动物胃粘膜提取物对双歧杆菌的促生长作用

本文阐述了不同浓度的动物胃粘膜提取物对双歧杆菌生长繁殖的影响。试验结果表明,胃粘膜提取物对双歧杆菌有明显的促进作用,而且随着浓度增加为1％时,其菌数为4.45亿/ml,而不加提取物的菌数为2.53亿/ml,加胃粘膜提取物的比不加的菌数增长175.9％,促生长作用明显。证明胃粘膜提取物中含有促进双歧杆菌生长因子。     

一种新组分酵母菌培养基的研制及应用

目的：研制一种酵母菌培养基用于快速准确测定食品中酵母菌数。方法：以麦芽汁为基料,加入大豆蛋白胨、酵母浸出粉、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉,正交试验比较酵母菌生长情况来确定各组份含量。结果：MYSPA培养基最佳组成为：去除啤酒花的麦芽汁1000ml,大豆蛋白胨12.5g,酵母浸出粉7g,葡萄糖6g,可溶性淀粉10g。结论：酵母菌以灭菌L型涂布棒涂布在MYSPA培养基上,放置28℃培养48h计数菌落即可。     

紫薯提取物对花叶芋试管苗生长的影响

实验以花叶芋无菌苗为材料,通过研究有机提取物种类,提取物浓度及提取物提取方式对花叶芋试管苗生长的影响,筛选出最适合花叶芋试管苗培养的天然有机提取物。实验结果表明：MS基本培养基中添加紫薯提取物时,花叶芋试管苗生长优于其他植物提取物;当紫薯提取物浓度为10％时,花叶芋试管苗长势最佳;比较紫薯上清液、沉淀物、混合液3种提取方式,紫薯混合液对花叶芋的生长最为有利。     

大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及人肠道菌群生长的影响

目的研究大豆多糖对双歧杆菌及肠道菌群生长的影响。方法替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％、加大豆多糖5％、加低聚果糖2％五组,加3种双歧杆菌（长双歧、青春双歧、两歧双歧）菌液1％,测其24h后的活菌数,比较大豆多糖对双歧杆菌生长的影响;替换Bs培养基中的碳源,分为不加糖、加葡萄糖2％、加大豆多糖2％,加低聚果糖2％四组,加人体粪便菌液1％,模拟人体肠道环境厌氧培养24h后,用选择性培养基测其肠杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的活菌数,观察大豆多糖对人体肠道菌群的影响。结果大豆多糖添加量为5％时对长双歧的促进作用明显优于不加糖组（P〈0．05）;大豆多糖对人体肠道各菌群的生长促进作用与低聚果糖差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论大豆多糖对长双歧杆菌的体外促进作用较明显;以粪菌群发酵糖试验表明,大豆多糖对乳杆菌和双歧杆菌均有促进作用,和低聚果糖作用效果相比差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,具有益生元的特性。     

酵母菌耐酒精机制的研究进展

乙醇是酵母菌发酵糖的重要产物之一．但是当乙醇在培养基中用积到一定浓度时,对酵母菌细胞产生有毒效应．然而,不同的酵母菌菌株对一定浓度的乙醇有不同的抗性,而且在不同培养条件下和生长在不同的培养基中同一株酵母菌对一定浓度的乙醇也有不同的抗性．最近几年来,有的学者从自然界中分离到了或通过遗传工程手段构建了一些能在短时间内产生高浓度酒精（发酵液中的乙醇浓度达到１７．５％ｖ／ｖ以上,而普通酵母菌只能产生９％一！！％ＶＩＶ乙醇）的酵母菌Ｉ‘］．因此酵母苗耐酒精的生化机制引起了许多研究者的浓厚兴趣,因为研究酵母…     

茶条槭悬浮培养体系的建立与没食子酸合成的优化条件

初步建立茶条槭（Acer ginnala）细胞悬浮培养体系：以茶条槭子叶为外植体,接种于WPM培养基中,对茶条槭愈伤组织进行诱导和继代培养。悬浮培养中,每代增长指数达到11．6,没食子酸含量达到1．518％。通过对比NT、IS、WPM、B5和MS培养基所含成分对茶条槭愈伤组织悬浮培养的影响,综合考虑悬浮细胞的生长速率和有效成分的含量,确定WPM为基本培养基。WPM培养基大量元素的浓度对细胞的生长和没食子酸的积累有显著影响,其浓度越高,促进作用越明显。3倍浓度的大量元素最有利于没食子酸的积累。蔗糖浓度为10g·L^-1最适于没食子酸的积累,浓度为30g·L^-1最适于茶条槭细胞生长和没食子酸合成。     

