西伯利亚蓼多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达

根据西伯利亚蓼茎抑制消减文库(SSH)中获得的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins,PGIP) 的EST序列,采用RACE技术在西伯利亚蓼消减库(SSH)成功克隆了PGIP蛋白基因的cDNA序列．该基因开放读码框为1 020 bp,编码339个氨基酸, 具有1段24个残基的保守亮氨酸结构域．序列分析表明,该基因具有N端信号肽,具有PGIPs家族共有的典型保守区域,属PGIPs家族基因,命名为PsPGIP,GenBank登录号为ACD01043．荧光定量PCR分析表明,PsPGIP在西伯利亚蓼叶、茎、地下茎等器官中均有分布．在3% NaHCO₃诱导表达中,该基因在叶中表达明显受盐胁迫的诱导．推测该基因在抵御盐胁迫伤害中起到了重要的作用．     

不同地域卵黄萤荧光素酶基因的克隆与序列分析

为了比较不同地域萤火虫荧光素酶基因的进化关系,通过GenBank中已知的荧光素酶基因保守区段设计引物,利用5′ RACE（rapid amplification of cDNA ends）和3′ RACE技术克隆了来自云南省文山州和西双版纳州的同种卵黄萤荧光素酶基因cDNA和全基因序列.来自不同地域的2种卵黄萤荧光素酶在基因序列上存在3个不同碱基位点,但是它们编码的荧光素酶只存在1个不同的氨基酸.卵黄萤荧光素酶基因全长（从起始密码子到终止密码子）1998 bp,包含7个外显子,6个内含子,其cDNA序列共1976 bp,包含102 bp 5′ UTR (untranslated region)、1635 bp的荧光素酶基因开放阅读框和239 bp的3′ UTR序列.卵黄萤荧光素酶基因的开放阅读框编码1个544个氨基酸的蛋白质,比同属的其它几种荧光素酶少4个氨基酸. 来自2个不同地域的卵黄萤荧光素酶在进化上是比较保守的,它们与北美萤火虫Photinus pyralis荧光素酶在碱基序列上分别有629%和63%相似性.     

斑马鱼DrSpin-1基因的克隆和特征分析

Spin蛋白家族是具有Spin/Ssty保守结构域并在配子发生过程中发挥关键作用的一类分子。研究利用简并引物PCR,从斑马鱼成熟卵母细胞SMART cDNA文库中筛选到260 bp的DrSpin-1和DrSpin-2部分序列,经序列同源性比对,斑马鱼DrSpin-1的部分氨基酸序列与银鲫CagSpin一致性高达81%。利用RACEPCR从该cDNA文库中获得斑马鱼DrSpin-1的全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明,DrSpin-1全长cDNA为1082 bp,开放阅读框771 bp,编码257个氨基酸,具有三个Spin/Ssty保守域,8个可能的磷酸化位点,初步确定斑马鱼DrSpin-1是Spin基因家族成员。斑马鱼DrSpin-1蛋白与已报道的鱼类Spin蛋白多重序列比对表明,DrSpin-1蛋白与银鲫CagSpin蛋白同源性最高。可以推测克隆得到的斑马鱼DrSpin-1与已知功能的银鲫CagSpin具有相近的表达谱和生物学功能,可能在配子发生和受精过程中发挥重要作用。     

编码人分化抗原5D4的全长cDNA克隆及 其编码蛋白质的二级结构分析*1)

用3D5细胞染色强阳性,而Daudi与Jurkat细胞染色弱阳性的单克隆抗体5D4,从一个人扁桃体细胞λgt11 cDNA文库(ATCC No.37546)筛选到一个长1 846 bp的cDNA克隆.RT-PCR显示3D5细胞、Daudi细胞和Jurkat细胞5D4 mRNA均阳性,但3D5细胞明显强于后两者.5D4 cDNA中88～1 209 bp为一个开放阅读框架,编码374个氨基酸的蛋白质.Northern blot分析结果和起始密码子前5′端非编码区有2个连续的终止密码子表明,这是一个全长cDNA.从其开放阅读框架推断的蛋白质的氨基酸序列中295～334 aa为一强疏水区,预测313～334 aa为一分值极高的跨膜螺旋区,其方向最可能是由膜内到膜外.     

