中国广西大瑶山瘿螨新属和新种（蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨总科）

记述采自广西的瘿螨总科10属10新种。新属二环顶背瘿螨属Tegosecanus gen. nov. 的主要属鉴别特征为：螨体为纺锤形,胛毛位于盾后缘之前,螨体背环光滑,腹环具微瘤,背环具中纵脊,终止于2侧脊之前,第2背环宽,覆盖于其后的二背环之上,第3–4背环具侧突。10新种分别是：油杉三毛瘿螨Trisetacus fortunei sp. nov.;桂林雕瘿螨Glyptacus kweilinensus sp. nov.;腺叶桂樱新拟尖叶瘿螨Neoacaphyllisa phaeosticta sp. nov.;山黄麻尖空瘿螨Oxycenus tomentosae sp. nov.;拟赤杨小叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptacus fortuneir sp. nov.;金秀二环顶背瘿螨Tegosecans jinxiuensis sp. nov.;古柯上瘿螨Epitrimerus sinensis sp. nov.;润楠叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptes glaucifoliae sp. nov.;山麻风羽爪瘿螨Diptilomiopus pomiferae sp. nov.;卫矛维氏瘿螨Vimola laxifloris sp. nov. 上述所有瘿螨新种均生活在寄主叶片背面,无明显为害状。     

山西刺皮瘿螨属三新种记述（瘿螨总科：瘿螨科：叶刺瘿螨亚科）

记述采自山西历山自然保护区的瘿螨3新种：山马兰刺皮瘿螨Aculops kalimeris Xie sp. nov., 寄主是山马兰Kalimeris lautureana (Debx.) Kitam. (菊科Compositae)；稠李刺皮瘿螨Aculops padus Xie sp. nov.，寄主是稠李Prunus padus Linn. (蔷薇科Rosaceae)；野豌豆刺皮瘿螨Aculops sepius Xie sp. nov.，寄主是野豌豆Vicia sepium Linn. (豆科Fabaceae)。模式标本保存在安康学院农学与生命科学学院。     

广西十万大山瘿螨一新属五新种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

新属为拟叶剌瘿螨属Paraphyllocoptes gen.nov.,模式种为十万山拟叶刺瘿螨Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp.nov..5个新种是十万山拟叶剌瘿螨Paraphyllocoptes shiwanshanensis sp.nov.,假蒌上瘿螨Epitrimerus piper sp.nov.,润楠叶剌瘿螨Phyllocoptes machilus sp.nov.,广西斜背瘤瘿螨Vasates guangxiensis sp.nov.和棋子豆分位瘿螨Disella cylindrokeluphae sp.nov..     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科四新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

记述叶刺瘿螨亚科4新种：粗毛榕上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus fici Wei,sp．nov．,大叶紫珠上瘿螨Epitrimerus callicarpae Wei et Li,sp．nov．,木姜子五脊瘿螨Pentamerus litseae Wei et Chen,sp．nov．和三又苦顶背瘿螨Tegonotus evodiae Wei,sp．nov．。模式标本保存在广西大学农学院。     

中国顶冠瘿螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：瘿螨科）

记述顶冠瘿螨属Tegolophus Keifer1961,2新种,即：算盘子顶冠瘿螨Tegolo-phus glochidionis sp.nov.,分布于湖南株州市;马甲子顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus paliurus sp.nov.,分布于重庆市。     

中国瘿螨科五新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

5新种是丁香顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus syringae sp.nov.,寄主为丁香;黍顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus panici sp.nov.,寄主为黍;胡枝子顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus lessedezae sp.nov.,寄主为胡枝子;毛竹畸瘿螨Abacarus phyllostachyis sp.nov.,寄主为毛竹;渝畸瘿螨Abacarus yunensis sp.nov.,寄主为竹。     

中国伪足瘿螨亚科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

记述了伪足瘿螨亚科Nothopodinae 3新种:黄葛树同足瘿螨Colopodacus uirens sp.nov.,继木伪足瘿螨Nothopoda chinense sp.nov.,扁担藤分位瘿螨Disella planicaule sp.nov..本文所用量度单位均为μm.模式标本保存在广西大学农学院.     

叶刺瘿螨亚科一新属三新种：真螨目：瘿螨科

新属为新诺尔瘿螨属Neoknorella Kuang et Feng,gen.nov.三新种是竹新诺尔瘿螨Neoknorella bambusae sp.nov.,竹裂柄瘿螨 Dichopelmus bambusae sp.nov.和樟无伪足瘿Anothopoda cinnamomi sp.nov.,它们均营自由生活。     

中国叶刺瘿螨亚科一新属三新种一新纪录种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨科)

描述叶刺瘿螨亚科Phyllocoptinae新属为：新上三脊瘿螨属Neocalepitrimerus gen.nov.,3新种是金樱新上三脊瘿螨Neocalepitrimerus rosa sp.nov.,寄主植物是金樱子Rosalaevigata（Michx）;山绿豆四瘿螨Tetra desmodium sp.nov.,寄主植物是异果山绿豆Desmodium heterocarpum（L.）;叶下珠顶冠瘿螨Tegolophus phyllathus sp.nov.,寄主植物是叶下珠Phyllathus sp.;1新纪录种是土密树四瘿螨Tetra bridelineDas＆Chakrabati。     

中国瘿螨科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨总科)

记述瘿螨科3新种：紫珠瘤瘿螨Aceria callicarpae,sp.nov.,寄主为大叶紫珠;甜茶叶刺瘿螨Phyllocoptes suavissimi,sp.nov.,寄主为甜茶;以及黄瑞木畸瘿螨Abacarus adinandrae sp.nov.,寄主为亮叶黄瑞木。     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.     

