血清CX3CL1、APN、Hcy及hs-CRP水平对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心肌低灌注的预测价值及其模型构建

摘要 目的：探讨血清CX3C趋化因子配体1 （CX3CL1）、脂联素（APN）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后心肌低灌注的预测价值,并构建其预测模型。方法：选择2020年10月至2022年4月我院行PCI术治疗的AMI患者106例,根据患者术后冠状动脉血流分级结果将其分为正常灌注组（n=82）和低灌注组（n=24）,比较两组临床资料、PCI治疗情况及血清CX3CL1、APN、Hcy及hs-CRP水平。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析PCI术后心肌低灌注的相关因素,并构建AMI患者PCI术后心肌低灌注预测模型,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析新模型及各指标对AMI患者PCI术后心肌低灌注的预测价值。结果：低灌注组年龄显著高于正常灌注组,左心室射血分数（LVEF）显著低于正常灌注组（P<0.05）。低灌注组血清CX3CL1、Hcy及hs-CRP水平显著高于正常灌注组,APN水平显著低于正常灌注组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥62.62岁、LVEF≤59.05%、血清CX3CL1≥1954.37 ng/mL、血清APN≤6.69 μg/L、血清Hcy≥11.86 μg/mL、血清hs-CRP≥5.18 mg/L是心肌梗死患者PCI术后心肌低灌注的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示基于血清CX3CL1、APN、Hcy及hs-CRP建立的预测模型对PCI术后心肌低灌注有较高的敏感度、特异度。结论：血清CX3CL1、Hcy、hs-CRP水平增高及APN水平降低是心肌梗死PCI术后心肌低灌注的危险因素,基于以上指标构建的预测模型对心肌梗死PCI术后心肌低灌注的预测具有一定价值。     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术后患者左心室重构、心肌灌注和预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后左心室重构、心肌灌注以及预后的关系。方法：选择2018年2月至2020年1月我院收治的70例STEMI患者,根据入院时血清Hcy水平分为高水平Hcy组（Hcy＞30 μmol/L,41例）和低水平Hcy组（15≤Hcy≤30 μmol/L,29例）。PCI术后1个月、6个月、12个月检测左室重量指数(LVMI)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),复查冠脉造影,评价TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）。Pearson相关或Spearman秩相关性分析Hcy水平与LVMI、LVEF、TMPG分级相关性。所有患者PCI术后随访12个月,记录患者随访期间全因死亡和主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生情况。Cox风险比例回归分析PCI术后STEMI患者预后的影响因素。结果：高水平Hcy组PCI术后6、12个月 LVEF低于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）,LVMI高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）,高水平Hcy组PCI术后心肌灌注不良发生率高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）。Hcy水平与PCI术后6、12个月 LVEF呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与LVMI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与PCI术后TMPG分级呈负相关（P＜0.05）。高水平Hcy组随访期间全因死亡和MACE发生率均高于低水平Hcy组（P＜0.05）。Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示Hcy、术前Gensini评分是STEMI患者PCI术后预后不良的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：高水平Hcy与STEMI患者PCI术后左心室重构、心肌灌注有关,且Hcy是STEMI患者PCI术后发生全因死亡和MACE的影响因素。     

急性心肌梗死患者血清Myo、Cat S、NGAL与PCI术后炎症因子和住院期间主要不良心血管事件的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清肌红蛋白（Myo）、组织蛋白酶S（Cat S）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）后炎症因子和住院期间主要不良心血管事件（MACE）的关系。方法：选择我院2020年3月~2021年11月期间接收的行PCI术的AMI患者126例,根据术后是否发生MACE分为MACE组和非MACE组。对比非MACE组、MACE组血清Myo、Cat S、NGAL水平和白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-10（IL-10）水平。采用Pearson检验分析Myo、Cat S、NGAL与炎性因子的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析患者住院期间发生MACE的影响因素。结果：住院期间,126例患者中有34例患者发生MACE,其余92例未发生MACE,发生率为26.98%。MACE 组的血清Myo、Cat S、NGAL水平高于非MACE组（P<0.05）。MACE组的血清IL-6、TNF-α高于非MACE组,IL-10水平低于非MACE组（P<0.05）。Pearson检验分析结果显示,Myo、Cat S、NGAL与IL-6、TNF-α呈正相关,而与IL-10呈负相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,非MACE组、MACE组在年龄、发病-就诊时间、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）、Killp分级≥Ⅱ级方面对比有统计学差异（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：Myo偏高、Cat S偏高、NGAL偏高、HbAlc偏高、NT-proBNP偏高、Killp分级≥Ⅱ级是发生MACE的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：MACE患者体内Myo、Cat S、NGAL异常升高,且与炎症因子水平相关。Myo、Cat S、NGAL、HbAlc、NT-proBNP、Killp分级≥Ⅱ级均是发生MACE的影响因素。     