人类β-1,4-半乳糖苷转移酶基因家族中1个新成员的克隆与表达谱分析

应用从EST出发克隆基因家族新成员的策略 ,在人类睾丸组织cDNA文库中分离出 1个新的全长cDNA片段 ,它编码的蛋白产物与 (UDP 半乳糖苷 :N 乙酰基葡萄糖胺 )半乳糖苷转移酶 (GalT)有较高的同源度 .分析表明 ,在其 2 173bp的序列中含有 1个长 10 3 2bp的开放读框 ,编码 3 44个氨基酸 .基于该基因与半乳糖苷转移酶基因家族各成员的同源关系 ,尤其是与G .gallus β 1,4 半乳糖苷转移酶Ⅰ型(CKⅠ )的关系密切 ,这个基因的蛋白产物被命名为人类 β 1,4 半乳糖苷转移酶同源蛋白Ⅰ型 .Northern杂交发现它在被检测的人体 16种组织中均有表达 ,但丰度各异 .通过与含人单条染色体的人 /啮齿类的杂种细胞DNA进行Southern杂交 ,证明该基因位于 3号染色体上 .     

牛IRAK2基因有两种选择性剪接表达产物

Toll样受体（TLRs）可识别病原体相关分子模式,在天然免疫和适应性免疫应答中起着重要的作用.IRAK2为TLRs信号转导中的重要分子,对信号转导及调节有着重要的作用.为了深入研究牛TLRs介导的信号转导通路对牛病原体所致疾病抗性中的作用,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆了牛IRAK2基因,并分析了基因序列,及其编码蛋白质的结构和功能预测. 结果表明,牛IRAK2存在2个选择性剪接产物IRAK2a和IRAK2b,其cDNA长度分别为2 148 bp和2 001　bp(GenBank登录号为EU528620和EU528621),分别编码622个和384个氨基酸.与IRAK2a相比,IRAK2b缺少第3外显子147 bp片段,使得起始密码子后移,IRAK2a蛋白含有DD结构域和S-TKc结构域,而IRAK2b则缺少DD结构域,只有部分S-TKc结构域.     

中华按蚊CYP6Y亚家族基因的鉴定和生物信息学分析

【目的】鉴定中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis CYP6Y亚家族基因,分析它们的结构和特征,推测其可能的功能。【方法】以冈比亚按蚊An. gambiae CYP6Y1作为询问序列,通过双向Blast方法检索中华按蚊转录组中CYP6Y亚家族基因,并通过生物信息学方法分析基因结构、特征及可能的功能。【结果】从中华按蚊转录组测序数据中鉴定出2条CYP6Y亚家族基因,分别命名为AsCYP6Y1（GenBank登录号：KF709397）和AsCYP6Y2（GenBank登录号：KF709398）。序列分析显示,AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2全长分别为1 713 bp和1 815 bp,分别编码502和526个氨基酸。基因结构分析显示,该亚家族基因仅含有1个相位1型内含子并与其他P450基因形成保守的共线性分布。蛋白结构分析显示,这2个基因编码的蛋白含P450特有的5个特征序列和6个底物结合位点,且均不存在信号肽,其亚细胞定位为细胞质。3D结构分析显示,AsCYP6Y1有18条α螺旋和13股反向平行的β折叠,AsCYP6Y2有19条α螺旋和11股反向平行的β折叠。通过同样的方法,在达林按蚊An. darlingi中也鉴定出2个CYP6Y亚家族基因。系统进化分析显示,AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2分别与其他3种按蚊的CYP6Y1和CYP6Y2聚成一支,Bootstrap值均大于90%。替换率分析显示,中华按蚊AsCYP6Y1和AsCYP6Y2与其他3种按蚊同源基因的Ka/Ks均小于1。相对进化速率分析显示,中华按蚊CYP6Y和CYP6M亚家族的相对进化速率均显著快于CYP6P亚家族,而CYP6Y和CYP6M亚家族之间没有显著差异。【结论】在中华按蚊和达林按蚊中存在2个CYP6Y亚家族基因,之前在冈比亚按蚊和不吉按蚊An. funestus中也发现2个CYP6Y亚家族基因,表明CYP6Y亚家族基因可能在按蚊属广泛存在,且可能为按蚊属昆虫所特有。     

