛋白GST-SNCP切割,再经谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析获得SNCP.通过免疫共沉淀、GST pull down和ELISA等技术,证明SNCP能够与14-3-3蛋白结合;为了进一步证明SNCP也与在脑组织中的天然14-3-3蛋白发生作用,利用His pull down方法进行实验.结果证明,SNCP能够和脑组织中的14-3-3蛋白发生相互作用.这些结果从分子水平提供了SNCP与14-3-3蛋白相互作用的实验证据,为进一步了解SNCP的结构和功能,及其在中枢神经系统退行性疾病的作用提供了必要的实验基础.     

微生物学方法制备16α-甲基-11α，17α，21-三羟基孕甾-1，4-二烯3，20-二酮

本文报道了简单节杆菌A69-2和球孢白僵菌AS69同时存在下对16α-甲基-17α-羟基孕甾-4．烯-3,20-二酮-21-醋酸酯(16MRSA)的协周转化作用。 这种协同转化怍用既能解除16α-甲基-11α,17a,21-三羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮(16MllaHC)对球孢白僵菌AS69的11α羟化酶的抑制作用,又可降低高浓度的16M11aHC对节杆菌A69—2脱氢酶活性的影响,同时还能抑制节杆菌脱氢过程的副反应。在底物浓度为0.15％(W／V)时,l6α-甲基-11α,17a,21-三羟基孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮(16MDHC)的收率约50%,故是制备1 6MDHC的一种理想的微生物学方法。     

3-Azido-3-deoxy-α-d-altrose

The synthesis of (±)-epilupinine from trans-1-cyanoquinolizidines (IVa) and (IVb), the intermediates of the (±)-lamprolobine synthesis is described.     

3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶基因在分枝杆菌中的异源表达与9α-羟基雄烯二酮的制备

9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9-OH-AD)是制备甾体类药物的重要中间产物。3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶(KSH)能够转化雄烯二酮(AD)产生9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9-OH-AD),该酶由Ksh A和Ksh B两个亚基构成。为获得高效积累9-OH-AD的重组菌株,本研究选择耻垢分枝杆菌Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155和戈登氏菌Gordonia neofelifaecis NRRL B-59395,对其在胆固醇为唯一碳源条件下表达明显上调的ksh A和ksh B候选基因进行克隆,插入到分枝杆菌表达载体p NIT中,构建共表达质粒,并将它们导入分枝杆菌Mycobacterium sp.NRRL B-3805中,获得重组菌株。利用重组菌株分别对植物甾醇、胆固醇和谷甾醇进行生物转化,分离纯化转化产物,采用光谱学方法鉴定其化学结构,确定该转化产物为9α-羟基雄烯二酮,说明分枝杆菌Mycobacterium sp.NRRL B-3805由积累雄烯二酮变为积累9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9-OH-AD),进而证明导入的候选基因ksh A和ksh B确实为有功能的基因。生物转化实验表明,与胆固醇、谷甾醇相比,植物甾醇作为底物更易于转化;而用来源于耻垢分枝杆菌的ksh A、ksh B构建的重组菌转化率更高,可达90%,具有较高的应用价值。本研究通过对KSH编码基因的异源表达,成功地进行了分枝杆菌生物转化特性的改造,为探索各种甾体药物中间体的工业生产奠定了基础。     

Neurturin, RET, GFRα-1 and GFRα-2, but not GFRα-3, mRNA are expressed in mice gonads

The gonads are known to produce numerous hormones and also neurotrophins and their receptors. Here we demonstrate expression of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands and related receptors in adult mice gonads by in situ hybridization. GDNF mRNA was expressed in the ovary, but was not detectable in testis. Neurturin (NTN), another ligand in this family, gave rise to strong mRNA hybridization signals in a mosaic pattern in the seminiferous tubules of the testis at stages IX-XII and I-II of the cycle. NTN mRNA signals were also found in uterus and the oviduct. In testis, the transducing receptor RET as well as GDNF receptor alpha-1 (GFR)alpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 were distributed in complementary and overlapping patterns, the former at stages XI-XII-I and the latter at stages VII and VIII. GFRalpha-3 could not be detected. Expression of these trophic molecules suggests involvement of GDNF family ligands and related receptor components in reproduction.     