慢性心力衰竭患者外周血miR-148a表达水平与炎症因子、心功能和心室重构的关系

摘要 目的：探讨慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血清miR-148a表达水平与炎症因子、心功能和心室重构的关系。方法：选择2017年1月~2019年1月在我院就诊的CHF患者136例,按照美国纽约心脏病学会（NYHA）心功能分级将患者分为Ⅱ级57例、Ⅲ级43例和Ⅳ级36例。实时荧光定量PCR检测血清miR-148a的表达,血清中白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量用酶联免疫吸附试验检测,使用超声心动图检测心功能和心室重构指标,主要包括左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、舒张末室间隔厚度（IVSD）、舒张末左室后壁厚度（PWD）、左室质量指数（LVMI）、左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室重构指数（LVRI）,采用Pearson积矩相关系数分析血清miR-148a表达水平与血清炎症因子、超声心动图指标之间的相关性。结果：CHF患者血清miR-148a表达量随心功能分级升高而降低（P均<0.05）。炎症因子（IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α）水平和LVEDD、PWD、IVSD、LVMI随心功能分级升高而升高, LVRI和LVEF随心功能分级升高而降低（P<0.05）。血清miR-148a表达量与炎症因子、IVSD、PWD和LVMI呈负相关（P<0.05）;与LVEF和LVRI呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论：血清miR-148a表达量与CHF患者血清炎症因子水平、心功能及心室重构关系密切,提示检测血清miR-148a有助于反映CHF患者病情的严重程度。     

复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年心肌梗死患者PCI术后炎性反应、心室重塑和心肌灌注的影响

摘要 目的：探讨复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦对老年心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后炎性反应、心室重塑和心肌灌注的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法将本院2017年3月至2020年2月间收治的行PCI治疗的68例老年心肌梗死为研究对象,分为对照组（34例）和观察组（34例）。两组均行常规药物治疗,在此基础上予以对照组沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,予以观察组复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗。比较两组治疗前后血浆中超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity creactive protein,hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（interleukin-8,IL-8）、N末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminal-pro-brain-natriuretic-peptide,NT-proBNP）、左室舒张末期前后径（left ventricular end-diastolic diamete,LVEDD）、左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、左室质量指数（left ventricular mass index,LVMI）以及治疗后TIMI血流分级。结果：两组血浆hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和NT-proBNP水平以及LVEDD和LVMI水平较治疗前明显降低,LVEF水平明显增加（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后血浆hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-8和NT-proBNP水平以及LVEDD和LVMI水平明显低于对照组,LVEF水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后20 minTIMI血流分级均明显好转,观察组术后20 min时TIMI血流分级明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：复方丹参滴丸联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦能够明显降低老年心肌梗死患者PCI术后炎性反应,抑制心室重塑,改善心肌灌注,安全性较高。     

血清UA、sdLDL、sST2对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后无复流的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清尿酸（UA）、小而密低密度脂蛋白（sdLDL）、可溶性致癌抑制因子2（sST2）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后无复流（NRF）的预测价值。方法：选取2021年1月～2023年1月睢宁县人民医院收治的196例AMI患者为AMI组，根据PCI术后是否发生NRF分为NRF组和血流正常组，另选取同期120名体检健康志愿者为对照组。比较AMI组与对照组血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AMI患者PCI术后NRF的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平对AMI患者PCI术后NRF的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较，AMI组血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平升高（P＜0.05）。196例AMI患者PCI术后NRF发生率为34.69%，NRF组年龄大于血流正常组，糖尿病比例、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、UA、sdLDL、sST2水平高于血流正常组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄增加和UA、sdLDL、sST2升高为AMI患者PCI术后NRF的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平单独和联合预测AMI患者PCI术后NRF的曲线下面积AUC(0.95CI)分别为0.707(0.481～0.934)、0.742(0.513～0.955)、0.737(0.480～0.970)、0.863(0.737～0.960)，联合预测大于单独预测指标。结论：血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平升高为AMI患者PCI术后NRF的独立危险因素，血清UA、sdLDL、sST2水平联合预测AMI患者PCI术后NRF的价值较高。     