用抑制差减杂交法分离和克隆梭梭幼苗受渗透胁迫诱导相关基因的cDNA片段

以Hoagland溶液培养的梭梭幼苗（H）为对照群体,甘露醇处理的梭梭幼苗（M）为目标群体,进行抑制差减杂交。用经过H cDNA差减的M cDNA构建了一个含有大约400个独立克隆的差减文库;采用差减前的H cDNA和M cDNA以及正向／反向差减杂交后的cDNA为模板标记探针,对随机挑取的100个重组质粒进行差示筛选,获得了21个阳性侯克隆,从这些阳性候选克隆中随机挑取了8个进行Northern blot分析。证实其中3个候选克隆代表了在M中特异表达或表达增强的基因,序列分析和同源性比较表明它们与逆境胁迫有关;而另外5个候选克隆无Northern杂交信号,推测它们为低丰度转录本。     

人X染色体含有一个黑色素瘤抗原基因亚家族

肿瘤相关基因的研究是肿瘤基因形成学说的核心内容。肿瘤相关基因家族的研究则是其中的重点和难点,从4－6月孕龄人胎肝cDNA文库中克隆到一个黑色素瘤抗原基因亚家族,称为MAGE－D亚家族,其成员包括3个直系同源体（人MAGE－D1、大鼠SNERG－1和小鼠DLXIN－1）和2个旁系同源体（人MAGE－D和人KIAA1114）。该家族的3个人类成员均定位于染色体Xp11.21-p11.23,同时具有独特的基因组结构。分子进化树分析表明,该家族与已知MAGE－A、－B和－C3个亚家族之间具有明显的进化上分歧。该亚家族的发现为研究肿瘤相关基因新功能提供了重要线索。     

大黄鱼肌肉生长抑制素基因微卫星序列多态性分析

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)参与肌肉生长和脂肪发生的调节．本研究在克隆大黄鱼MSTN cDNA的基础上,对3′端非编码区微卫星序列的多态性及其与体长、体重和肌肉脂肪含量的关系进行了分析．结果表明,获得的cDNA长1 886 bp,在3′端非编码区存在微卫星序列（CA）_n．在受检的52个个体中,微卫星序列长度在64～126 bp之间.大部分个体的微卫星序列内存在碱基替换,最常见的碱基替换形式是C→T,属于非完美型微卫星序列．根据该位点微卫星序列长度,在实验群体中共检测到23个等位基因,其中频率为0.019 2的等位基因11个,0.038 5的5个, 0.076 9的3个,0.057 7的2个,0.115 4和0.134 6的各1个．该基因位点的群体杂合度为0.932 7,多态信息含量为0.928 8．微卫星序列长度与大黄鱼体长、体重和肌肉脂肪含量之间的相关系数分别为0.409、0.435和-0.026,P值分别为0.021、0.016和0.878．碱基替换对大黄鱼生长及肌肉脂肪含量均无显著影响．     

Complementary expression and neurite outgrowth activity of netrin-G subfamily members.

Classical members of the UNC6/netrin family are secreted proteins which play a role as long-range cues for directing growth cones. We here identified in mice a novel member netrin-G2 which constitute a subfamily with netrin-G1 among the UNC6/netrin family. Both of these netrin-Gs are characterized by glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol linkage onto cells, molecular variants presumably generated by alternative splicing and lack of any appreciable affinity to receptors for classical netrins. These genes are preferentially expressed in the central nervous system with complementary distribution in most brain areas, that is netrin-G1 in the dorsal thalamus, olfactory bulb and inferior colliculus, and netrin-G2 in the cerebral cortex, habenular nucleus and superior colliculus. Consistently, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that netrin-G1 molecules are present on thalamocortical but not corticothalamic axons. Thalamic and neocortical neurons extended long neurites on immobilized recombinant netrin-G1 or netrin-G2 in vitro. Immobilized anti-netrin-G1 antibodies altered shapes of cultured thalamic neurons. We propose that netrin-Gs provide short-range cues for axonal and/or dendritic behavior through bi-directional signaling.     

