百合科鹿药属一新组合

我们在编写“Flora of China”(英文版)中,仍采用恩格勒系统,将鹿药属Smilacina和舞鹤草属Maianthemum独立成两个属,未采用J.V.ZaFrankie(1986)将Smilacina移入Maianthemum的观点。因此,将下面一种进行新组合:     

鹿药属新种——南川鹿药

本文发表了鹿药属一新种,即分布于四川省南川县金佛山的南川鹿药Maianthemnm nanchnanense H.Ll et J.L.Huang     

杨山牡丹的核型分析

本文首次报道了杨山牡丹的核型及银染间期细胞核仁数目。结果表明,银染核仁数最多为6个;核型简式为2n=2x=10=6m(3 SAT)+2 sm (1 SAT)+2 s t (2 SAT), 其中第1和第4对染色体短臂上具1个随体,第2和第5对染色体短臂上具1对随体。此外,对国产芍药属二倍体种的随体数目及其杂合性等问题进行了初步讨论。 Abstract:In the paper,the karyotype and silver staining of nucleolar numbers of P.ostii Hong et Zhang were reported for the first time.The results show that nucleolar numbers are six at the most and karyotype formula is 2n=2x=10=6m(3 SAT)+2sm(1 SAT)+2st(2 SAT)of P.ostii.There are one satellite on each short arms of the first and fourth chromosomes and two satellites on each short arms of the second and fifth ones respectiuely.In addition,the satellitic numbers and satellitic heterozygosity of diploid species of Paeonia in China are briefly discussed.     

山羊草属二倍体物种亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用24个随机引物对山羊草属12个二倍体物种的亲缘关系进行了RAPD分析,对扩增出的304条带进行聚类分析。结果发现：（1）Sitopsis组内各物种的亲缘关系与前人的研究基本一致;（2）Ae.mutica与Comopyrum组的各物种亲缘关系较近;（3）Ae.uniaristata与同组的另两个物种亲缘关系较远,应将其从该组中独立出来;（4）Ae.caudata与Ae.umbellulata为亲缘关系较近的两个物种。 Abstract：RAPD analysis was performed by a set of 24 arbitrary primers to 12 diploid species in Aegilops. Results were observed based on t he examination of 304 RAPD fragments. The relationship in the Section Sitopsis i s consistent with the former investigation. Ae. mutica had a relatively clos e relationship with the species of the Section Comopyrum.Ae. uniaristata had a far relationship with the other two species of the Section Comopyrum,indicati ng that it should be excluded from this section. Ae. caudata and Ae. umbel lulata had a close relationship.     

中国西南地区鹿药属4种15居群核型研究

对产于中国西南部的鹿药属（Maianthemum）4种植物进行了细胞学研究,包括染色体数目,多倍化,非整倍性和随体染色体,以及核型不对称性和核型进化。结果表明：1）除了在云南丽江采集的Maianthemum tatsienensis染色体数目为2n=72之外,其余的居群全为2n=36;2）核型在居群间存在变异,特别是在具中部染色体和近中部染色体的数目以及随体染色体的数目和位置上。此外,M．nanchuanense和M．szechuanicum的核型是首次报道,B染色体也是首次在该属中发现。我们推测鹿药属的进化方式包括频繁的染色体畸变以及不同水平上的多倍化,而中国西南部是该属的分化中心。     

