山楂和山楂叶的氨基酸分析

本文用835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了山楂和山楂叶中17种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,山楂叶中氨基酸的总含量高达10.3％,山楂中约含2.4％。     

山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的吸引作用研究

采用两侧吸引作用试验测定天敌胡瓜钝绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans在田间对山楂叶螨的搜索和控制能力。结果表明：山楂叶螨不同螨态对胡瓜钝绥螨均有显著的吸引作用,排泄物对胡瓜钝绥螨没有明显的吸引作用。山楂叶螨对胡瓜钝绥螨的这种吸引作用说明胡瓜钝绥螨在田间具有自动搜索山楂叶螨的能力,可用于山楂叶螨的生物防治。     

北山楂果实中的氨基酸分析

近年来,山楂的单味制剂和复方制剂作为降压药已在临床上得到了广泛的应用。药理研究认为,山楂的黄酮、水解物和三萜酸具有降压作用。但关于山楂氨基酸的成分分析及药理研究,目前尚未见报。为了进一步研究山楂的药效成分和利用山楂资源,我们从北山楂果实中分离鉴定了r-氨基酸,同时对氨基酸成分进行了系统分析。     

野山楂一新变种

本文发表了野山楂一新变种,即匍匐野山楂Crataegus cuneata Sieb.et Zucc.var.shangnanensis L.Mao et T.C.Cui。     

山楂叶中微量元素的含量测定

本文采用高频等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了山楂叶中的17种微量元素,其中有8种是必需的微量元素,K、Ca、P、Mg 含量较高,Zn、Cu含量比值为2.7。这些微量元素的存在对维持人体健康极为重要.     

山楂叶总黄酮生长积累动态及提取工艺研究

对山楂叶总黄酬生长积累动态及提取工艺进行了研究,结果表明：（1）年生长周期中,山楂叶总黄酮含量有两个高峰期．其中第一个生长高峰期（6月15日～8月1日）峰值较高,持续时间较长;（2）各因素对山楂叶总黄酮的提取率影响是不均等的,影响最大的是料液比,其次是温度和时间。最佳提取工艺为：80Ｃ下,用碱度为0．25％的氢氧化钠乙醇溶液（50％乙醇）回流提取2次,每次lh．料液比为l：20。     

中药山楂原植物的研究

山楂为传统中药,也是保健食品山楂饼等的主要原料,通过对一些省、市、县的商品药材山楂及其原植物的调查,发现中药山楂的原植物有5种1变种,他们是:山楂、山里红(变种)、野山楂、云南山楂、光萼林檎(新种)和台湾林檎,均隶属于蔷薇科。本文提供中药山楂原植物分种检索表,新分类群的描述,药材性状主要鉴别特征和资源分布等。     

山楂绢粉蝶的生物学及防治

山楂绢粉蝶在陇东各地每年发生 1代 ,以 3龄幼虫群集于树冠上吐丝缀叶成巢 ,并在其中越冬。幼虫共 5龄 ,幼虫食叶为害 ,每年 4月中下旬是猖獗为害期。天敌优势种是菜粉蝶绒茧蜂和白头小食虫虻等。     

山楂果实中蛋白质氨基酸及无机元素的分析测定

采用等离子发射光谱法及日立—８３５型氨基酸自动分析仪,分别测定了山楂原种（ＣｒａｔａｅｇｕｓｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａＢｇｅ．）的８个单株、山里红（Ｃ．ｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａＢｇｅ．ｖａｒ．ｍａｊｏｒＮ．Ｅ．Ｂｒ．）及伏山楂（Ｃ．ｐｒａｅｃｏｘＤａｉ＆Ｆｕ．）果实中的无机元素和蛋白质氨基酸组成含量。结果测得２１种无机元素,其中大量元素６种,微量元素１５种;同时测得蛋白质氨基酸１７种,其中人体必需氨基酸８种。     

二斑叶螨与山楂叶螨种间竞争的研究

作于1994-1995年对苹果树上的二斑叶螨(Teiranychus urticae (Koch))和山楂叶螨(T．veinnensis Zacher)的种间竞争进行了研究。结果表明,在食物资源上,二斑叶螨对山楂叶螨的生态位重叠度指数是1．05,而山楂叶螨对二斑叶螨则为0.95;在生存空间资源上,二斑叶螨相应为1．11,山楂叶螨相应为0．89。在1994和1995年,两种害螨的内禀增长力(rm)在单种种群中,二斑叶螨分别是0．13036和0．0759,山楂叶螨分别是0．1028和0．0585;在混合种群中,二斑叶螨分别是0．118和0．0822,山楂叶螨分别是0．06056和0．052,二斑叶螨均明显高于山楂叶螨。在达到种群年中高峰时,二斑叶螨在混台种群中所占比率,1994年为97．2％ 1995年为86．2％。达到高峰后,两种叶螨种群数量均急剧下降,但二斑叶螨下降的速度更快。20天后,二斑叶螨在混合种群中的比率分别降至20%和19％。因此,二斑叶螨较山楂叶螨具有更强的竞争能力。但由于二的生态位并不完全重叠,因而山楂叶螨不会绝灭。     

不同时期山里红叶片中多元酚类成分含量的测定

The content of polyphenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, vitexin-4＂-O-glucoside, vitexin rhamnoside, rutin, vitexin, hyperoside in leaf of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. major N. E. Br. at different times was determined by HPLC. The results show that the content of polyphenolic compounds in different times is various. In April, the total content of polyphenolic compounds and the contents of chlorogenic acid, vitexin-4＂-O-glucoside, vitexin rhamnoside, rutin reach the peak. And the content of every compound and the total content of these compounds decrease gradually with the plant growing, and reach the lowest point in July to August. Therefore, in order to extract polyphenolic compounds, the optimal harvest time for C. pinnatifida var. major leaf is April.     

