濒危植物单性木兰群落优势种群生态位研究

以分布样地类型作为一维资源位,应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠以及生态位相似比例公式对单性木兰乔木层14个群落优势种群的生态位特征分析。结果表明:(1)单性木兰具有最大位宽度,对环境资源的利用具有明显优势,是群落中的建群种;(2)生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠,生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠,这主要取决于物种的生物学特性和对环境资源的需求;(3)单性木兰分布地的坡向、基岩裸露度、坡度等因子是影响单性木兰分布的重要因子。     

西双版纳勐宋山区热带山地雨林的群落学研究

首次报道了云南西双版纳勐宋的热带山地雨林群落 ,该群落植物区系组成特殊 ,森林上层乔木组成中以古老的单室茱萸科 (Mastixiaceae)和紫树科 (Nyssaceae)植物为优势 ,亦富有木兰科 (Magnoliaceae)的长蕊木兰、云南拟单性木兰 ,红花木莲等系统发育上较原始的植物以及一些典型东南亚热带山地雨林群落的代表植物。通过对该热带山地雨林群落组成与结构的调查研究 ,认为该热带山地雨林可区分为沟谷和山坡 2个类型。沟谷群落类型以八蕊单室茱萸和大萼楠为乔木层优势种 ,可定义为八蕊单室茱萸—大萼楠林。山坡群落类型以云南拟单性木兰和云南裸花为优势 ,可定义为云南拟单性木兰—云南裸花林。     

人为干扰对川西碧峰峡山矾次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响

为探讨人为干扰对川西碧峰峡山矾(Symplocos sumuntia)次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响,对其群落结构、物种组成和物种多样性特征进行了研究。结果表明,在总面积为7200 m~2的12块样地中共记录到维管束植物151种,隶属于58科98属,以樟科(Lauraceae)、山矾科(Symplocaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)等为主。单因素方差分析表明,不同强度人为干扰对山矾次生林群落径级、高度级结构影响的差异不显著(P0.05),群落乔木层径级为单峰型结构,高度级结构分布呈倒“J”型,群落天然更新能力强。受不同人为强度干扰的山矾次生林群落各层次物种组成和优势种数量不同,乔木层优势种数量差异显著,且轻度干扰中度干扰重度干扰;灌木层和草本层中,中度干扰的优势种数量最多,轻度干扰次之,重度干扰的最少。总体上看,人为干扰对山矾次生林群落乔木层、草本层物种多样性水平具有负面影响,群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson优势度指数(H′)、物种丰富度指数(S)和均匀度指数(J_(sw))随人为干扰强度的增加而降低,物种多样性水平呈下降趋势;中度干扰下灌木层的物种多样性有增加的趋势。总体上物种多样性指数表现出灌木层乔木层草本层的规律。     

澳门青洲山翻白叶树群落特征及物种多样性研究

根据样方调查结果,对澳门青洲山翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征与动态及物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:(1)在1 600 m2样地中,有维管束植物47种,隶属于29科44属;对乔木层和灌木层主要物种的重要值以及频度分析结果显示,该群落是以翻白叶树为主的单优种群落,群落种类组成多样性和水平分布不均匀,其外貌终年常绿;对优势种种群的年龄结构分析显示,该种群处于增长状态;(2)整个群落的物种丰富度Margalef指数为13.72,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.15,Simpson指数为0.875,均匀度指数为0.34,该群落的层次格局为:灌木层>藤本层>乔木层>草本层;(3) 与其他5个不同类型地区森林群的物种多样性比较结果显示,澳门翻白叶树群落的物种多样性明显低于其他5个森林群落.     

太行山南段油松群落物种多样性研究

油松是太行山区重要的植树造林树种。本文以太行山南段为研究区域,采用随机取样法对武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关、屯留6个地区油松的物种多样性与群落多样性进行了分析比较。结果表明:(1)6个地区油松群落中共有种子植物34科70属81种,包含乔木4科4属5种、灌木7科12属15种、草本23科54属61种;(2)太行山南段油松群落种子植物属的区系成分类型多样,以温带成分占绝对优势;(3)武乡、黎城、襄垣、平顺、壶关5个地区油松群落的物种多样性表现出较为一致的变化趋势,即草本层灌木层乔木层,而屯留的不同功能群物种多样性表现为草本层=灌木层乔木层;(4)6个地区油松群落多样性从高到低依次为平顺黎城襄垣武乡屯留壶关;(5)油松群落多样性和物种多样性水平受群落演替进程、地理环境、人为干扰等诸多因子的协同作用。     

