麦双尾蚜发生数量与小麦播种期的关系

新疆伊犁和塔城冬、春麦田的麦双尾蚜Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) 有虫株率和百株蚜量,与小麦播种时间密切相关。在小麦正常播种期内,冬小麦晚播可以显著减少麦双尾蚜数量,每晚播种10天,第二年麦双尾蚜有虫株率可以下降40%～70%;春小麦每晚播种10天,麦双尾蚜有虫株率增加30%～88%。     

蓝粒小麦与太谷核不育小麦间染色体片段转移的研究

本文研究的目的是对太谷核不育小麦籽粒进行颜色标记,以便进一步利用太谷核不育小麦。以蓝粒小麦4D-4E二体异代换系作为际记性状供体,利用中国春小麦ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会,增加同组染色体间的交换,使4D染色体上的Tai基因与4E染色体上的蓝胚乳基因连锁。在本实验杂交组合[(Taitai×phph)×蓝粒小麦]×phph~2 F_3中得到一个蓝粒高不育穗行,经分析与继代观察,初步认为这一穗行为4E带有蓝胚乳基因的染色体片段转侈到4D染色体上,使蓝胚乳基因与Tai基因发生不完全连锁。同时对ph突变体诱导部分同源染色体联会的作用等问题进行了探讨。     

通过基因枪轰击转化获得转基因小麦植株的研究

利用ＪＱ－７００型高速基因枪将ｐＤＭ３０２质粒ＤＮＡ上的ｂａｒ基因即ＰＡＴ酶基因导入了冬小麦品种“农大１４６”的幼胚中。经过在含有的选择培养基上筛选,得到了９块具有ｐｐｔ抗性的愈伤组织。ＰＣＲ电泳检测与ＰＣＲ－Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ发要交结果显示,外源ｂａｒ基因已转化进了由其中４块愈伤组织再生出的转基因的小麦植株中。     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG WHEAT SPIKE: A SEM STUDY OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT

The number of leaves on the main culm was correlated with morphological changes in the wheat spike during development, up to the terminal spikelet stage. The developmental changes were divided into nine stages, which were compared with stages described by other investigators. Several environmental conditions were utilized to determine the consistency of morphological correlations. Although the different environments did influence the length of time required to reach the various stages, the relationship between leaf number and stage of spike development was consistent. Regardless of environmental conditions, all stages were evident. Vernalization period affected the number of spikelets. Plants vernalized 6 wk produced 17–19 spikelets, compared to 21–24 spikelets on plants vernalized 3 wk. There were three major morphological events during spike development: 1) the change from vegetative to reproductive growth, 2) lateral spikelet development, and 3) the initiation and development of the terminal spikelet.