鸡解偶联蛋白(UCP)基因内含子的克隆与系统发生树的构建

解偶联蛋白基因是新近发现的能够增加能量的消耗,与脂肪代谢和能量调控密切相关的一组基因。本研究根据小鼠UCP2基因的剪切方式,设计4对引物成功克隆测序了鸡UCP基因的全部5个内含子,发现都是GT-AG类型的内含子,鸡UCP基因的结构和小鼠的UCP2基因结构一致。以不同物种UCP基因的cds 区域序列和内含子2、内含子3序列进行系统发生树的构建,结果表明：以UCP基因cds区域序列构建的系统发生树与物种树是一致的,UCP基因可以作为研究动物群体系统演化研究的有效基因;但以内含子2与内含子3序列构建的系统发生树的结构则完全不是这样,与物种树的差别比较大。 Abstract:The UCP genes were the newly discovered genes that can increase the energy expenditure and involve in the metabolism of fat and regulation of energy.Four pairs of primers in chicken UCP exon region were designed to amplify the introns of chicken UCP gene according to the splice ways of the mouse UCP2 gene （Accession No.AF096288）.The sequence results showed that the chicken UCP gene also had five GT-AG type introns.The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of cds,intron 2 and intron 3 region,respectively.The phylogenetic tree based on the UCP cds region was consistent with the species phylogenetic tree.This result implicated that UCP gene can be regarded as the useful gene for the study of animal phylogenesis.On the contrast,the phylogenetic tree based on the intron 2 and intron 3 region was different from the species phylogenetic tree,which showed that the evolution of intron and cds region is different.     

锯缘摄龟和齿缘摄龟的核型与Ag-NORs

本文分析了锯缘摄龟和齿缘摄龟的核型与Ag-NORs,结果：2FKn均为52,核型模式9+5+12。但锯缘摄龟AN=78, 其NOR位于A组No.4的长臂上,而齿缘摄龟AN=76,NOR位于A组的No.7的长臂。作者对这两种摄龟核型的结构特点和NOR位置差异的细胞分类学意义进行了讨论。G[2]G[-2] Abstract:In this paper, the karyotypes and Ag-NORs of FKPyxidea mouhtiiand FKCyclemys dentatafrom China were studies. It was found that the 2FKn=52, the karyotypic formula is 9+5+12 in this two species. But FKP. mouhtiihas AN=78, its NORs located on the No.4 q of group A, while AN=76, NORs located on No.7 q of group A in FKC. dentata. The cytotaxonomical value of the features of karyotypic structure and the positinal differentiation of NORs between this two spepies is preliminarily discussed.     

麋鹿茸与梅花鹿茸、鹿茸雌二醇含量比较

In order to reveal the biochemical basis for the pharmacological use of the antler velvet of Père David's deer (Eluphurus davidianus), we analyzed the estradiol concentrations of velvet tissue samples. We collected velvet tissue from Père David's deer, sika deer (Cervus nippon) and fallow deer (Dama dama). After extracting steroids from velvet tissue with ether, we analyzed the estrdiol concentrations using radioimmunoassay technique. We found that: (1) estradiol concentrations were significantly different in the velvet tissue of these three cervids (P<0.05) and (2) Père David's deer stags had the highest velvet tissue estradiol concentrations, 105.29±27.53 pg/g. [Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(1):124-127,2003].     

中国灯心草属植物的研究

本文通过对国产灯心草属植物的研究,提出了一个中国灯心草属分类系统排列,首次确认我国产6亚属,14组(包括10个新组),4个系(包括3个新系),77种(包括14个新种),l亚种(新亚种)和10变种(包括4个新变种),对其中一些种类作了归并及处理。     

Steroidal saponins from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus

Eight novel steroidal saponins, ophiopogonins H-O (1-8), along with seven known steroidal saponins (9-15) were isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus. The structures of these new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data, and the analysis of hydrolytic reaction products. For the first time, rare furostanol saponins with disaccharide moiety linked at position C-26 of the aglycone were reported to be isolated from a natural source.     

Steroidal saponins from the fresh tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus

Eleven novel furostanol saponins, named ophiofurospisides C–E, G–N (1–3, 5–12), one new spirostanol saponin, named ophiopogonin R (13), were isolated from the fresh tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D and 2D NMR) and HRESIMS. The isolated furostanol saponins possessed two sugar chains located at C-3 and C-26, respectively. Six furostanol saponins (1, 5–9) with disaccharide moiety linked at position C-26 of the aglycone were rare in the plant kingdom.     