中国沙拐枣属天然群落特征及其物种多样性研究

根据野外调查资料,应用生物多样性的原理和方法计测了群落的物种丰富度指数(R0、R1)、物种多样性指数(H′、D)、均匀度指数(E)以及优势度指数(C)以分析中国沙拐枣属天然群落的群落学特征。结果表明(1)中国沙拐枣属天然群落组成成分简单,共出现种子植物91种,分属22科62属,科属组成较为分散;生活型组成中1年生植物种类多,数量大,占总数的35.16%;沙拐枣属天然群落的垂直结构明显;(2)多样性分析表明,中国沙拐枣属天然群落物种组成单一,结构简单,其中群落多样性最低分别为塔克拉玛干沙拐枣(Calligonum roborowskii)群落和沙拐枣(C.mongolicum)(若羌)群落。群落多样性最高分别为沙拐枣(C.mongolicum)(采南)群落、小沙拐枣(C.pumilum)群落和艾比湖沙拐枣(C.ebi-nuzicum)群落。不同沙拐枣属植物所形成的群落差异主要表现在物种组成以及物种多样性水平,这种差异表现主要是1年生和多年生草本植物的物种多样性。(3)丰富度指数和物种多样性指数表现出基本一致的变化趋势,而生态优势度指数则表现相反的趋势。物种的丰富度指数和多样性指数与群落的结构以及立地环境条件等有密切的关系,结构复杂的群落较其它群落的多样性指数高,但由于特殊生境所形成的单优群落物种多样性指数则较低。     

乌兰布和沙漠典型灌木群落结构及数量特征

灌木群落是乌兰布和沙漠生态系统中最重要的组成部分,根据野外样地的调查资料,从各群落物种组成、生活型谱、盖度特征、物种多样性、群落相似性等方面对乌兰布和沙漠中典型灌木群落结构和数量特征进行分析,为该区生物多样性保护与植物资源持续利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)梭梭、白刺、沙冬青、沙蒿、油蒿、盐爪爪是乌兰布和沙漠中主要灌木群落类型;各典型灌木植被群落中仅出现12科47属共计58种植物,各群落间物种组成差异较大,但均以藜科、菊科、禾本科、蒺藜科、豆科等干旱荒漠区的表征科数量居多;(2)沙漠中分布范围最广的梭梭群落、白刺群落、沙冬青群落和油蒿群落其生活型谱均以一年生植物所占比例最大,与研究区干旱的气候特征相吻合;(3)各群落中灌木层植物所占群落盖度的比重均超过了50%,其贡献率大于草本植物;(4)分布于生境条件较好的群落类型其物种多样性相对较高,从整体看各典型灌木群落的H′多样性指数的变化范围在0.98～3.42之间,而D多样性指数的变化范围在0.415 5～0.879 5之间,其物种多样性指数较低,物种组成比较简单;(5)各典型植物群落的相似性系数在0.068 2～0.604 7之间,均未达到极相似水平,其中白刺群落、梭梭群落以及沙冬青群落之间呈轻度相似水平,而其他各群落之间相似性系数均低于0.25,表明各群落间生境差异较大。     

湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸群落的研究

采用5个物种多样性指数对湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendronchinense(Hemsl.)Sarg.)群落进行物种多样性测定,并分析了群落的种类组成、外貌、演替等。结果表明(:1)群落垂直结构明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层、地被层。共有维管束植物76种,隶属48科57属。群落生活型谱以高位芽植物占优势(68.42%),与其它亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林相似。(2)群落的物种多样性高,灌木层的各项物种多样性指数均高于乔木层和草本层。整个群落的丰富度高达76;Simpson指数D为0.9516,接近Dmax;Shannon-Wiener指数H为3.3247;基于Simpson指数的均匀度指数JS为0.5843,而基于Shannon-Wiener指数的均匀度指数JSW为0.8826。(3)从鹅掌楸种群的生势衰退和数量削减以及幼龄个体的贫乏来看,目前这个群落已处于发育过程的衰老阶段。     

人为干扰对栲树次生林群落物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响

为探究人为干扰对栲树群落的影响,采用典型样地法研究不同程度人为干扰对碧峰峡栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)次生林群落的物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,碧峰峡栲树群落共有维管植物148种,隶属60科106属。乔木层和草本层物种多样性指数随干扰强度的加强先增加后减小,灌木层物种多样性水平最高。乔木层优势种以栲树、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)等为主,灌木层物种丰富,优势种较多,草本层优势种数量为中度干扰轻度干扰重度干扰。土壤有机碳、钾含量和含水量与群落物种多样性水平显著相关(P0.05)。中度干扰在一定程度上能够促进碧峰峡栲树群落物种多样性并改善土壤性质,土壤有机碳、钾含量和含水量对物种多样性有显著影响。     