不同康复训练频率对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心肺运动耐量、炎症转录因子及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同康复训练频率对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后炎症转录因子、心肺运动耐量、生活质量的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法将长沙市第一医院2021年1月-2022年10月期间收治的92例PCI术后行康复训练的AMI患者分为A组（n=31,康复训练12次）、B组（n=31,康复训练24次）、C组（n=30,康复训练36次）。比较三组患者心功能指标[左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、运动耐力[6 min步行试验（6MWT）]、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）]、炎症转录因子[可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）、核因子-kB（NF-kB）]及生活质量变化情况。结果：B组、C组干预后LVEF、6MWT高于A组,且C组高于B组（P<0.05）,B组、C组干预后LVESD、LVEDD小于A组,且C组小于B组（P<0.05）。B组、C组干预后FEV₁、FVC、PEF高于A组,且C组高于B组（P<0.05）。B组、C组干预后sICAM-1、NF-kB低于A组,且C组低于B组（P<0.05）。B组、C组干预后健康调查量表（SF-36）各维度评分高于A组,且C组高于B组（P<0.05）。结论：AMI患者PCI术后进行康复训练,可有效改善心肺运动耐量,降低炎症转录因子水平,提高生活质量,且随着康复训练频率的增加,患者的改善效果越好,建议临床康复训练频率应不少于36次。     

心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC在慢性心力衰竭患者预后评估中的临床价值分析

摘要 目的：分析心脏彩超检查联合血清B型钠尿肽（BNP）、白蛋白（ALB）、胱抑素C（CysC）在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年5月我院收治的123例CHF患者,心脏彩超检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）和左心室内径（LVD）,实验室检测血清BNP、ALB、CysC水平。按照3年随访后患者是否死亡分为死亡组35例和存活组88例,收集临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC对CHF患者预后的评估价值。结果：死亡组患者的LAD、LVD及血清BNP、CysC水平高于存活组患者,而LVEF及血清ALB水平低于存活组患者（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD及血清BNP、ALB、CysC是CHF患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC检测对CHF患者预后评估的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.857（0.771～0.938）,灵敏度及特异度分别为0.914（32/35）、0.795（70/88）,均明显高于上述各指标单独检测。结论：心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD和血清BNP、ALB、CysC均为CHF患者预后的影响因素,且联合检测对患者预后的评估价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

肺心通对慢性肺源性心脏病模型大鼠肺动脉高压、血流动力学及肺血管重构的影响

摘要 目的：研究肺心通对慢性肺源性心脏病（CPHD）大鼠的治疗效果,并探讨其治疗对慢性肺源性心脏病大鼠肺动脉高压、血流动力学以及肺血管重构的影响。方法：30只Wistar大鼠被随机均分为正常对照组（Normal control）、模型组（Model）和肺心通组（Feixintong）。模型组和肺心通组大鼠腹腔注射野百合碱建立CPHD模型,肺心通组CPHD大鼠通过灌胃给药肺心通进行治疗3周。治疗3周后,测量三组大鼠0.3秒呼出量（FEV0.3）、呼出肺功能量（FVC）、肺动脉压、左室射血分数（Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）、左心室舒张末期内径（Left ventricular end diastolic diameter ,LVEDD）、室间隔厚度 （Ventricular septal thickness,IVST）和左室后壁厚度（Left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT）、肺动脉收缩压（pulmonary artery systolic pressure,PASP）、血氧分压（Partial pressure of blood oxygen,PO₂）、肺动脉平均压（mean pulmonary artery pressure,mPAP）以及舒张压（pulmonary artery diastolic pressure,PADP）以及肺血管重构相关指标。结果：与模型组大鼠相比,肺心通组大鼠活动量、饮食饮水量以及体重均显著增高,呼吸和舌色等症状均改善。肺心通治疗3周后,CPHD大鼠肺功能指标FEV0.3、FVC和FEV0.3/FVC均显著升高（P<0.05）,心脏功能结构指标LVEF、LVEDD、IVST和LVPWT均显著升高（P<0.05）,血流动力学指标PASP、PADP和mPAP均显著降低（P<0.05）,以及肺血管重构指标MA、WT和WA均显著降低（P<0.05）,而肺血管重构指标NMA却显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：肺心通对慢性肺源性心脏大鼠具有较好的治疗效果,可显著降低慢性肺源性心脏大鼠肺动脉高压,改善其血流动力学变化并有助于重构肺血管。     

