水稻花药对高温胁迫的生理响应

为了探明水稻花药在高温胁迫下的生理反应及适应机理,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温（9：00-17：00,37℃;17：00-9：00,30℃）和适温处理（9：00-17：00,30℃;17：00～9：00,25℃）,研究高温胁迫对水稻花药可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、热稳定蛋白、维生素C含量、膜透性及内源激素含量等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温使水稻花药中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和维生素C含量下降,热稳定蛋白含量上升;热敏感品系4628花药中丙二醛含量和相对电导率在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热品系996;高温胁迫下,水稻花药中GA3和IAA含量降低,ABA含量上升,耐热品系996花药中GA3、IAA含量降低幅度小于热敏感品系4628,ABA含量增加幅度小于热敏感品系4628。     

耐热水稻品种“Nagina 22”高温胁迫下的生理响应

为研究耐热水稻品种Nagina 22(N22)开花结实期高温胁迫下的主要生理响应,采用温室盆栽试验,在各供试材料的开花期,利用人工气候室进行高温胁迫处理。研究结果表明:N22在高温胁迫下不改变开花期但表现出日开花量的转峰;与N22相比,水稻感热品种Moroberekan花药开裂显著受阻,柱头上萌发的花粉数显著减少;花粉萌发数与花药开裂状况呈极显著的相关关系,进而表现出主穗结实率与柱头上花粉萌发数呈显著的相关关系;主穗日结实率在高温下呈递减趋势,且Moroberekan较N22的下降速率显著加快,表明耐热品种与高温胁迫对结实率存在累积效应,而且高温胁迫效应发生在开花授粉之前。     

开花期低温胁迫对水稻花粉性状及剑叶理化特性的影响

以耐冷水稻品种996和冷敏感品种4628为材料,开花期在人工气候室进行7 d低温（06:00-8:00和19:00-23:00,19 ℃;08:00-10:00和16:00-19:00,21 ℃;10:00-16:00,23 ℃;23:00-06:00,17 ℃）和适温（06:00-8:00和19:00-23:00,24 ℃;08:00-10:00和16:00-19:00,26 ℃;10:00-16:00,30 ℃;23:00-06:00,22 ℃)处理,研究了低温胁迫对水稻花药开裂、花粉性状及剑叶叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量、膜透性等理化特性的影响.结果表明：开花期低温胁迫导致水稻花药开裂系数、花粉萌发率显著下降,中部和下部颖花的不育花粉率增加.996的花药开裂系数和花粉萌发率显著高于4628,表明耐冷品种996在开花期低温胁迫下能保持较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性.低温胁迫下,996的剑叶可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量及其增幅显著高于4628,而丙二醛含量和相对电导率及其增幅却显著低于4628,说明耐冷品种在低温胁迫下的保护性反应更迅速和强烈,其膜结构及功能更稳定.     

高温影响番茄小孢子发育的细胞学研究

以番茄‘Micro-Tom’为材料,利用形态观察、DAPI染色、石蜡切片等方法对正常情况下番茄小孢子发生过程进行时期划分.通过连续7d的高温胁迫((35±1)℃/(30±1)℃)处理试验,结合细胞学观察,研究高温对番茄花粉小孢子发育的影响.研究表明,高温胁迫不仅导致花粉畸形或败育、花粉数量减少、活力低萌发力差,而且还导致花药绒毡层、药隔组织、药室内壁、花药表皮、环状细胞簇等花药细胞结构的发育异常.结果有助于阐明热胁迫对番茄小孢子发育的影响,并为培育耐高温农作物新品种提供思路.     

热胁迫下不结球白菜和甘蓝叶片组织结构的变化

利用显微及扫描电镜方法,研究不结球白菜及甘蓝的耐热品种和感热品种种在高温（３８－３９℃）胁迫下,叶片表皮和组织结构的差异。结果如下：耐热品种叶片下表皮比感热品种气孔频度高,气孔体积小且开张度小。耐热品种部分气孔呈关闭状态,而感热品种气孔基本上呈开放状态。显微结构观察到耐热品种叶肉组织细胞排列紧密,叶脉的维管束发达,特别是木质部的导管数量多且孔径大。而感热品种相比于耐热品种叶肉细胞排列疏松,维管束相     

热胁迫下萝卜不同耐热性品种细胞组织结构比较

利用显微及扫描电镜方法,研究热胁迫下萝卜不同耐热性品种外部形态,叶片及叶柄组织细胞结构的差异,耐热性品种比感热性品种叶表皮气孔密度大,体积小和开度小,部分呈关闭状态,叶片厚,叶肉细胞排列紧密,叶肉细胞很少出现质壁分离;耐热品种叶柄内维管束总面积是感热性品种的１．５倍以上,具发达的形成层及厚壁组织。     

