中国广西大瑶山瘿螨新属和新种（蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨总科）

记述采自广西的瘿螨总科10属10新种。新属二环顶背瘿螨属Tegosecanus gen. nov. 的主要属鉴别特征为：螨体为纺锤形,胛毛位于盾后缘之前,螨体背环光滑,腹环具微瘤,背环具中纵脊,终止于2侧脊之前,第2背环宽,覆盖于其后的二背环之上,第3–4背环具侧突。10新种分别是：油杉三毛瘿螨Trisetacus fortunei sp. nov.;桂林雕瘿螨Glyptacus kweilinensus sp. nov.;腺叶桂樱新拟尖叶瘿螨Neoacaphyllisa phaeosticta sp. nov.;山黄麻尖空瘿螨Oxycenus tomentosae sp. nov.;拟赤杨小叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptacus fortuneir sp. nov.;金秀二环顶背瘿螨Tegosecans jinxiuensis sp. nov.;古柯上瘿螨Epitrimerus sinensis sp. nov.;润楠叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptes glaucifoliae sp. nov.;山麻风羽爪瘿螨Diptilomiopus pomiferae sp. nov.;卫矛维氏瘿螨Vimola laxifloris sp. nov. 上述所有瘿螨新种均生活在寄主叶片背面,无明显为害状。     

中国顶背瘿螨属三新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨科：顶背瘿螨族）

记述中国顶背瘿螨属3新种,分别是：马蹄荷顶背瘿螨Tegonotus exbucklandiae sp. nov.,为害马蹄荷 (金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae),连蕊藤顶背瘿螨Tegonotus parabaenae sp. nov.,为害连蕊藤 (防己科科Menispermaceae),松顶背瘿螨Tegonotus pini sp. nov.,为害马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb. (松科Pinaceae)。所有瘿螨均在叶背自由活动。文中还提供了中国顶背瘿螨属种的检索表。     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨总科)

该文记述叶刺瘿螨亚科(Phyllocoptinae)三新种;绍兴刺瘿螨Aculus shaoxingensis sp. Nov.,苦豆子刺皮瘿螨Aculops alopecuroides sp.nov和垂柳刺皮瘿螨Aculops babylonicae sp.     

中国瘿螨科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

记述瘿螨科3新种：紫珠瘤瘿螨Aceria callicarpae,sp.nov.,寄主为大叶紫珠;甜茶叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes suavissimi,sp.nov.,寄主为甜茶;以及黄瑞木畸瘿螨Abacarus adinandrae sp.nov.,寄主为亮叶黄瑞木。     

羽毛瘿螨科3新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：羽爪瘿螨科）

记述羽爪瘿螨科3个新种：扁担杆鼻植羽瘿植Rhinophytoptus grewiae sp.nov.,寄主为扁担杆;喜树蜡皮瘿螨Apodiptacus comptothecae sp.nov.,寄主为喜树：竹无毛双羽瘿螨Asetadiptacus indosasae sp.nov.,寄主为大节竹。     

中国羽扑瘿螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：羽爪瘿螨科）

记述羽扑瘿螨科2个新种：忍冬双羽扑瘿螨Diptacus lonicerae sp.nov.，寄主为忍冬；山莓双羽扑瘿螨Diptacus rubi sp.nov.，寄主为山莓。     

中国瘿螨科五新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

5新种是丁香顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus syringae sp.nov.,寄主为丁香;黍顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus panici sp.nov.,寄主为黍;胡枝子顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus lessedezae sp.nov.,寄主为胡枝子;毛竹畸瘿螨Abacarus phyllostachyis sp.nov.,寄主为毛竹;渝畸瘿螨Abacarus yunensis sp.nov.,寄主为竹。     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科四新种记述(蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨科)

记述了叶刺瘿螨亚科(Phyllocoptinae)四新种：茅莓上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus rubi sp.nov.,槐顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus sophorae sp.nov.,丁香四刺瘿螨Tetraspinus syringae sp.nov.和柳副四瘿螨Paratetra sallicis sp.nov.。     

广西十万大山瘿螨一新属五新种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

新属为拟叶剌瘿螨属Paraphyllocoptes gen.nov.,模式种为十万山拟叶刺瘿螨Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp.nov..5个新种是十万山拟叶剌瘿螨Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp.nov.,假蒌上瘿螨Epitrimerus piper sp.nov.,润楠叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptes machilus sp.nov.,广西斜背瘤瘿螨Vasates guangxiensis sp.nov.和棋子豆分位瘿螨Disella cylindrokeluphae sp.nov..     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科一新属三新种一新纪录种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

描述叶刺瘿螨亚科Phyllocoptinae新属为：新上三脊瘿螨属Neocalepitrimerus gen.nov.,3新种是金樱新上三脊瘿螨Neocalepitrimerus rosa sp.nov.,寄主植物是金樱子Rosalaevigata（Michx）;山绿豆四瘿螨Tetra desmodium sp.nov.,寄主植物是异果山绿豆Desmodium heterocarpum（L.）;叶下珠顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus phyllathus sp.nov.,寄主植物是叶下珠Phyllathus sp.;1新纪录种是土密树四瘿螨Tetra bridelineDas＆Chakrabati。     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.     