临安次生灌丛植物多样性对林火烈度空间异质性的响应

以同一过火3a后临安市太阳镇天然次生灌丛为对象,采用样地调查法按不同林火烈度设置火干扰样地进行植物群落调查,以检验林分内部的林火烈度异质性是否与局部的植物多样性变化相关。结果表明:研究区共有高等植物83种,分属于38科67属,群落区系组成以亚热带科属为主,表现出常绿阔叶林已退化过渡到位于演替早期阶段的落叶次生灌丛群落的性质;低林火烈度对灌木层的树种组成有影响,但不明显;中烈度林火对灌木层的物种组成影响较大;低、中林火烈度下草本层的物种组成变化都很明显;灌木层的物种数和多样性指数都表现出低烈度火未火烧中烈度火的趋势;草本层的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出中烈度火低烈度火未火烧的趋势;草本层的物种组成和多样性受林火烈度的影响较灌木层更大。研究表明次生灌丛群落过火区内部林火烈度异质性在初期会引起植物多样性的响应差异;低烈度火干扰可以增加次生灌丛生物多样性、促进群落更新;中烈度火干扰下木本植物物种多样性丧失较大,而草本植物多样性显著增加,不利于群落的正向演替。     

Influence of priority effects and pond location on invaded larval amphibian communities

In Florida, the Cuban Treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) is a superb colonist and appears to be a significant driver of amphibian community dynamics. Decline of native anurans has been linked to possible competition with adult O. septentrionalis but interactions during the larval stage are largely unknown. Rearing O. septentrionalis tadpoles along with two native anurans, the Squirrel Treefrog (Hyla squirella) and the Southern Toad (Bufo terrestris) in both experimental artificial ponds and laboratory aquaria, the role of competition as the mechanism driving the dynamics of invaded amphibian communities in Florida was examined. Also examined was the role of priority effects and variation between pond locations in altering interactions between O. septentrionalis and native anuran larvae. Interspecific competition was strong during the larval stage; the presence of O. septentrionalis reduced larval performance and survival of native anurans. Pond location alone had little effect on interspecific interactions, but priority effects were strong. Pond location and priority effects acted together to influence species interactions. The selective influence of different interaction modifiers acted to increase or decrease the impacts of exotic species on native taxa.     

金佛山方竹经营对扁刺栲群落物种多样性和优势种种群结构的影响

为探讨金佛山方竹经营对扁刺栲群落物种多样性和优势种种群结构的影响,该研究以金佛山的扁刺栲自然群落和金佛山方竹经营群落为对象,分析了两类群落的物种组成特征、物种多样性及优势种种群结构。结果表明:(1)两种群落内共记录维管束植物84种,隶属于40科63属,以樟科、蔷薇科、壳斗科、山茶科物种为主; 扁刺栲为群落优势种,中华木荷和灰柯为次优势种,金佛山方竹为灌木层优势种,扁刺栲群落组成与亚热带其他地区的扁刺栲群落组成相似。(2)金佛山方竹经营群落的灌木层物种丰富度显著低于自然群落,草本层Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数均显著低于自然群落。(3)扁刺栲和灰柯在自然群落中为稳定型种群,而在金佛山方竹经营群落中为衰退型种群,中华木荷在两类群落中均为衰退型种群。(4)自然群落中扁刺栲、中华木荷、灰柯种群的萌枝率、有萌个体率和幼苗相对优势度均高于金佛山方竹经营群落。综上认为,金佛山方竹经营对金佛山扁刺栲群落灌木层和草本层物种多样性产生了负面影响,并显著影响扁刺栲群落优势种种群更新和维持。     

黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征

该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。     

Gregariousness,field distribution and defence in the sawfly larvae Croesus varus and C. septentrionalis (Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae)

Summary The larvae of Croesus varus are cryptic and those of C. septentrionalis aposematic. In both species, females lay eggs in groups, but the groups formed by young larvae are smaller in C. varus than in C. septentrionalis. In both species, group size decreases during successive larval instars, and the cryptic species becomes solitary, while the aposematic species remains gregarious during all larval instars. On Alnus shrubs in the field, the distribution of the groups ofC. septentrionalis larvae is more aggregative. They are found mainly on mediumsized shrubs (1.5–2.5 m high), whereas groups of C. varus larvae are also found on larger shrubs. Moreover, during the 2 years of observation, C. septentrionalis was present for a shorter time than C. varus, even when the former was much more abundant than the latter. Thus, conspicuousness of the aposematic species should be amplified by this spatial and temporal aggregation. The efficiency of both defensive strategies is compared and discussed, taking into account these particular field distributions, predation and some parasitism factors, and the chemical defences of both species.     

珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区小叶金露梅灌丛群落数量分类和排序及其多样性垂直格局

根据野外样方调查数据,采用双向种指示分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA),对珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区小叶金露梅灌丛群落进行分类和排序,并分析物种多样性沿海拔梯度的分布格局。结果表明:(1)该区域24个样地中,记载的维管束植物共有23科45属80种,出现频度较高的种有小叶金露梅(Potentilla parvifolia)、高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)、木根香青(Anaphalis xylorhiza)、垫状点地梅(Androsace tapete)、藏沙蒿(Artemisia wellbyi)、垫状雪灵芝(Arenaria pulvinata)和柴胡红景天(Rhodiola bupleuroides)等。(2)经TWINSPAN等级分类将该区域小叶金露梅灌丛24个样地划分为10个群丛类型。(3)样地和物种CCA二维排序结果表明,海拔和坡位是影响该区域小叶金露梅灌丛群落和物种分布格局的主要环境因子。(4)该区域小叶金露梅灌丛群落物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均随海拔升高呈下降的趋势,而Pielou指数呈上升的趋势。(5)样地中优势种小叶金露梅的盖度和高度沿海拔梯度呈显著下降趋势。     

黄土丘陵区草本群落演替中先锋种群茵陈蒿浸提液的化感作用

为探索自然演替中植被群落结构与化感作用之间的关系,以黄土丘陵区自然演替中先锋种群茵陈蒿为研究对象,通过种子萌发试验,分析演替初期优势种群茵陈蒿浸提液(甲醇浸提液和水浸提液)对自身以及伴生种种子萌发以及幼苗生长的影响,从化学生态学角度解释演替初期群落结构形成的原因。结果表明,茵陈蒿浸提液对3种伴生种(铁杆蒿、白羊草和达乌里胡枝子)的种子萌发均有显著化感作用,低浓度(0.002g/m L)时表现为促进或轻微的抑制作用,高浓度(0.2g/m L)时为较强的抑制作用;不同部位茵陈蒿浸提液的化感作用不同,相比之下,地上部的抑制作用更为强烈,其浸提液均抑制铁杆蒿、白羊草和达乌里胡枝子的种子萌发,尤其在浓度为0.2 g/m L时,达到完全抑制;根系甲醇浸提液对铁杆蒿种子萌发的抑制作用要强于同浓度下的水浸提液,而地上部水浸提液对受体植物根芽的作用大于甲醇浸提液。茵陈蒿对于自身具有一定的抑制作用,表现为高浓度(0.2和0.02 g/m L)的水和甲醇浸提液抑制自身种子萌发和幼苗生长。研究结果说明化感作用可能是该地区在演替前期形成以茵陈蒿为优势种植被群落的重要原因之一。创新点:从化学生态学的角度解释了黄土丘陵区植被演替初期植物之间的关系以及群落结构形成的原因,为认识自然恢复的内在机理提供了新的视角。     

Keystone predators (eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens) reduce the impacts of an aquatic invasive species

Predation, competition, and their interaction are known to be important factors that influence the structure of ecological communities. In particular, in those cases where a competitive hierarchy exists among prey species, the presence of certain keystone predators can result in enhanced diversity in the prey community. However, little is known regarding the influence of keystone predator presence on invaded prey communities. Given the widespread occurrence of invasive species and substantial concern regarding their ecological impacts, studies on this topic are needed. In this study I used naturalistic replications of an experimental tadpole assemblage to assess the influence of predatory eastern newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, on the outcome of interspecific competition among native and nonindigenous tadpoles. When newts were absent, the presence of the tadpoles of one invasive species, the Cuban treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, resulted in decreased survival and growth rate of the dominant native species, Bufo terrestris, and dominance of the tadpole assemblage by O. septentrionalis. However, the presence of one adult newt generally reduced or eliminated the negative impacts of O. septentrionalis tadpoles, resulting in comparable survival and performance of native species in invaded and noninvaded treatments. Differential mortality among the tadpole species suggests that newts preyed selectively on O. septentrionalis tadpoles, supporting the hypothesis that newts acted as keystone predators in the invaded assemblage. The presence of nonindigenous larval cane toads, Bufo marinus, did not significantly affect native species, and this species was not negatively affected by the presence of newts. Collectively, these results suggest that eastern newts significantly modified the competitive hierarchy of the invaded tadpole assemblage and reduced the impacts of a competitively superior invasive species. If general, these results suggest that the presence of certain species may be an essential factor regulating the ecological impacts of biological invasions.     

陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒群落共存种活性氧清除指标对水分胁迫的响应

群落共存种对环境变化的生理生态响应差异是群落演替的重要因素,其中活性氧清除是生理生态响应的重要方面。该研究以黄土丘陵区10个常见撂荒群落共存种(阿尔泰狗娃花、猪毛蒿、铁杆蒿、茭蒿、小花棘豆、达乌里胡枝子、白羊草、冰草、中华隐子草和无芒隐子草)为研究对象,测定了不同水分处理条件下(适宜水分、中度胁迫及重度胁迫)生长季中3个月份(8、9和10月)个体和种群的生长表现(个体株高、生物量和种群存活率),及主要活性氧清除指标［类胡萝卜素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量］,分析群落共存种的生态适合度和活性氧清除指标对水分处理的响应差异及其相互关系,以明确演替生态位置上各指标的变化趋势。结果表明：(1)随水分胁迫程度的增加,演替前期种——猪毛蒿的的适合度有所下降,后期种——白羊草有所上升。(2)GSH和类胡萝卜素含量均随水分胁迫程度增强显著升高。(3)类胡萝卜素含量、SOD活性和GSH含量存在显著的种间差异,其中达乌里胡枝子的类胡萝卜素含量、小花棘豆的SOD活性、中华隐子草的SOD活性和GSH含量、无芒隐子草的类胡萝卜素含量和GSH含量均相对较高,且这3个指标的生长季变化也较为明显,8月份类胡萝卜素含量和GSH含量相对较高,而10月份GSH含量和SOD活性相对较高。(4)演替生态位置上,10个共存种在演替序列上以前期种的适合度和类胡萝卜素含量相对较低,而演替后期种相对较高,表明演替后期的植物较为耐旱。     

Do plant parasitic nematodes have differential effects on the productivity of a fast- and a slow-growing grass species?

We have examined the interaction between plant parasitic nematodes and plant species from different stages of grassland succession. In these grasslands, fertiliser application was stopped in order to restore the former nutrient-poor ecosystems. This management resulted in a reversed succession of high- to low-productivity. Nematodes isolated from a high-productive early-successional field and a low-productive late-successional field were inoculated to sterilised soil planted with seedlings of either Lolium perenne (a fast-growing early-successional species) or Festuca rubra (a slow-growing late-successional species). The experiment was performed at low and high supply rates of nutrients. We hypothesised that at a low nutrient supply rate the growth of L. perenne will be more reduced by nematode herbivory than the growth of F. rubra. Furthermore, we hypothesised that higher numbers of plant parasitic nematodes will develop under L. perenne. We found no support for our first hypothesis, because nematodes did not affect plant growth. Our results suggest that changes in the nutrient availability rather than plant parasitic nematodes affect plant succession in impoverished grasslands. On the other hand, plant species and nutrient supply rate significantly affected the density and composition of the plant parasitic nematode community. In line with our second hypothesis, plant parasitic nematodes reproduced better on the fast-growing L. perenne than on the slow-growing F. rubra. Our results, therefore, suggest that the succession of the plant parasitic nematode community is probably more affected by changes in the plant community than the other way round.     

青藏高原高寒草甸植物群落结构和功能对氮、磷、钾添加的短期响应

对中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站的矮嵩草草甸水肥样地进行了氮、磷、钾及其组合的施肥处理,研究了施肥对植物群落结构和功能的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥使矮嵩草草甸植物群落物种丰富度减少,不同施肥处理下物种丰富度大小分别为:对照钾磷氮氮磷磷钾氮钾氮磷钾。(2)在氮磷配合施肥处理下,矮嵩草草甸植物群落Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于对照,而其它施肥处理对Shannon-Wiener指数影响不显著。(3)在同一施肥处理下,禾草类和莎草类的重要值明显高于豆科和杂类草功能群,不同施肥处理使禾草、莎草、豆科植物的重要值增加,而杂类草重要值减少。(4)与对照相比,不同施肥(除钾外)处理可不同程度的增加植物群落的高度。(5)除钾、磷钾养分添加对矮嵩草草甸地上生物量的影响与对照差异不显著外,其它养分及其组合添加都极显著增加了群落地上生物量,且大小顺序依次为氮磷氮磷钾磷氮钾氮磷钾钾对照。(6)施用不同种类的肥料后,矮嵩草草甸各功能群地上生物量的比例变化明显,禾草和莎草的比例均增加,杂类草的比例减少,而豆科植物无规律性。(7)熵值法综合评价短期施肥处理对矮嵩草草甸群落的影响表明,氮磷、氮磷钾配合施肥是青藏高原高寒草甸最佳施肥选择。