Antimicrobials: Genomics: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the reviews published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.     

Anomala trapezifera species-group: a burst of diversity (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

The species Anomala aereiventris n. sp., A. aspersa n. sp., A. atrivillosa n. sp., A. clarivillosa n. sp., A. contusa n. sp., A. eusticta n. sp., A. hiata n. sp., A. latifalculata n. sp., A. leopardina n. sp., A. levicollis n. sp., A. longisacculata n. sp., A. m-fuscum n. sp., A. perspicax n. sp., A. piccolina n. sp., A. globulata n. sp., A. stillaticia n. sp., A. subridens n. sp., A. subusta n. sp., A. tenoriensis n. sp., A. tuberculata n. sp. and A. vallisneria n. sp. from Costa Rica are described. These species and A. polygona Bates 1888, A. trapezifera Bates 1888 and A. vulcanicola Ohaus 1897 are placed in a new species-group, named after A. trapezifera, whose diagnosis is provided. Their distribution patterns are discussed.     

Focus: Personalized Medicine: Bygiene: The New Paradigm of Bidirectional Hygiene

The pervasive dogma surrounding the evolution of virulence — namely, that a pathogen’s virulence decreases over time to prevent threatening its host — is an archaic assertion that is more appropriately cast as an optimization of virulence cost and benefit. However, the prevailing attitudes underlying practices of medical hygiene and sanitization remain entrenched in these passé ideas. This is true despite the emergence of evidence linking those practices to mounting virulence and antimicrobial resistance in the hospital. It is, therefore, our position that just as the microbe has sought an optimized balance in virulence, so should we seek such an optimized balance in vigilance, complementing warfare with restoration. We call this approach “bygiene,” or bidirectional hygiene.     

BIO::Phylo-phyloinformatic analysis using perl

Background  

Phyloinformatic analyses involve large amounts of data and metadata of complex structure. Collecting, processing, analyzing, visualizing and summarizing these data and metadata should be done in steps that can be automated and reproduced. This requires flexible, modular toolkits that can represent, manipulate and persist phylogenetic data and metadata as objects with programmable interfaces.     

Focus: Health Equity: The Sick Bias

This perspectives piece shares the experience of a trainee during the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertains to initial patient evaluations and the subsequent impact they have on patient outcomes. Specifically highlighting the value of approaching every patient as sick before deeming them as well – this approach to triaging is defined as a “sick bias” throughout the piece. Unfortunately, this initial evaluation can be influenced by explicit and implicit biases of the provider that highlight health inequities within their patient’s care.     

O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses: 1,2-O-,1,2:4,6-, and 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene derivatives

Solutions of 1,2-O-acetoxonium chlorides derived from O-acetylated D-allopyranose derivatives were treated with sodium borohydride to give three pairs of previously unknown 1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranose diastereoisomers: 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; 4,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses; and 3-O-benzyl-1,2:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranoses. Examples of a second class of novel O-ethylidene-D-allopyranoses, the diastereoisomeric methyl 2,3:4,6-di-O-ethylidene-α-D-allopyranosides, were prepared by treating methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-alloside with acetaldehyde-sulfuric acid. Assignments of dioxolane ring configurations and pyranose conformations were made by n.m.r. analyses.     

Review: Beef-eating quality: a European journey

This paper reviews recent research into predicting the eating qualities of beef. A range of instrumental and grading approaches have been discussed, highlighting implications for the European beef industry. Studies incorporating a number of instrumental and spectroscopic techniques illustrate the potential for online systems to non-destructively measure muscle pH, colour, fat and moisture content of beef with R² (coefficient of determination) values >0.90. Direct predictions of eating quality (tenderness, flavour, juiciness) and fatty acid content using these methods are also discussed though success is greatly variable. R² values for instrumental measures of tenderness have been quoted as high as 0.85 though R² values for sensory tenderness values can be as low as 0.01. Discriminant analysis models can improve prediction of variables such as pH and shear force, correctly classifying beef samples into categorical groups with >90% accuracy. Prediction of beef flavour continues to challenge researchers and the industry alike, with R² values rarely quoted above 0.50, regardless of instrumental or statistical analysis used. Beef grading systems such as EUROP and United States Department of Agriculture systems provide carcase classification and some indication of yield. Other systems attempt to classify the whole carcase according to expected eating quality. These are being supplemented by schemes such as Meat Standards Australia (MSA), based on consumer satisfaction for individual cuts. In Australia, MSA has grown steadily since its inception generating a 10% premium for the beef industry in 2015-16 of $187 million. There is evidence that European consumers would respond to an eating quality guarantee provided it is simple and independently controlled. A European beef quality assurance system might encompass environmental and nutritional measures as well as eating quality and would need to be profitable, simple, effective and sufficiently flexible to allow companies to develop their own brands.     

Ecology and industrial microbiology: Techniques: Web alert

A selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to papers published in this issue of Current Opinion in Microbiology.