中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所

正简介中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所成立于1980年,是从事实验动物学和比较医学科研与教学的专业研究所,是国内唯一的集实验动物和疾病动物模型资源创制、保种和生产供应、比较医学技术研究及实验动物技术培训于一体的研究单位。研究所使命是为生物医药研究提供实验动物资源、人类疾病模型资源、比较医学分析和评价技术服务和人才培训,实现实验动物资源、技术、信息交流和人才的支撑。     

《比较医学》双语教学方式的探讨

为了加速与国际接轨,培养高素质医学人才,开展《比较医学》双语教学显得格外重要。为医科研究生提出新的标准,如何将实验动物应用于研究工作,提高对于实验动物研究的兴趣,学习人类疾病实验动物模型并结合专业较好的完成课题。     

优化实验动物学授课内容和方法

实验动物是医学生物学研究的四大支撑条件之一。实验动物学是研究实验动物和动物实验的一门学科。学习实验动物学知识,不仅使学生能够了解国家有关实验动物的法律、法规,同时也能够使学生准确地选择和正确地使用实验动物,有助于促进实验动物学与医学生物学的融合,因而对医学生来说具有生特殊重要的意义。     

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine被PubMed Central收录

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine (简称AMEM,《动物模型与实验医学(英文)》)主管单位是中国科学技术协会,由中国实验动物学会、中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所共同主办,与国际著名出版集团Wiley合作出版。AMEM获"中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划"D类项目支持,于2018年3月创刊,季刊,主编为中国实验动物学会理事长、中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所所长秦川教授。     

动物标志重捕法模拟实验设计与应用

以高中生物学"种群和群落"中介绍的动物标志重捕法探究种群密度为知识背景,以培养学生探究性学习为目标,以模拟实验要求为设计思路,用塑料瓶模拟动物生活区域,塑料球模拟该区域动物,带孔塑料瓶盖模拟捕获动物的器具,保鲜袋模拟捕获动物暂时的活动区。通过对该模型方案的模拟应用,效果显著。该模型有制作简单、材料易得、操作安全、结果可靠等优点。该模型无需教师协助,学生可以在家中或学校独立完成实验,该模型是一个实用性极强的方案。     

《中国比较医学杂志》约稿 欢迎踊跃投稿

《中国比较医学杂志》是中国实验动物学会和中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所共同主办的全国性学术刊物（月刊）,主要刊载实验动物与动物实验等生命科学各分支学科,比较医学成果和进展。本刊开设研究报告,综述与专论,研究快报,技术方法,经验交流,管理科学,国外研究进展,学术信息,简讯等。1.文稿内容要具有创新性、科学性和实用性,论点明确,资料可靠,文字通顺精练,标点符号准确,用词规范,     

我校屏障系统动物实验设施的综合管理

随着医学实验动物学科的发展及实验动物生产、使用许可证管理办法的实施,本文介绍了我校屏障系统动物实验设施的运营管理模式,包括建立完整的文件及系统内标准操作的管理体系、人员队伍的建设和管理、实验动物环境设施的管理、系统内环境物品的管理等,总结相关经验以供同行参考。     

《中国实验动物学报》《中国比较医学杂志》2012年征订启事

《中国实验动物学报》、《中国比较医学杂志》是由中国实验动物学会、中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所主办并发行的国家级学术期刊,从2000年起已被列入中国科技论文统计源期刊。刊载内容:刊载有关实验动物和动物实验的理论专著、科研成果论文、科学实验新方法、新材料、实验动物新资源开发、新     

美国实验动物医学发展简史——对中国实验动物医学发展的思考

美国实验动物医学的发展起始于上世纪50年代,目前可能代表着世界上该领域的最高水平.本文对其发展史作了简的地回顾,包括生物医学领域对实验动物兽医的需求,实验动物科学领域早期的兽医实践,实验动物医学会的诞生,实验动物医学领域的培训、教育和考核等的沿革,以及相关法律法规对实验动物医学发展的影响等.笔者依据自身的工作实践和中国国情对中国实验动物医学领域的发展进行了一些思考,期盼实验动物相关法律法规能更加完善、在兽医教育中适度增加实验动物医学相关内容、加强实验动物医学领军人才的培养、加强实验动物医学界多渠道的交流、增加相关领域科研投入和支持等.中国要站在西方发达国家的肩膀上,借鉴其成功的经验,发展有中国特色的实验动物医学事业.     

具有科研探索特色的医学细菌学综合及设计性实验的开设和实践

激发学生对医学细菌学实验课兴趣,使学生系统掌握医学细菌学研究的基本原理、基本技能和主要方法。培养学生观察能力、动手能力、综合科学思维能力和表达能力。把科研和探索性学习融入医学细菌学实验课程,开设细菌学综合及设计性实验。为培养具有创新能力和创新精神的创新型人才进行了尝试。     

Animals as sentinels: using comparative medicine to move beyond the laboratory

The comparative medicine approach, as applied to the study of laboratory animals for the betterment of human health, has resulted in important medical and scientific progress. Much of what is known about the human health risks of many toxic and infectious hazards present in the environment derives from experimental studies in animals and observational (epidemiological) studies of exposed human populations. Yet there is a third source of "in vivo" knowledge about host-environment interactions that may be underused and -explored: the study of diseases in naturally occurring animal populations that may signal potential human health threats. Just as canaries warned coal miners of the risk of toxic gases, other nonhuman animals, due to their greater susceptibility, environmental exposure, or shorter life span, may serve as "sentinels" for human environmental health hazards. Traditionally, communication between human and animal health professionals about cross-species sentinel events has been limited, but progress in comparative genomics, animal epidemiology, and bioinformatics can now provide an enhanced forum for such communication. The "One Health" concept involves moving toward a comparative clinical approach that considers "shared risks" between humans and animals and promotes greater cooperation and collaboration between human and animal health professionals to identify and reduce such risks. In doing so, it also creates new opportunities for the field of comparative medicine that can supplement traditional laboratory animal research.     