Structure characterization and identification steroidal saponins from Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawler (Liliaceae) by high-performance liquid chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry

Introduction – Steroidal saponins are the main active constituents in Ophiopogon japonicus Ker‐Gawler (Liliaceae). However, because of their high polarity, non‐chromophores and low content in plants, steroidal saponins are difficult to be isolated from O. japonicus by conventional phytochemical methods. Objective – To develop a sensitive and rapid approach towards the structural analysis of steroidal saponins using HPLC/ESI‐MSⁿ. Methodology – The fragmentation behaviors of six known steroidal saponins in negative ESI‐MSⁿ were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. By using HPLC/ESI‐MSⁿ, the important structural information on aglycone types, sugar types and saccharide sequences can be obtained. Results – According to the HPLC retention behaviour, the molecular structural characteristics provided by multistage mass spectrometry spectra and the literature, a total of 8 steroidal saponins were tentatively identified or characterized in O. japonicus rapidly. Conclusion – This work has shown that HPLC‐ESI‐MSⁿ may be used as an effective and rapid method for the characterization and identification of steroidal saponins from O. japonicus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pollen Morphology and Generic Phylogenetic Relationships in Ophiopogonoideae (Liliaceae)

In the present work, pollen grains of 3 species of Liriope, 24 species of Ophiopogon and 2 species of Peliosanthes were examined under scanning electron microscope, Among them 4 species were also observed under transmission electron microscope. The observation (Table 3)shows that Liriope and Ophiopogon distinctly differ from Peliosanthes in the exine ornamentation and structure, They may be divided into two types: 1. Rugulate-perforate, ektexine with perforate tectum in Liriope and Ophiopogon. 2. Verrucate, Verracae unequal in size, ektexine intectate in Peliosanthes. Pollen morphology shows the close affinity between Liriope and Ophiopogon, but they are very far from Peliosanthes. The correlation between pollen and gross morphology in Liriope, Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes are stated and their evolutionaly trends are discussed in this paper. The pollen characters support the placement of Liriope and Ophiopogon in one tribe—Ophiopogoneae, and Peliosanthes in another tribe—Peliosantheae. Peliosanthes is more advancedthan Liriope and Ophiopogon.     

Epidermal Features of Leaves and Their Taxonomic Significance in Subfamily Ophiopogonoideae (Liliaceae)

This paper reports epidermal features of leaves in Ophiopogonoideae. Thirty-nine species and one variety (29 species, 1 variety in Ophiopogon, 6 species in Liriope, 4 species in Peliosanthes)were examined under scanning electron microscope. In addition, transections of stomatal apparatuses of six species (Ophiopogon: 3 species; Liriope: 2 species; Peliosanthes: 1 species) were made and examined under light microscope. The stomatal apparatus in Liriope, Ophiopogon and Peliosanthes is of the anomocytic type. These types of epidermal features of leaves in these genera are recognized: Cuticular processes type, No cuticular processes type and No stomatal band type. The cuticular processes type can be further divided into three patterns: Fibrillose, Massive and Wrinkled-massive. The taxonomic value of the epidermal features of leaves in Ophiopogonoideae is rather evident. (1)These epidermal features can be used to distinguish among those species of Ophiopogon, Liriope and Peliosanthes, even in their vegetative state; (2) The different patterns of cuticular processes are helpful to reasonable classification of some species in Ophiopogon, (3)They are of great value for recognizing some sections, (4) These epidermal features of leaves also provide evidence for further discussion on relationships among Ophiopogon, Liriope, and Peliosanthes. The evolutionary trend of the epidermal features of leaves in Ophiopogonoideae is No stomatal band type→No cuticular process type(stomatal band)→Cuticular process type (stomatal band). According to the epidermal features of leaves, flowers and fruits, Ophiopogon, Liriope and Peliosanthes are closely related, forming a subfamily Ophiopogonoideae. Ophiopogon is more close to Liriope than to Peliosanthes, and they should be grouped into the same tribe-Ophiopogoneae. Liriope seems to be more primitive than Ophiopogon. Peliosanthes, which constitutes another tribe of its ownPeliosantheae, is more advanced than Ophiopogon and Liriope, and it might have beenderived from its ancestor early.     