Flavonoid ketohexosefuranosides from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.

Four flavonoid ketohexosefuranosides, pinnatifinoside A, pinnatifinoside B, pinnatifinoside C, and pinnatifinoside D were isolated from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, MS and 1D, 2D NMR) and chemical evidence.     

超声辅助酸水解提取山里红叶中牡荆素的工艺优化

采用正交法优化山里红叶中牡荆素的超声辅助提取工艺。通过盐酸浓度、提取时间、固液比、超声功率、超声温度、乙醇浓度6种影响因素的单因素实验,研究它们与牡荆素提取得率之间的规律趋势;应用正交设计优化试验,研究盐酸浓度、提取时间、固液比和超声功率对山里红叶提取牡荆素得率影响大小,并确定最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：当盐酸浓度为2 mol·L^-1、提取时间为40 min,固液比为1：20、超声功率为500 W、超声温度为50℃、乙醇浓度为50%时,效果最佳,得率为2.603 mg·g^-1;盐酸浓度具有较大显著性,且各因素影响顺序为：盐酸浓度 > 超声功率> > 提取时间 > 固液比。     

5种中草药的营养价值测定

为探讨中草药饲料添加剂的作用机制,本研究测定了黄芪、刺五加、党参、山楂和丹参中常规营养成分和氨基酸的含量。结果显示,中草药中的蛋白质和氨基酸特别是必需氨基酸含量丰富,黄芪和丹参除蛋氨酸、酪氨酸和脯氨酸外的其它14种氨基酸的含量均相对较高,特别是黄芪中赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸的含量分别高达1．078％、1．644％和1．368％。本结果为进一步研究中草药资源在动物生产中的应用提供了一定的科学依据。     

温州蜜柑果实发育过程中矿质营养元素含量的动态变化

本文分析了温州蜜柑丰产园不同发育阶段的果实氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、硼的含量。矿质元素在果实中的动态变化规律与叶片中的变化规律显然不同。一是含量比叶片低;二是浓度的最高峰期出现比叶片早。果实发育前中期元素含量变化较复杂,9月以后趋向稳定。对可否以9月至10月上旬作为采果样时期以进行营养诊断作了讨论。     

Application of random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat markers in the genus Crataegus

Hawthorn ( Crataegus spp.) has a long history as an ornamental and a source of medicine. We report the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to determine genetic relationships in the genus Crataegus . Twenty-eight accessions, including eight species ( Crataegus pinnatifida , Crataegus bretschneideri , Crataegus maximowiczii , Crataegus kansuensis , Crataegus altaica , Crataegus songarica , Crataegus dahurica and Crataegus sanguinea ) and two botanical varieties ( C. pinnatifida var. major and C. maximowiczii var. ninganensis ) were analysed. Twelve RAPD primers reproducibly and strongly amplified 128 fragments of which 116 were polymorphic; similarly, 13 ISSR primers generated 127 products of which 119 were polymorphic. Dendrograms based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average analysis were constructed from both the RAPD and the ISSR data. Similarity coefficient based on RAPD and ISSR markers ranged from 0.22 to 0.98 and 0.23 to 0.98, respectively. The range in similarity coefficient indicated that the genus has a high level of genetic diversity. The Mantel test on the similarity matrices produced by RAPD and ISSR markers gave r  = 0.86, showing high correlation between RAPD and ISSR markers in their ability to detect genetic relationships between Crataegus accessions. RAPD and ISSR appear to be reliable methods for the analysis of genetic relationships among hawthorns.     

THE ORGANIZATION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM IN THE STEMS OF THE NYMPHAEACEAE. I. NYMPHAEA SUBGENERA CASTALIA AND HYDROCALLIS

The vascular system in the stems of Nymphaea odorata and N. mexicana subgenus Castalia, and N. blanda subgenus Hydrocallis consists of continuing axial stem bundles with eight being the usual number. The stem bundles are concentric and xylem maturation is mesarch. Xylem elements consist of tracheids with spirally or weakly reticulated secondary wall thickenings. The phloem is made up of companion cells and short sieve tube members with simple sieve plates that are nearly transverse. At the node each leaf is supplied with two lateral leaf traces and a median leaf trace. A root trace is also present and supplies a series of adventitious roots borne on the leaf base. Flowers and vegetative buds develop directly from the apical meristem and occupy leaf sites in a single genetic spiral. Each flower or vegetative bud is related to a leaf through specific spatial and vascular association. The related leaf is separated from the related flower by three members of the genetic spiral and occupies an adjacent orthostichy. Vascular tissue for the related flower arises from the inner surfaces of the four stem bundles supplying leaf traces to the related leaf and extends through the pith to the flower or vegetative bud via a peduncle fusion bundle. The vascular system organization in the investigated species of Castalia and Hydrocallis is not typically monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous, nor can it be considered transitional between them. The ontogeny of the vascular system is similar to typical dicotyledons and the investigated species of Nymphaea can, therefore, be considered to represent highly specialized and modified dicotyledons.     

赣北云居山植物区系地理探讨

本文探讨了云居山植物区系的起源和演化,对种子植物科、属、种的各个分布类型进行了统计分析,并与其它地区植物区系作了对比研究。该区系具有热带亲缘、温带衍生的性质;区系相当古老,残遗植物众多;地理成分复杂,特有类群丰富;区系联系广泛,间断分布多样;华东特征明显,南北区系过渡。该区系尤以华东成分最多,是华东区系的重要组成部分,与华中区系联系密切,具有中亚热带向北亚热带过渡的特点。