人类疾病动物模型是医药创新研究的前沿

人类疾病动物模型对医药研究起着支撑作用,是进行医药研究的必备工具之一.本文阐述了人类疾病动物模型在医药研究中所能发挥的作用,以及在医药研究的历史中所做出的贡献.最后,对疾病动物模型在医药创新研究中应用的前沿进行了展望.     

More on Merde

Whereas food has always received much attention in conversation, commerce, and the literature, the subject of feces has been comparatively neglected.To fill this lacuna, a small book on comparative coprology was recently published (Lewin 1999).The present article aims to supplement this book with a review of overlooked or new items relating to biological and medical aspects of coprology, notably chemical and microbial components of human and animal feces, their uses as fertilizers, and a few other sociological impacts.     

From endophenotypes to evolution: social attachment, sexual fidelity and the avpr1a locus

Both medical and evolutionary genetics increasingly emphasize the importance of subtle, quantitative measures of phenotype. One such 'endophenotype,' the distribution of vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR), is a recent focus for studies of social behavior. In animal studies, the neural distribution of V1aR has been linked to both social attachment and patterns of sexual fidelity. At a genetic level, a microsatellite in the cis-regulatory region of the avpr1a locus has been linked to variation in both brain and behavior. Both sets of data become more complex as the mechanistic and evolutionary details are examined more fully. I briefly summarize recent work from animal and human studies of avpr1a and highlight parallels between comparative and clinical approaches.     

新一代医用刚质聚合物外科植入动物实验研究

目的:研究新一代医用刚质聚合物的植入动物后的变化情况,方法:根据美国材料协会(ASTM)标准中有关用于外科植入的聚合物材料相容性评价实施标准,对新一代医用刚质聚合物进行外科植入动物试验。结果:试验样品和对照样品周围组织出现的变化同步。结果:新一代刚质聚合物与已在临床上应用的聚合物具有相同的生物相容性。同样可作为人工材料应用于临床。     

Are all MRSA made equal?

The health and economic burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the medical realm is considerable. Although there is ample clinical and laboratory evidence indicating that methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) is heterogeneous in disease causation, the same heterogeneity has not been well documented for MRSA. Data from animal models and human studies suggest that MRSA is at least as pathogenic as MSSA. Many comparative clinical studies, mainly retrospective, have assessed the virulence of MSSA and MRSA. Whereas the majority of these studies may be deficient in some aspects of clinical design, there has been a definite trend towards implicating MRSA as the more aggressive pathogen. Such an observation, however, must be tempered with the fact that few such studies have attempted to establish clonality among MRSA isolates. Thus, it is conceivable that hypervirulent clones may represent an important proportion of MRSA from hospital studies where patient-patient spread is likely and, accordingly, comparative studies may be biased. Future clinical studies should be prospective and should use well-defined and homogeneous patient groups. As well, for comparison of MRSA and MSSA, an understanding of clonality is essential.     

Comparative biochemistry of acid proteinase from animal origins

Acid proteinases from 17 tissues of 12 animal species were compared with respect to molecular weight, inhibition by pepstatin and activation by tripolyphosphate. Gel filtration of acid proteinases from protochordates and vertebrates showed a common elution profile and three peaks with mol. wts of -20,000, -45,000 and above 150,000 were detected with acid-denatured hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.6. The main component of vertebrate acid proteinases was identified as cathepsin D. In the invertebrate acid proteinases, the elution profiles through gel filtration were characteristic to the tissues examined, and were not so distinct as those of vertebrates. Through a biochemical survey, the animal acid proteinase was discussed from a comparative point of view.     

Metagenomic Analysis of the Pygmy Loris Fecal Microbiome Reveals Unique Functional Capacity Related to Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds

The animal gastrointestinal tract contains a complex community of microbes, whose composition ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host. An analysis of 78,619 pyrosequencing reads generated from pygmy loris fecal DNA extracts was performed to help better understand the microbial diversity and functional capacity of the pygmy loris gut microbiome. The taxonomic analysis of the metagenomic reads indicated that pygmy loris fecal microbiomes were dominated by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla. The hierarchical clustering of several gastrointestinal metagenomes demonstrated the similarities of the microbial community structures of pygmy loris and mouse gut systems despite their differences in functional capacity. The comparative analysis of function classification revealed that the metagenome of the pygmy loris was characterized by an overrepresentation of those sequences involved in aromatic compound metabolism compared with humans and other animals. The key enzymes related to the benzoate degradation pathway were identified based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway assignment. These results would contribute to the limited body of primate metagenome studies and provide a framework for comparative metagenomic analysis between human and non-human primates, as well as a comparative understanding of the evolution of humans and their microbiome. However, future studies on the metagenome sequencing of pygmy loris and other prosimians regarding the effects of age, genetics, and environment on the composition and activity of the metagenomes are required.     

Buccal cells as a source of DNA for comparative animal genomic analysis

The source of DNA of adequate quality and quantity is an important consideration in genome analysis. In many animal and livestock species, easy access to DNA will facilitate the rapid and reliable genotyping of a large number of individual individuals. Here, we describe the use, for the first time, of buccal cells from non-human mammalian species as a source of DNA template for PCR and restriction analysis. The buccal cells from the pig, cow and human, were used to amplify PCR fragments that were scanned SNPs and for comparative genome analysis. The work indicates that buccal cells are also adequate sources of DNA for genome analysis of animals that have been identified as priorities in comparative genomics.