TM7XN1, a novel human EGF-TM7-like cDNA, detected with mRNA differential display using human melanoma cell lines with different metastatic potential

We have identified a novel 3845 bp cDNA differentially expressed in a human melanoma metastasis model. Northern blot analysis showed expression in the poorly and intermediately metastasizing cell lines and a marked downregulation in the highly metastatic cell lines. Using RT-PCR expression was also seen in several other tumor cell lines and normal cell types of human origin. cDNA sequence analysis revealed an ORF of 687 amino acids containing seven putative transmembrane domains C-terminally and a long N-terminus. The gene was mapped to 16q13. Highest homology was observed with members of the EGF-TM7 subfamily of the secretin/calcitonin receptor family. We propose the delineation of a subfamily of TM7 proteins, LN-TM7, containing seven transmembrane proteins with a long N-terminal extracellular part.     

Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of a novel member of CYP2A in the Syrian hamster.

The cDNA clone coding for a novel cytochrome P-450 2A subfamily member (CYP2A16) was isolated from a Syrian hamster liver cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence of CYP2A16 showed more than 90% identity with those of rat CYP2A3 and mouse CYP2A4/5. The catalytic activity of CYP2A16 was determined by transient expression of its cDNA in transfected COS7 cells and CYP2A16 was found to have the testosterone 2 beta-, 15 alpha-, and 15 beta-hydroxylases, coumarin 7-hydroxylase, and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities. These enzymatic characteristics of CYP2A16 are different from those of other Syrian hamster CYP2A subfamily members, CYP2A8 and CYP2A9. Northern blot analysis showed that CYP2A16 was expressed in kidney and lung while most of the other CYP2A subfamily members have been reported to be expressed in liver and olfactory. These observations indicated that the Syrian hamster CYP2A16 had unique properties compared with those of other CYP2A subfamily members.     

烟草类锌指基因NtZFL基因的功能分析

从烟草cDNA中分离出一个类锌指基因NtZFL,开放读码框321 bp,编码106个氨基。QRT-PCR分析表明MV、H₂O₂、ABA、冷胁迫处理都提高了NtZFL在烟草的表达,Northern blot分析表明该基因在烟草的不同组织中具有组织特异性,在幼叶和花中表达量较高。亚细胞定位表明NtZFL蛋白是定位在细胞壁中的蛋白。NtZFL基因启动子驱动GUS基因转烟草植株显示在幼苗中整株有表达,但在根部和叶脉处表达量较高。     

Isolation of a mRNA encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase from tomato that is up-regulated by wounding

A cDNA clone (TAB2) encoding a nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase has been isolated from a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig) cDNA library. The clone is 590 bp long and exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with spinach NDP kinases I and II, Pisum sativum NDP kinase I, Arabidopsis thaliana NDP kinase, Drosophila melanogaster NDP kinase, Dictyostelium discoideum NDP kinase and human Nm 23-H1 and Nm23-H2. Northern analysis has revealed that the mRNA encoded by TAB2 is up-regulated in both leaf and stem tissue in response to wounding. The increase is apparent within 1 h of wounding and is not further elevated by application of ethylene. Southern blot analysis indicates that TAB2 is a member of a small gene family.     

Characterization of a cDNA clone, encoding a 70 kDa heat shock protein from the dermatophyte pathogen Trichophyton rubrum

Trichophyton rubrum is an anthropophilic fungus causing up to 90% of chronic cases of dermatophytosis. To characterize T. rubrum proteins at the molecular level, we established a cDNA library of this pathogen. Here we describe a recombinant cDNA clone identical to eukaryotic 70kDa heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Western blot analysis using an anti HSP70 monoclonal antibody detected a recombinant fusion protein in Escherichia coli transformed with the expression vector containing the cloned cDNA insert. Southern blot analysis of T. rubrum genomic DNA detected no other members of the HSP70 gene family. Further analysis revealed the presence of two introns within the ORF of the HSP70 gene. In Northern blot analysis, the cDNA clone was hybridized to a RNA species of about 3.5kb which was constitutively expressed by cells cultured at 27 degrees C and was strongly up-regulated after culture at 37 degrees C. In summary, we have cloned the first member of the HSP family of dermatophytes and characterized it as a member of the Dnak subfamily of 70kDa HSPs.     

