抗肿瘤活性化合物谷氨酰胺衍生物研究 Ⅰ.3-(p-甲基苯磺酰)氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮的合成及其晶体结构和分子结构研究

将谷氨酰胺与对甲苯磺酰氯缩合,经加热脱水环合,合成了抗瘤酮A10的类似物3—(p-甲基苯磺酰)氨基-2,6-哌啶二酮。采用X-射线单晶衍射研究了它的晶体和分子结构。     

普罗帕酮引起阿——斯综合症1例

普罗帕酮(propafenone;心律平)是一种高效、快速、较广谱的新型抗心律失常药。临床研究表明该药对各种病因所致的心律失常包括室性和室上性快速心律失常及伴有预激综合症的心律失常均有相当疗效(1),但近年来有关该药的副作用报道日见增多,尤其是心血管系统副作用的发生率达18.1～24.1％(2),引起阿——斯综合症等严重并发症也偶有发现。我们     

小分子免疫调节剂 L—2—(3—羟基—4—羟甲基苯基)—甘氨酸前体物 DL—2—(3—羟基—4—羟甲基苯基)—N—乙酰基甘氨酸的合成

本文通过对小分子免疲调节剂L—2—(3—羟基—4—羟甲基苯基)—甘氨酸(英文名:Forphenicinol)前体物DL—2—(3—羟基—4—羟甲基苯基)—N—乙酰基甘氨酸的合成方法研究,探索了终产物Forphenicinol 的合成路线及实验方法、并通过对各步产物之红外光谱分析,确证各步产物之主要特征吸收峰,为今后的合成工作打下良好之基础、     

抗心律失常药对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响

目的:研究抗心律失常药对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响。方法:采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,记录并分析了四类抗心律失常药及腺苷对离体豚鼠左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的效应。结果:ⅠA类抗心律失常药1μmol/L奎尼丁可使左心室流出道自发慢反应电位的放电频率(RPF)和4相自动去极速度(VDD)减慢(P0.05),动作电位幅度(APA)降低(P0.05),0相最大去极速度(Vmax)减慢(P0.05),复极50%(APD50)和90%时间(APD90)延长(P0.05);ⅠB类抗心律失常药1μmol/L利多卡因灌流标本后,RPF和VDD减慢(P0.05),最大复极电位(MDP)绝对值和APA减小(P0.05),Vmax减慢(P0.05),APD50和APD90缩短(P0.05);ⅠC类抗心律失常药0.5μmol/L普罗帕酮可使RPF(P0.01)和VDD(P0.05)减慢,APA降低(P0.05),Vmax减慢(P0.01),APD50(P0.01)和APD90(P0.05)延长;Ⅱ类抗心律失常药5μmol/L普萘洛尔可使RPF和VDD减慢(P0.01),MDP绝对值和APA减小(P0.01),Vmax减慢(P0.05),APD50和APD90延长(P0.01);Ⅲ类抗心律失常药1μmol/L胺碘酮可使RPF和VDD减慢(P0.01),APA降低(P0.01),Vmax减慢(P0.05),APD50(P0.01)和APD90(P0.05)延长;Ⅳ类抗心律失常药1μmol/L维拉帕米可使RPF和VDD减慢(P0.01),MDP绝对值和APA减小(P0.05),Vmax减慢(P0.05),APD50和APD90延长(P0.05);50μmol/L腺苷可使RPF和VDD减慢(P0.05),APA降低(P0.05),Vmax减慢(P0.01),APD50和APD90缩短(P0.05)。结论:抗心律失常药均可显著降低左心室流出道组织的自律性,通过改变APD50和APD90影响有效不应期而起到抗心律失常作用。     

心室钾通道电流对室性心律失常的影响及调控

本文采用犬心室外膜细胞模型,仿真模拟了不同剂量药物阻滞钾通道电流(iKr和iKs)对室性心律失常产生的影响及调控作用。结果发现,适当阻滞钾电流可减轻室性心律失常,甚至使心律恢复正常。然而,若药物剂量使用过大,过度阻滞钾电流,则会引起早期后除极(earlyafterdepolarization,EAD)的产生,导致室性心律失常症状的加重。此时,我们可以通过调节细胞外钠离子浓度([Na+]o)和晚钠电流(iNaL)等方法来减轻或消除这种负面影响。     

人参皂苷的心血管药理效应:进展与思考

人参是在中国乃至东南亚地区应用历史最为悠久、应用人群最为广泛的传统中药之一.近50年来,国内外学者对人参的主要化学成分、药理效应及临床应用进行了大量研究.本文从抗动脉粥样硬化、抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抑制心室重构等方面对近10年来国内外对人参的主要化学成分(人参皂苷)的心血管药理效应及作用机制的研究进展进行系统归纳并提出相关思考,以求为进一步提高其研究水平、扩大临床应用提供科学化依据.     