Three new neuritogenic steroidal saponins from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl

Three new steroidal saponins (1–3) and a known saponin (4) were isolated from Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical derivatization. The isolated compounds (1–4) were potent inducers of neuritogenesis on PC12 cells. Compound 1 showed the highest neuritogenic activity of 46% at 1 μM. The study of structure–activity relationships suggests that aglycone is important for the neuritogenic activity of the compounds. Specific inhibitor experiments and Western blot analysis suggest that 1-induced neuritogenic activity depends on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway on PC12 cells.     

麦冬块根化学成分的研究

从麦冬(Ophiopogon japornicus)块根中分得两个环二肽类化合物,一个酰胺类化合物和一个多羟基脂肪酸类化合物。通过光谱数据分析,分别鉴定为eyclo-(Phe-Tyr)(1),cyclo-(Leu-ILe)(2),N-(2．(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)-4-hydroxycinnamide(3)和天师酸(4)。这四个化合物均为首次从沿阶草属植物分得。环二肽类化合物为首次从沿阶草属植物中分得的化合物类型。     

SCAR markers for discriminating species of two genera of medicinal plants, Liriope and Ophiopogon

The development of DNA markers that can closely discriminate between Liriope and Ophiopogon species is vital for efficient and accurate identification of these species, and to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines made from these plants. We developed species-specific molecular markers for these two genera. Forty RAPD primers were tested to detect polymorphism; species-specific RAPD bands were gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced. Primers for sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were then designed, based on nucleotide sequences of specific RAPD primers. SCAR markers SA06 and SB05, specific to Ophiopogon japonicus, amplified 460- and 553-bp DNA fragments, respectively. The marker SA12 amplified a 485-bp fragment specific to Liriope platyphylla. This is the first report of a species-specific SCAR marker for this group. These markers will be useful for rapid identification of closely related Liriope and Ophiopogon species.     

麦冬皂苷药理作用研究进展

麦冬作为一种滋阴药,在传统中药中占有重要地位。随着对麦冬研究的不断深入,其主要有效成分皂苷类的药理活性也不断被发现。综述近年来麦冬皂苷在抗心脑血管疾病、抗衰老、改善学习记忆障碍、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗炎、免疫调节、镇咳、改善肝肺病理性损伤等方面的药理作用研究进展,以期为今后对麦冬及其皂苷类活性成分的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

麦冬不同提取物对过氧化氢损伤人血管内皮细胞ICAM-1、VEGF、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的：观察麦冬不同提取物对过氧化氢诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和VEGF、Bcl-2表达的影响。方法：体外培养HUVEC,用过氧化氢（H2O2）制造HUVEC损伤模型。以四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测细胞存活数量,用流式细胞仪检测HUVEC表面ICAM-1的表达量;免疫细胞化学方法检测HUVEC的VEGF、Bcl-2的分布情况。结果：模型组较正常对照组细胞增殖活性明显降低（P〈0．01）。与模型组相比,经麦冬水提物、正丁醇提取物处理组细胞增殖活性明显增加（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。流式细胞仪检测显示正丁醇提取物可降低过氧化氢增加的ICAM-1基因的表达。Bcl-2的表达,模型组明显低于正常对照组,而正丁醇组表达明显高于模型组（P〈0．01）。VEGF的表达,模型组明显高于正常对照组,麦冬水提物、正丁醇提取物处理组高于模型纽（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：麦冬提取物具有抗凋亡、促增殖、降低细胞间黏附分子-1表达的作用,尤以正丁醇提取物效果更为显著。