Antimicrobials: Genomics: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the reviews published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.     

Anomala trapezifera species-group: a burst of diversity (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

The species Anomala aereiventris n. sp., A. aspersa n. sp., A. atrivillosa n. sp., A. clarivillosa n. sp., A. contusa n. sp., A. eusticta n. sp., A. hiata n. sp., A. latifalculata n. sp., A. leopardina n. sp., A. levicollis n. sp., A. longisacculata n. sp., A. m-fuscum n. sp., A. perspicax n. sp., A. piccolina n. sp., A. globulata n. sp., A. stillaticia n. sp., A. subridens n. sp., A. subusta n. sp., A. tenoriensis n. sp., A. tuberculata n. sp. and A. vallisneria n. sp. from Costa Rica are described. These species and A. polygona Bates 1888, A. trapezifera Bates 1888 and A. vulcanicola Ohaus 1897 are placed in a new species-group, named after A. trapezifera, whose diagnosis is provided. Their distribution patterns are discussed.     

Focus: Personalized Medicine: Bygiene: The New Paradigm of Bidirectional Hygiene

The pervasive dogma surrounding the evolution of virulence — namely, that a pathogen’s virulence decreases over time to prevent threatening its host — is an archaic assertion that is more appropriately cast as an optimization of virulence cost and benefit. However, the prevailing attitudes underlying practices of medical hygiene and sanitization remain entrenched in these passé ideas. This is true despite the emergence of evidence linking those practices to mounting virulence and antimicrobial resistance in the hospital. It is, therefore, our position that just as the microbe has sought an optimized balance in virulence, so should we seek such an optimized balance in vigilance, complementing warfare with restoration. We call this approach “bygiene,” or bidirectional hygiene.     

BIO::Phylo-phyloinformatic analysis using perl

Background  

Phyloinformatic analyses involve large amounts of data and metadata of complex structure. Collecting, processing, analyzing, visualizing and summarizing these data and metadata should be done in steps that can be automated and reproduced. This requires flexible, modular toolkits that can represent, manipulate and persist phylogenetic data and metadata as objects with programmable interfaces.     

Focus: Health Equity: The Sick Bias

This perspectives piece shares the experience of a trainee during the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertains to initial patient evaluations and the subsequent impact they have on patient outcomes. Specifically highlighting the value of approaching every patient as sick before deeming them as well – this approach to triaging is defined as a “sick bias” throughout the piece. Unfortunately, this initial evaluation can be influenced by explicit and implicit biases of the provider that highlight health inequities within their patient’s care.     

O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses: 1,2-O-,1,2:4,6-, and 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene derivatives

Solutions of 1,2-O-acetoxonium chlorides derived from O-acetylated D-allopyranose derivatives were treated with sodium borohydride to give three pairs of previously unknown 1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranose diastereoisomers: 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; 4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; and 3-O-benzyl-1,2:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses. Examples of a second class of novel O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses, the diastereoisomeric methyl 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranosides, were prepared by treating methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-alloside with acetaldehyde-sulfuric acid. Assignments of dioxolane ring configurations and pyranose conformations were made by n.m.r. analyses.     

Ecology and industrial microbiology: Techniques: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to papers published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.     

Revision of the Clytra subfasciata species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini)

The Clytra subfasciata species group is proposed, to comprise Clytra subfasciata Lacordaire, 1848 Lacordaire, J. T. (1848): Monographie des coléoptères subpentamères de la famille des phytophages. Tome second. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége, 5, 1–890 pp. [Google Scholar], C. hajeki Medvedev &; Kantner, 2002 Medvedev, L. N., &; Kantner, F. (2002): Some new and poorly know Clytrinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Old World. Entomologica Basiliensia, 24, 259–269. [Google Scholar] and C. kadleci sp. n. (Yemen). The species of the group are characterised by the peculiar shape of the aedeagus, with a dorsal plate separated from the rest of aedeagus by a deep narrow slit. Colour photographs of habitus and drawings of genitalia are provided for all three species.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6706A76-CD49-4A5A-A109-A6E6C23514A5