胺碘酮联合美托洛尔静脉注射治疗快速心律失常的临床效果观察

目的探讨胺碘酮联合美托洛尔静脉注射治疗快速心律失常患者的临床效果。方法选取38例快速心律失常患者为研究组,予以胺碘酮联合美托洛尔静脉注射治疗;同期选取38例快速心律失常患者为对照组,单纯予以胺碘酮治疗。观察比较两组患者心律转复率和整体有效率。结果研究组患者的整体有效率为94.74%,心律转复率为97.37%,高于对照组的78.95%和81.58%,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胺碘酮联合美托洛尔静脉注射治疗快速心律失常的临床效果显著,值得推广应用。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与门脉高压性胃病的发病关系

为了解门脉高压性胃病 (portalhypertensivegastropathyPHG)与幽门螺杆菌 (HP)感染的关系 ,选门脉高压性胃病胃窦粘膜 30例 ,免疫组化SP法 (链霉菌抗生物素蛋白—过氧化酶法 ,Streplavidin Peroxidase,SP)抗HP抗体染色 ,并以慢性乙型肝炎并胃病 2 0例及非肝病胃病 2 1例胃窦粘膜作对照。结果显示 ,30例门脉高压性胃病阳性2 2例 ,占 73.3% ;2 0例慢乙肝组阳性 11例 ,占 5 5 % ;2 1例非肝病组阳性 11例 ,占 5 2 .38%。门脉高压组HP感染阳性率与慢乙肝组、非肝病组相比差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。可见HP感染虽不是门脉高压性胃病的发生原因 ,但在治疗中短期加用杀HP的药物是必要的。     

正常猫自然睡眠对心脏反复早搏阈值的影响

关于睡眠与室性快速型心律失常的关系报道不一。由于快眼动睡眠(REMS)能导致缺血性心脏病发作,普遍认为REMS中心电稳定性较差。另一些临床和动物实验资料却证明睡眠能大大降低室性早搏(VPB)频率及Lown分级法,明显抑制甚至消除抗心律失常药物难以控制的频发性VPB]和阵发性室性心动过速。本实验选择反复早搏阈值(RET)为     

抗乙肝病毒药物市场分析 *

乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是引起病毒性乙肝的主要病原体,依然是影响人类健康的全球性问题。干扰素和核苷(酸)类似物是国内外获批上市的主要抗乙肝病毒药物。替诺福韦和恩替卡韦在国外抗乙肝病毒药物市场上占据巨大的份额,而早期推出的拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯因其耐受性和安全性等原因所占市场份额逐年减少。国外有39种抗乙肝病毒新药正处于临床阶段。国内临床上使用更多的是口服核苷(酸)类似药物,尤其是恩替卡韦近年来占近一半抗乙肝药物市场。抗乙肝病毒药物城市零售前10的企业市场份额占整个零售的91.8%,市场集中度较高。虽然国内乙肝新药研发水平与欧美还存在较大差距,但是在国内创新政策推动下,出现了东阳光、正大天晴等20余家从事研发企业,并取得一定的成效。基于我国抗乙肝病毒药物发展困境,提出了继续完善抗乙肝病毒药物医保政策、部署和实施乙型肝炎重大专项等研发项目、推进产学研用深度融合等对策建议。     

Synthesis of [11-2H2], [8-2H2], [7-2H2], [6-2H2], [5-2H2], [4-2H2] and [3-2H2] cis-9-octadecenoates