α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶催化合成α-熊果苷

以对苯二酚和麦芽糊精为底物,通过α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶和淀粉葡萄糖苷酶的两步酶法反应体系催化合成α-熊果苷。优化后的催化条件:以葡萄糖当量(DE)值为8%~10%的麦芽糊精作为供体底物,麦芽糊精60g/L,对苯二酚150 mmol/L,缓冲液p H 6.0,在40℃下反应24 h。在此反应条件下,α-熊果苷的产量为3.17 g/L,对苯二酚转化率为7.77%。通过萃取法对α-熊果苷进行了初步分离,再经高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱技术进行了结构测定,确定产物为α-熊果苷。     

3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶基因的表达及其催化合成9α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮

研究应用于甾体9α-羟基化的高效催化剂和催化体系是实现甾体药物9α位羟基高效合成的关键。本文中,笔者对来源于分支杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) H37Rv和红平红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis) SQ1的3-甾酮-9α-羟基化酶基因(reksh A,mtksh A)进行优化,并对2个基因的催化活性进行检测。通过构建工程表达菌株,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(AD)为底物,对制备9α-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(9α-OH-AD)的催化反应进行了探索。结果表明:基因序列优化显著提升了Re Ksh A和MtKshA蛋白的可溶性表达,其中Re Ksh A具有较好的雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮9α位羟基化活性。用TB培养基培养Re Ksh A的工程表达菌株BL21(DE3)-p ET28a-reksh A-yh,在30℃、500μmol/L底物浓度、0. 8%(体积分数)乙醇为助溶剂、0. 1 mmol/L IPTG诱导浓度、底物与诱导剂同时加入到工程菌液中的条件下,9α-OH-AD得率达到97. 09%。     

α-珠蛋白-3′HVR探针DNA指纹图法医应用的研究

本文用α-珠蛋白-3'HVR探针所建立的杂交方法,获得清晰可辩的DNA指纹图。就北京地区200名无关个体的DNA指纹图分析和统计结果,其相关机率为4.0×10~(-12),对6个家系的32名相关个体的分析,符合孟德尔定律,足以用作准确的个人识别和亲子关系鉴定,并巳用于检案,为侦破强奸、凶杀等案件提供了重要依据。     

微生物合成11α-羟基-16α,17α-环氧孕酮的动力学

对耐温黑根霉菌丝体催化16α,17-α-氧孕酮生成11α-羟基-16α,17α-环氧孕酮的反应体系进行了研究,考察了不同反应时间、不同菌体量和底物质量浓度对11α-羟化反应的影响,建立了相应的动力学模型,其方程为r=0.031Sr/1.05＋Sr。结果表明：提高菌体质量浓度有利于提高反应速率;底物浓度与反应初速率的关系与米氏方程相似。     

17α-乙炔-雌三醇-3-环戊醚对小鼠造血干细胞的影响

小鼠灌胃给予辐射防护有效剂量17α-乙炔-雌三醇-3-环戊醚(CEE_3)后10天内,骨髓与脾脏CFU-S都出现一过性抑制,到15天时恢复正常。CEE_3对CFU-S的抑制程度和辐射防护效价与药量有一定关系。切除脾脏或切除肾上腺可减轻CEE_3对造血干细胞的抑制作用。照前切除脾脏可提高照射小鼠骨髓CFU-S含量,但不能提高CEE_3对造血干细胞的防护效果。切除肾上腺对照射小鼠骨髓CFU-S的含量无明显影响,但可明显减低CEE_3对照射小鼠CFU-S的防护效果。对CEE_3等雌激素的辐射防护作用机理进行简短的讨论。     

Conformation of (1→3)-α-D-Glucan Tribenzoate

The molecular conformation of (1→3)-α-D-glucan tribenzoate (TBG) was studied by X-ray diffraction measurements coupled with a conformational analysis. Although the fiber pattern obtained was of very low crystallinity, the presence of a meridional reflection at the 5th layer line indicated that the TBG molecule took a five-fold helical conformation with a 19.63 A fiber repeat. A conformational analysis on the five-fold helix, which was done by calculating van der Waals’ repulsion energy between non-bonded atoms comprising the TBG chain, suggested that the most preferable energy-based conformation was –5/1, a left-handed five-fold helix.     

The microbial production of 3aα-H-4α- (3′-propionic acid)-5α-hydroxy-7aβ-methylhexahydro-indan-1-one-δ-lactone from cholesterol

Summary A mutant strain of Rhodococcus australis CSIR-236.457 which accumulates 3a-H-4-(3-propionic acid)-5-hydroxy-7a-methylhexahydro-indan-1-one--lactone from cholesterol, stigmasterol and -sitosterol was studied. The product is produced in a 60% molar yield in a dilute black strap molasses medium containing 6–12g/l cholesterol after a 72 hour fermentation period.     

