曼盲蝽属中国种类研究（盲蝽科：单室盲蝽亚科）

本文记述了曼盲蝽属１９１５的７个新种;环曼盲蝽,脊曼盲蝽;狭长曼盲蝽,黄翅曼盲蝽;胡桃曼盲蝽;瑰环曼盲蝽;赤环曼盲蝽。提出３个新组合;均由Ｐａｃｈｙｐｅｌｔｉｓ Ｓｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ属移入本属,模式标本存放于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类记述（半翅目，盲蝽科，单室盲蝽亚科）

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocoris5个种,其中包括3新种：黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp.nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigrofiavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M.ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种：大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1人新纪录属：榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种：泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensis Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetraxtigma Yasunaga,2000。     

红楔盲蝽属二新种及叶盲蝽族五新记录种记述（半翅目，盲蝽科，叶盲蝽亚科）

本文首次记述了红楔盲蝽属在中国的分布,并描述了该属2新种： 矛红楔盲蝽Rubrocuneocoris lanceus sp. nov.和武定红楔盲蝽Rubrocuneocoris wudingensis sp. nov.。 报道了叶盲蝽族中国5新纪录种： 小圆头盲蝽Decomia tytthos Schuh,1984,黄薄盲蝽Moissonia importunitas (Distant,1910),新几内亚薄盲蝽Moissonia novoguinensis (Schuh,1984),齿单突盲蝽Opuna ryandi Schuh,1984及北方囊鞘盲蝽Sacculifer rufinervis (Jakovlev,1880)。提供了成虫体背面观照片及雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所。     

中国树丽盲蝽属分类研究：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文报道我国树丽盲蝽属种类共１７种。提出３个新组合：Ａｒｄａｓｙｐｔｅｒｕｓ ,ｃｏｍｂ ．ｎｏｖ．Ａｒ．ｐｒｏｎｏｔａｌｉｓ ,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;并记述了９个新种,衰劳树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ａｉｌａｏｅｎｓｉｓ喜马树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｈｉｍａｌａｙｉｃｕｓ,狭长树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｌｏｎｇｕｌｕｓ,任氏树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｒｅｎａｅ,黑褐树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｐｉｃｉｎｕｓ,环胫树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｔｉｂｉａｌｉｓ,五指山树丽盲蝽Ａ     

中国长垫盲蝽属记述（半翅目：盲蝽科：叶盲蝽亚科）

记述中国长垫盲蝽属,描述该属1新种:临泽长垫盲蝽Camptotylidea linzensis sp.nov.,提供了虫体背面观照片及雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学昆虫学研究所。     

中国蕨盲蝽属分类修订（半翅目：盲蝽科）

本文提议将蕨盲蝽属Ｂｒｙｏｃｏｒｉｓ Ｆａｌｌｅｎ分为两个亚属：蕨盲蝽亚属ｓｕｂｇ．Ｂｒｙｏｃｏｒｉｓ Ｆａｌｌｅｎ和锥喙蕨盲昃亚属ｓｕｂｇ、Ｃｏｂａｌｏｒｒｈｙｎｃｈｕｓ Ｒｅｕｔｅｒ（ｓｔａｔ．ｎｏｖ．）。文中记载此属的中国种类共１３种,包括８个新种：卜氏蕨盲蝽Ｂ．ｂｕｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（正模♂,云南绿春）,凹北蕨盲蝽Ｂ．ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（正模♂,云南云龙）,李氏蕨盲蝽Ｂ．ｌｉ     

草盲蝽属中国种类纪要：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文共记述半翅目盲蝽科的常见属—草盲蝽属Lygus(s.str.)Hahn中国种类共11种。其中包括3个新种:毛斑草盲蝽L.paradiscrepans sp.nov.,西藏草盲蝽L.tibetanus sp.nov.,萧氏草盲蝽L.hsiaoi sp.nov.;1个中国新记录种:瓦氏草盲蝽L.wagneri(Remane);以及1项新组合:将poluensis Wagner由Exolygus Wagner属移入本属。文章提供了名录、分布纪录和新种描述     

中国大陆摩盲蝽亚族种类记述(半翅目:盲蝽科:单室盲蝽亚科)

记述了盲蝽科单室盲蝽亚科Bryocorinae摩盲蝽亚族Monaloniina Reuter,1892中除已另文发表的曼盲蝽属Mansoniella Poppius以外的中国大陆种类,计7属15种,包括1个新属：拟颈盲蝽属Parapachypeltis gen.nov.,2个新纪录属即狄盲蝽属Dimia Kerzhner,1988,拉盲蝽属Ragwelellus Odhiambo,1962,4新种即单色真颈盲蝽Eupachypeltis unicolor sp.nov.,弯带非盲蝽Felisacus curvatus sp.nov,刻胸拟颈盲蝽Parapachypeltis punctatus sp.nov.红色拉盲蝽Ragwelellus rubrinus sp.nov.,4新纪录种即种狄盲蝽Dimia inexpectata Kerzhner,1988,印尼菲盲蝽Felisacus magnificus Distant,1904,文中附有中国已知属,种检索表（包括曼盲蝽属）,共计8属32种,模式标本存南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类E述(半翅目,盲蝽科,单室盲蝽亚科)

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocorgs 5个种,其中包括3新种:黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp. nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigroflavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M. ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种:大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1个新纪录属:榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种:泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensgs Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetrastigma Yasunaga,2000.     