水杨酸、萘乙酸和青霉素对大白桩菇、褐环粘盖牛肝菌及野蘑菇菌丝生长的影响

研究了水杨酸、萘乙酸及青霉素对大白桩菇、褐环粘盖牛肝菌及野蘑菇菌丝生长的影响。结果表明:对大白桩菇,水杨酸的致死浓度不大于1.94×10-4g/mL,培养基中浓度大于1.07×10-4g/mL抑制大白桩菇菌丝生长,浓度在(5.6×10-7)~(5.6×10-5)g/mL范围内能够促进菌丝生长,浓度小于5.6×10-8g/mL则没有明显影响。对褐环粘盖牛肝菌,培养基中水杨酸浓度大于4.76×10-6g/mL有抑制菌丝生长的作用,致死浓度不大于1.90×10-4g/mL。培养基中水杨酸浓度在大于5.6×10-6g/mL条件下对野蘑菇菌丝生长有一定的抑制作用。培养基中萘乙酸浓度在0.056 6~2.264 mg/L范围内对大白桩菇菌丝生长有一定的促进作用。培养基中萘乙酸浓度在0.95~4.75、0.056 6~1.132 mg/L范围内分别对褐环粘盖牛肝菌、野蘑菇菌丝生长基本无影响。培养基中青霉素浓度在(4.57×10-7)~(4.57×10-3)g/mL范围内对褐环粘盖牛肝菌菌丝生长具有抑制作用。培养基中青霉素浓度较低时对大白桩菇菌丝生长起促进作用,浓度大于1.88×10-3g/mL时对大白桩菇菌丝生长起抑制作用。而培养基中青霉素浓度在(1.88×10-7)~(1.88×10-3)g/mL范围内对野蘑菇菌丝生长无明显作用。     

一株降解苯酚的酵母菌的分离与特性

从炼油厂消化污泥中分离到一株酵母菌(Saccharomyces sp.)。该菌能在以苯酚为唯一碳源的培养基上生长。菌落较小,表面不光滑四周呈树枝状,生长的温度范围为25～35℃,生长的pH范围为6—9。在以苯酚为唯一碳源时,能生长的最高酚浓度为1850ppm,蛋白胨、酵母粉能促进酵母菌的生长和降解,且能使酵母菌的耐酚浓度提高到2400ppm。葡萄糖能促进酵母菌的生长。但抑制苯酚的降解。此酵母菌还能利用苯甲酸钠、间苯二酚和油酸。     

嗜热厌氧杆菌X514生长及代谢的初步研究

嗜热厌氧杆菌X514(Thermoanaerobactersp.X514)是纤维素乙醇生产中最具潜力的菌株之一。对X514在3种培养基中的生长及代谢特征进行分析后发现,培养基1190比GS-Ⅱ和2473更适合运用于X514的代谢研究及乙醇发酵。其次,分别在1190培养基中添加不同浓度的酵母提取物和葡萄糖,对X514的生长及代谢作进一步研究。结果表明,在0.5-2 g/L范围内,酵母提取物浓度的增加有助于提高X514的生物量,乙醇等产物的产量及乙醇产率,说明酵母提取物对X514生长及乙醇发酵有促进作用;在2-10 g/L范围内,葡萄糖浓度的增加可提高乙醇等产物的产量而不会改变各产物的产率;糖消耗量并不随着初始底物浓度的增加而线性增长,而是在一定阶段趋于消耗最大值。反映了X514在底物充分的条件下,只有通过改进其他制约条件,才有可能提高底物的利用率及产物的产率。     

低营养浓度培养基分离培养生物膜中的细菌及其鉴定

室内潮湿环境固体表面很容易形成细菌生物膜,这些生物膜生长在不易清除或不被人注意的固体表面,研究这一类生物膜中的细菌类群可以了解其中是否滋生着对人体健康有威胁性的致病菌或条件致病菌。选择某公共浴室内塑料表面生长的生物膜作为分离培养对象,同时使用实验室最常用的LB培养基及其10倍稀释培养基(LB/10)作为分离培养基。结果表明在LB培养基上生长的细菌类群相对单一,并且有单一类群占优势或抑制其他类群生长的现象;而在LB/10培养基上生长的细菌具有更丰富的多样性,并且各类菌的数量分布较均匀,没有出现LB培养基中一种细菌占绝对生长优势的现象。对LB/10上生长的8个菌株的16SrDNA片段序列进行测定和系统发育分析,发现与所分离的细菌系统发育相近的包括多株人体临床分离的病原菌以及未培养细菌(Uncultured bacterium)。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various