Nd~(3+)对GA_3诱导小麦α-淀粉酶活性的促进作用

1 ppm Nd~(3+)能够明显促进GA_3对α-淀粉酶的诱导,使该酶活性提高 70％,并降低半粒小麦电解质外渗.Nd~(3+)的主要效应之一在于缩短GA_3作用的滞后期。其增效现象在GA_3诱导α-淀粉酶的线性浓度范围内,均较显著.Nd~(3+)本身不能诱导α-淀粉酶,未发现其对离体酶活性与还原糖显色有影响.     

A Facile Synthetic Method for 3′-α-Fluoro- 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine

Abstract

A facile method for the synthesis of 3′-α-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (5) has been developed using a novel rearrangement of 3′-β-bromine to the 2′-β position during 3′-α fluorination.     

α-肾上腺素受体

近年来,α-肾上腺素受体的研究进展迅速。放射配体结合试验的应用和一系列对α_1受体或α_2受体有高度选择性的激动剂、阻断剂的发现,对此均有促进作用。血管平滑肌突触后膜上同时存在有α_1及α_2受体。深入研究外周及中枢口受体的定位、分型及功能,不仅具有重要生理学意义,而且对研制新药和探讨药物作用机理也有理论指导意义。     

Antitumor properties of substituted (αE)-α-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)benzeneacetic acids or amides

A novel class of indole derivatives characterized by a (αE)-α-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)benzeneacetic acid or amide scaffold was synthesized. These derivatives, assayed for cell-growth inhibition activity against a panel of six different tumor cell lines, showed strong antiproliferative activity and selectivity mainly towards DU145 cell line. In particular, compounds 2d–m and 5 stand out for their cell growth inhibitory activity and, among them, compound 2d emerged for its selectivity towards DU145 with respect to other tested tumor cell lines. DU145 treated with 1 μM of 2d for 72 h showed p21^Cip1 induction and suppression of Akt signaling together with induction of Rb. From a computational point of view, two different approaches were used in order to study topology and electronic properties of the novel compounds and to shed light on their drug-likeness properties. Firstly, topological and electronic features of the compounds endowed with the most relevant biological activity were deepened; in parallel, some ADME properties like solubility and permeability were predicted.     

14-3-3 蛋白

介绍了14－3－3蛋白的基本结构和功能,并简要概述了14－3－3蛋白在信号转导,细胞周期调控以及前体蛋白的折叠与运输过程中的作用机理。     

Defective macrophage migration in Gαi2- but not Gαi3-deficient mice

Various heterotrimeric G(i) proteins are considered to be involved in cell migration and effector function of immune cells. The underlying mechanisms, how they control the activation of myeloid effector cells, are not well understood. To elucidate isoform-redundant and -specific roles for Gα(i) proteins in these processes, we analyzed mice genetically deficient in Gα(i2) or Gα(i3). First, we show an altered distribution of tissue macrophages and blood monocytes in the absence of Gα(i2) but not Gα(i3). Gα(i2)-deficient but not wild-type or Gα(i3)-deficient mice exhibited reduced recruitment of macrophages in experimental models of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and LPS-triggered lung injury. In contrast, genetic ablation of Gα(i2) had no effect on Gα(i)-dependent peritoneal cytokine production in vitro and the phagocytosis-promoting function of the Gα(i)-coupled C5a anaphylatoxin receptor by liver macrophages in vivo. Interestingly, actin rearrangement and CCL2- and C5a anaphylatoxin receptor-induced chemotaxis but not macrophage CCR2 and C5a anaphylatoxin receptor expression were reduced in the specific absence of Gα(i2). Furthermore, knockdown of Gα(i2) caused decreased cell migration and motility of RAW 264.7 cells, which was rescued by transfection of Gα(i2) but not Gα(i3). These results indicate that Gα(i2), albeit redundant to Gα(i3) in some macrophage activation processes, clearly exhibits a Gα(i) isoform-specific role in the regulation of macrophage migration.     

Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of 3-(α-Azolylbenzyl)indoles

The goal of the present study was to evaluate several azolyl-substituted indoles as new antileishmanial agents. Ten 3- (α -azolylbenzyl)indoles have been synthesized using Friedel-Crafts acylation as a key-step. All the target compounds were found to display high levels of activity when tested against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes in vitro. The most active compounds, showing an IC 50 <1 μM, were 5-bromo-1-ethyl-3-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)(1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1 H -indole 15 and its triazole analogue 17. Four representative compounds 15, 17, 22 and, 23 were also tested against intracellular amastigotes of L. mexicana using ketoconazole and meglumine antimoniate as reference compounds, the results of which are discussed.