Deuterated oleates have been synthesized by semihydrogenation of acetylenic intermediates. [11-²H₂]Oleate was prepared by two-carbon chain extension of the C₁₆ alcohol obtained from [1-²H₂]octyl bromide and 7-octyn-1-ol. [8-²H₂] and [7-²H₂]oleates were both prepared from dimethyl suberate, tetradeutero intermediate C₁₆ alcohols were synthesized from [1,8-²H₄] and [2,7-²H₄]octane diols by monobromination, conversion to deuterated 9-decyn-1-ols and reaction with octyl bromide. Oxidation gave [8-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate and [2,7-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate, after semihydrogenation of the latter, deuterons at C-2 were removed by exchange with aqueous alkali. [6-²H₂] and [5-²H₂]oleates were obtained from methyl 5-tetradecynoate, semihydrogenation, deuterium exchange at C-2 and two malonate extensions gave [6-²H₂]oleate; reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride, two malonate extensions and semihydrogenation gave the [5-²H₂] ester. [4-²H₂] and [3-²H₂]oleates were both obtained from methyl 7-cis-hexadecenoate, exchange of the α protons and chain extension gave the [4-²H₂] ester and reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride and chain extension gave the [3-²H₂] ester.     

Acetonation of 2-(acylamino)-2-deoxy-d-glucoses

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-deoxy-d-glucose were each treated with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in N,N-dimethylformamide containing a trace of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The new 5,6-O-isopropylidene derivatives 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose, 2-acetamido-1,4-anhydro-2-deoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-d-arabino-hex-1-enitol, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4:-5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-aldehydo-d-glucose-dimethyl acetal, and 2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-2-deoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose were isolated. The formation of these furanoid acetals may be important in ascertaining the mechanism of this unique acetonation accompanied by glycosidation.     

Synthesis of methyl [18-2H3], [17-2H2], [16-2H2], [14-2H2] and [12-2H2] cis-9-octadecenoates

Methyl [17-²H₂]oleate was prepared by stepwise reduction from 17-oxooleate in 24% yield. Methyl [18-²H₃], [16-²H₂], [14-²H₂] and [12-²H₂] oleates were synthesized from appropriately deuterated octylbromides by conversion to deuterated 7-hexadecyn-1-ols and chain extention to deuterated stearolates followed by semihydrogenation; overall yields were about 17%.     

Cytogenetic analysis of the X-chromosome region 2B1-2-2B9-10 of Drosophila melanogaster

In salivary glands of yellow control stock the puffing pattern in the ecdysone-added artificial C46P medium was on the whole similar to that observed during larval development in vivo. However, underdevelopment of a series of late puffs and a delay in the regression of early puffs were observed. In addition a set of medium puffs not visible in vivo appeared. Late puffs differed from those developing in Grace medium.When salivary glands of homozygotes for the lethal dor ^lt187, a mutation that causes death in the third instar with no signs of ecdysone induction were incubated with ecdysterone, the development of puffs was restored, i.e., the puffing pattern of mutant cells in vitro practically did not differ from that in cells of the control stock. This implies that the dor ^lt187 lethal allele belongs to the class of ecdysone-deficient mutations.     

Synthesis and antimetabolite properties of 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. Anomeric 5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)- and 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine

Alkylation of 2,4-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)uracil with hexafluoroacetone trifluoroacetylimine gave 5-(2-trifluoroacelylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil, which was transformed by alkaline hydrolysis to 5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil. The latter was glycosytated with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-alpha-D-ribofyranosyl chloride by means of various modifications of the silyl method leading to the predominant formation of beta-deoxynucleoside; after deacylation 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ura cil was obtained. Interaction of silylated 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)uracil with acylgalogenose gave anomeric O-substitutet deoxynucleosides, which were deblocked to give 5-(2-trifluoroacetylaminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine and corresponding alpha-anomer. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-trifluoroacetyl group in both individual anomers produced 1-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ur acil and the abovementioned beta-anomer. Of all compounds synthesised only 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-(2-aminohexafluoroprop-2-yl)ura cil has a moderate inhibitory effect on replication of vaccinia virus in vitro.     

Enantiospecific synthesis of carbocyclic (+)-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine

(+)-1-[(1R, 3S, 4R)-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylcyclopentyl]-5-[(E)-2- bromovinyl]-1H,3H-pyrimidin-2,4-dione 10 was synthesized starting from (+)-endo-5-norbornen-2-yl acetate. This chiral educt was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic esters of endo-5-norbornen-2-ol.