作物“三系”生物学特征的研究——Ⅲ.几种水稻雄性不育类型的花粉形成与发育的细胞形态、代谢障碍和药隔维管束发育的比较研究

本文对水稻几种雄性不育类型的花粉败育原因进行了比较研究。结果表明,不育类型的花粉败育有着一些共同的机理:在花粉单核期至三核期可见到花药隔维管束的木质部及韧皮部细胞发育较差,维管束鞘细胞发育不良,体积较小,排列紊乱;在单核花粉期至三核花粉期均发生物质代谢障碍,特别在花药部位尤为明显;由于维管束发育不良和花药物质代谢障碍,导致了花粉缺乏营养而败育。败育的主要时期是在单核花粉晚期,这与代谢发生明显障碍的时期是一致的。     

水稻成熟花药和花粉的结构和组织化学研究

用乙二醇甲基丙烯酸脂(简称GMA)和环氧树脂Epon812包埋的薄切片方法对水稻成熟花药和花粉的结构进行了观察,并对各种结构的性质和细胞中的后含物做了细胞化学的分析.对成熟花药的绒毡层膜及乌氏体的研究采用了分离技术,做了显微和超微观察.证明水稻成熟花药壁和花粉除具一般禾本科植物特征外,还揭示了花药壁表皮上可能有硅质,药壁表皮细胞内含有脂类颗粒,药室内壁具纤维素质的纤维状加厚;发现花粉粒中除了贮存有大量淀粉颗粒外,还含有脂类,成熟花粉中营养核与两个精细胞及两个精细胞间联系紧密;并讨论了薄切片的优越性,绒毡层膜的意义及其上细胞印迹的来源.     

扁桃花药开裂前后壁层细胞形态变化及分析

为探明扁桃花药开裂前后壁层细胞形态变化,以鹰咀扁桃鳞片开裂期、小蕾期、大蕾期和盛花期的花蕾为研究材料,运用石蜡切片法结合铁苏木精染色法、考马斯亮蓝染色法、PAS染色法对花药壁层细胞进行染色;同时用Nikon SMZ-250体视显微镜拍摄花药开裂过程,观测花粉粒长、短轴长度。结果表明:(1)从鳞片开裂期到小蕾期,花粉粒的长、短轴长度都增大,多糖颗粒数量增多,绒毡层细胞完全消失,中层细胞和药隔处细胞逐渐溶解;药室内壁细胞切向长度增加幅度大于径向长度,内、外壁长度都增大,螺旋状纤维进一步形成;表皮细胞切向长度增加幅度大于径向长度。(2)从小蕾期到大蕾期花粉粒长、短轴长度明显增大,多糖颗粒持续增多;中层细胞和药隔处细胞大部分溶解;药室内壁细胞径向、切向长度持续增大,内壁长度增大、外壁长度趋于稳定,多糖颗粒数量减少,螺旋状纤维基本形成;表皮细胞切向减小幅度大于径向。(3)从大蕾期到花药半开裂,花粉粒长、短轴长度稍微增大;中层细胞和药隔处细胞完全溶解;药室内壁细胞切向长度持续增大,径向长度趋于稳定,内壁长度持续增大,外壁长度逐渐减小,多糖颗粒数量较少;表皮细胞切向、径向长度持续减小。(4)花药半开裂后,花粉粒长、短轴长度都减小;药室内壁细胞和表皮细胞切向、径向长度都减小;药室内壁细胞内、外壁长度减小并趋于接近,内壁长度减小趋势出现晚于外壁。研究认为,扁桃花药壁层细胞形态变化是花药开裂的基础,并与花药开裂密切相关。     

小麦花药药壁表皮细胞结构与功能研究

单核花粉粒时期,药壁表皮细胞内具丰富的核糖体,粗面内质网,高尔基体,内嵴发达的线粒体,线粒体嵴具显著的细胞色素氧化酶性,细胞和核仁上具显著的ATP酶性,细胞处于旺盛的生命活动状态,这种旺盛的活性一直维持到花粉粒成熟;二细胞花粉粒时期,药壁表皮细胞中积累大量的来自于药卫细胞的球型颗粒,在药隔薄壁细胞内民看到了同样怕颗粒,且药壁表皮细胞内球型颗粒的数量变化与花粉粒对营养物质的需求呈负相关,初步认为,药壁表皮细胞内的球型颗粒是来自于药隔组织营养物质供大于求剩余物质的积累,药壁表皮细胞在花粉粒 育后期可能具有对来自花药药隔维管组织的营养物质贮存的功能,。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.