Isolation, expression and characterization of a human apolipoprotein B 100-specific cDNA clone

The isolation and characterization of a human apolipoprotein B 100-specific cDNA clone (lambda gt-B1) containing a 1321 base pairs (bp) spanning insert is described. It encodes the 3'-nontranslated 281 bp long region up to the polyadenylation site and 1040 bp of the C-terminal coding region of 345 amino-acid residues of human apo B 100 and the stop codon. The lambda gt-B1 cDNA clone has been isolated from a human hepatoma cDNA expression library by immunoscreening using affinity-purified polyclonal anti apo B 100 antibodies. The nucleotide sequence of the apo B 100 insert has been determined. A part of the polypeptide sequence derived from this nucleotide sequence was identical with the amino-acid sequence obtained by protein sequencing of a purified cyanogen bromide fragment of apo B 100. The fusion protein consisting of beta-galactosidase and the 345 amino-acid residue long C-terminus of apo B 100 had an apparent molecular mass of 148 kDa in NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In Northern blot hybridization analysis the insert of the apo B 100-cDNA clone hybridized to a 20 to 22 kb mRNA from adult human liver.     

Functional expression and molecular characterization of AtUBC2-1, a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) from Arabidopsis thaliana

The first member of a novel subfamily of ubiquitin-conjugating E2-proteins was cloned from a cDNA library of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genomic blots indicate that this gene family (AtUBC2) consists of two members and is distinct from AtUBC1, the only other E2 enzyme known from this species to date (M.L. Sullivan and R.D. Vierstra, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 9861-9865). The cDNA sequence of AtUBC2-1 extends over 794 bp which would encode a protein of 161 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 18.25 kDa. The protein encoded by AtUBC2-1 is shown to accept ¹²⁵I-ubiquitin from wheat E1 enzymes, when expressed from Escherichia coli hosts as fusion protein carrying N-terminal extensions. It is deubiquitinated in the presence of lysine and, by these criteria, is considered a functional E2 enzyme.     

鳜鱼胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶与胃蛋白酶原基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR及RACE法,克隆得到鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)肝胰脏胰蛋白酶(trypsin, Try)、淀粉酶(amylase, Amy)基因 cDNA全序列.结果表明,鳜鱼Try基因cDNA全长为896 bp,其中开放阅读框 (open reading frame,ORF)为744 bp,编码247个氨基酸. 序列同源性分析发现,鳜鱼Try与 斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、 小鼠Try和人TRY氨基酸序列同源性分别为81.4%、75.3%、74.5%和71.4%.鳜鱼Amy 基因cDNA全长为1 647 bp,其中ORF为1 539 bp,编码512个氨基酸.鳜鱼Amy与斑马鱼 、非洲爪蟾、小鼠Amy和人AMY氨基酸序列同源性分别为79.7%、75.4%、71.9%和70.9%. 同时对鳜鱼基因组进行PCR,获得鳜鱼Try、Amy与胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen, Pep)全基因组DNA序列.序列分析表明,鳜鱼Try基因由4个内含子和5个外显子组成,全长1 362 bp;鳜鱼Amy基因由8个内含子和9个外显子组成,全长4 267 bp;鳜鱼Pep基因由8个内含子和9个外显子组成,全长 4 032 bp,与其它脊椎动物基因结构相似.应用Genome walker方法在鳜鱼克隆得到长度分别为1 189 bp、413 bp和527 bp的Try、Amy和Pep基因的5′侧翼区序列以及1段长为704 bp的Pep 基因3′侧翼区序列,并利用相关软件预测其中具有多个可调节其表达的调控元件.鳜鱼Try、Am y和Pep基因组全序列的克隆及其序列、结构分析和分子系统进化等的研究,为鱼类消化代谢相关基因的生理功能及表达调控机理进一步研究提供依据.