中国的厚盲蝽属和拟厚盲蝽属（半翅目：盲蝽科）

本文共记述盲蝽科盲蝽亚科的厚盲蝽属(Eurystylus stal)和拟厚盲蝽属(Eurystylopsis Poppius)的中国种类共7种,其中包括1个新种:中国拟厚盲蝽Eurystylopsis chinensis sp.n.(模式产地:四川、云南),1个中国新记录种:缅甸厚盲蝽Eurystylus burmanicus(Distant)。提出1项新组合关系:即原已由Kititschenko(1913)移人Eurystylus属的Calocoris clavicornis Jakovlev应归于Eurystylopsis属中。并肯定淡缘厚盲蝽Eurystylus costalis Stal可严重破坏枣花,影响枣树结实,造成明显的减产。     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.     

Antimicrobials: Genomics: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the reviews published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.     

Anomala trapezifera species-group: a burst of diversity (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

The species Anomala aereiventris n. sp., A. aspersa n. sp., A. atrivillosa n. sp., A. clarivillosa n. sp., A. contusa n. sp., A. eusticta n. sp., A. hiata n. sp., A. latifalculata n. sp., A. leopardina n. sp., A. levicollis n. sp., A. longisacculata n. sp., A. m-fuscum n. sp., A. perspicax n. sp., A. piccolina n. sp., A. globulata n. sp., A. stillaticia n. sp., A. subridens n. sp., A. subusta n. sp., A. tenoriensis n. sp., A. tuberculata n. sp. and A. vallisneria n. sp. from Costa Rica are described. These species and A. polygona Bates 1888, A. trapezifera Bates 1888 and A. vulcanicola Ohaus 1897 are placed in a new species-group, named after A. trapezifera, whose diagnosis is provided. Their distribution patterns are discussed.     

Focus: Personalized Medicine: Bygiene: The New Paradigm of Bidirectional Hygiene

The pervasive dogma surrounding the evolution of virulence — namely, that a pathogen’s virulence decreases over time to prevent threatening its host — is an archaic assertion that is more appropriately cast as an optimization of virulence cost and benefit. However, the prevailing attitudes underlying practices of medical hygiene and sanitization remain entrenched in these passé ideas. This is true despite the emergence of evidence linking those practices to mounting virulence and antimicrobial resistance in the hospital. It is, therefore, our position that just as the microbe has sought an optimized balance in virulence, so should we seek such an optimized balance in vigilance, complementing warfare with restoration. We call this approach “bygiene,” or bidirectional hygiene.     

BIO::Phylo-phyloinformatic analysis using perl

Background  

Phyloinformatic analyses involve large amounts of data and metadata of complex structure. Collecting, processing, analyzing, visualizing and summarizing these data and metadata should be done in steps that can be automated and reproduced. This requires flexible, modular toolkits that can represent, manipulate and persist phylogenetic data and metadata as objects with programmable interfaces.     

Focus: Health Equity: The Sick Bias

This perspectives piece shares the experience of a trainee during the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertains to initial patient evaluations and the subsequent impact they have on patient outcomes. Specifically highlighting the value of approaching every patient as sick before deeming them as well – this approach to triaging is defined as a “sick bias” throughout the piece. Unfortunately, this initial evaluation can be influenced by explicit and implicit biases of the provider that highlight health inequities within their patient’s care.     

O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses: 1,2-O-,1,2:4,6-, and 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene derivatives

Solutions of 1,2-O-acetoxonium chlorides derived from O-acetylated D-allopyranose derivatives were treated with sodium borohydride to give three pairs of previously unknown 1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranose diastereoisomers: 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; 4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; and 3-O-benzyl-1,2:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses. Examples of a second class of novel O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses, the diastereoisomeric methyl 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranosides, were prepared by treating methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-alloside with acetaldehyde-sulfuric acid. Assignments of dioxolane ring configurations and pyranose conformations were made by n.m.r. analyses.     

Ecology and industrial microbiology: Techniques: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to papers published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.     

Review: Beef-eating quality: a European journey

This paper reviews recent research into predicting the eating qualities of beef. A range of instrumental and grading approaches have been discussed, highlighting implications for the European beef industry. Studies incorporating a number of instrumental and spectroscopic techniques illustrate the potential for online systems to non-destructively measure muscle pH, colour, fat and moisture content of beef with R² (coefficient of determination) values >0.90. Direct predictions of eating quality (tenderness, flavour, juiciness) and fatty acid content using these methods are also discussed though success is greatly variable. R² values for instrumental measures of tenderness have been quoted as high as 0.85 though R² values for sensory tenderness values can be as low as 0.01. Discriminant analysis models can improve prediction of variables such as pH and shear force, correctly classifying beef samples into categorical groups with >90% accuracy. Prediction of beef flavour continues to challenge researchers and the industry alike, with R² values rarely quoted above 0.50, regardless of instrumental or statistical analysis used. Beef grading systems such as EUROP and United States Department of Agriculture systems provide carcase classification and some indication of yield. Other systems attempt to classify the whole carcase according to expected eating quality. These are being supplemented by schemes such as Meat Standards Australia (MSA), based on consumer satisfaction for individual cuts. In Australia, MSA has grown steadily since its inception generating a 10% premium for the beef industry in 2015-16 of $187 million. There is evidence that European consumers would respond to an eating quality guarantee provided it is simple and independently controlled. A European beef quality assurance system might encompass environmental and nutritional measures as well as eating quality and would need to be profitable, simple, effective and sufficiently flexible to allow companies to develop their own brands.