心力衰竭患者血清中内源性Apela、NT-proBNP、IL-6水平与心室重塑、心脏储备功能的相关性

摘要 目的：考察心力衰竭患者血清中内源性Apela、N端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平与心室重塑、心脏储备功能的相关性。方法：选取2018年5月至2021年5月,120例急性心肌梗死（AMI）后心力衰竭患者纳入研究。参与者被分为两组：心室重构组（n=51）和非心室重构组（n=69）,另选取同期体检的47名健康受试者作为对照。除了左心室壁厚度（LVWT）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）外,还测量了血清内源性Apela、NT-proBNP和IL-6表达水平。分析血清内源性Apela、NT-proBNP和IL-6与LVWT、LVMI的相关性,评价其预测心室重构的价值。采用6MWT值、D/S值和ΔWMSI评估心脏储备功能。结果：三组左心室壁厚度（LVWT）和LVMI具有差异（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,心室重塑组和非心室重塑组血清内源性Apela水平较低,而IL-6和NT-proBNP水平较高。心室重塑组Apela水平低于非心室重塑组,而IL-6和NT-proBNP水平高于非心室重塑组。三组间血清内源性Apela、IL-6、NT-proBNP水平有差异（P<0.05）;在AMI后心力衰竭患者中,血清内源性Apela与LVWT和LVMI呈显著负相关（r=-0.485,-0.428;P=0.001,0.007）。此外,血清IL-6、NT-proBNP与LVWT和LVMI呈显著正相关（r=0.512,0.426;P=0.000,0.000）（r=0.592,0.530;P=0.000,0.000）;在AMI后心力衰竭患者中,血清内源性Apela水平与6WMD和D/S呈显著负相关（r=-0.659,-0.561;P=0.001,0.001）。此外,血清IL-6水平、NT-proBNP水平与6WMD和D/S呈显著正相关（r=0.203,0.381;P=0.000,0.000）（r=0.521,0.481;P=0.000, 0.000）;Logistic回归分析显示,血清Apela水平越低,血清IL-6和NT-proBNP水平越高,心室重塑的可能性越大。因此,血清内源性Apela、IL-6、NT-proBNP和Killip分级是心室重塑的危险因素。结论：早期联合检测血清内源性Apela、IL-6和 NT-proBNP水平可提高预测心室重塑的准确性,有助于AMI后心力衰竭的早期防治。     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Incorporating Science,Technology, Fairness,and Accountability in Environmental,Health, and Safety Decisions

The Precautionary Principle is in sharp political focus today because (1) the nature of scientific uncertainty is changing and (2) there is increasing pressure to base governmental action on more “rational” schemes, such as cost-benefit analysis and quantitative risk assessment, the former being an embodiment of ‘rational choice theory’ promoted by the Chicago school of law and economics. The Precautionary Principle has been criticized as being both too vague and too arbitrary to form a basis for rational decision making. The assumption underlying this criticism is that any scheme not based on cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment is both irrational and without secure foundation in either science or economics. This paper contests that view and makes explicit the rational tenets of the Precautionary Principle within an analytical framework as rigorous as uncertainties permit, and one that mirrors democratic values embodied in regulatory, compensatory, and common law. Unlike other formulations that reject risk assessment, this paper argues that risk assessment can be used within the formalism of tradeoff analysis—a more appropriate alternative to traditional cost-benefit analysis and one that satisfies the need for well-grounded public policy decision making. This paper will argue that the precautionary approach is the most appropriate basis for policy, even when large uncertainties do not exist, especially where the fairness of the distributions of costs and benefits of hazardous activities and products are a concern. Furthermore, it will offer an approach to making decisions within an analytic framework, based on equity and justice, to replace the economic paradigm of utilitarian cost-benefit analysis.     

Exercise, dobutamine, and combined atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine compared

We compared the cardiovascular effects evoked in conscious dogs by 1) submaximal exercise; 2) infusion of dobutamine (40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1); and 3) infusion of a combination of atropine (0.15 mg/kg), norepinephrine (0.19 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and epinephrine (0.05 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Myocardial O2 demand, as estimated by the double product (heart rate X systolic blood pressure), was similar during all three interventions. Cardiac output and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during each of the three interventions. Arteriovenous O2 difference and total body O2 consumption, however, increased only during submaximal exercise. Although myocardial blood flow increased similarly during each of the three interventions, blood flow to skeletal muscle and the tongue increased only during exercise. Exercise and the combined infusion of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine produced similar increases in blood flow to the diaphragm and similar decreases in blood flow to the stomach. These changes in blood flow were associated with appropriate changes in vascular resistance. Additionally, blood flow to the brain, kidney, adrenal glands, liver, and intestine did not change during any of the three interventions. Thus, in dogs, submaximal exercise, infusion of dobutamine, and infusion of a combination of atropine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine to evoke a given level of estimated myocardial O2 consumption produce similar increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and myocardial blood flow. In contrast, the changes in total body O2 consumption, arteriovenous O2 difference, regional blood flow, and regional vascular resistance that occur during each of these three interventions are different.     

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis

Indians, Markets, and Rainforests: Theory, Methods, and Analysis. Ricardo A. Godoy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 274 pp.