吉林李家窑范家屯组中的二叠纪北温带牙形刺动物群

在吉林省九台市三台乡李家窑附近的二叠系范家屯组中采到一特殊的牙形刺动物群。多数牙形刺都较小,锯齿发育,齿脊细齿不愈合。由一些未见报道的新分子组成。本文描述了４个新种（Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｃｈａｎｇｃｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｍｕｌｔｉｓｅｒｒａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｍ．ｐｓｅｕｄｏａｌｔｕｄａｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和３个未命名新种     

Middle–Late Permian tetrapods from the Rio do Rasto Formation,Southern Brazil: a biostratigraphic reassessment

Dias‐da‐Silva, S. 2011: Middle–Late Permian tetrapods from the Rio do Rasto Formation, Southern Brazil: a biostratigraphic reassessment. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 109–120. The Rio do Rasto Formation (Permian of Southern Brazil) was previously regarded as Guadalupian–early Lopingian age. Three tetrapod‐based localities are known: the Serra do Cadeado area, Aceguá and Posto Queimado. The latest tetrapod‐based biostratigraphic contribution considers that the Posto Queimado and Aceguá faunas are coeval and Wordian (middle Guadalupian) in age, correlated to the Isheevo faunas from Eastern Europe and to the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of South Africa; whereas the Serra do Cadeado fauna is Capitanian (late Guadalupian), correlated to the Kotelnich fauna of Eastern Europe and, from bottom to top, to upper Pristerognathus, Tropidostoma and lower Cistecephalus assemblage zones of South Africa. A re‐evaluation of the tetrapods from the Rio do Rasto Formation and new fossil discoveries in the localities of Posto Queimado and Serra do Cadeado area (melosaurine and platyoposaurine temnospondyls, a basal anomodont, a dinocephalian and a basal dicynodont) supports a new tetrapod‐based biostratigraphic scheme for the Rio do Rasto Formation. Accordingly, the age of the fauna at Aceguá is late Roadian‐early Wordian, whereas the locality of Posto Queimado is late Wordian‐Capitanian. The Serra do Cadeado Area is correlated with both southernmost ones (Guadalupian) but also Wuchiapinghian (early Lopingian). □Paraná Basin, Passa Dois Group, tetrapod biostratigraphy, Western Gondwana.     

First record of Cisuralian–Guadalupian plant fossils from the Shan Plateau,eastern Myanmar

Permian plant fossils have never been reported from the Shan Plateau in eastern Myanmar. Recently, a black to gray carbonaceous mudstone unit containing abundant plant fossils was discovered just below the lowest part of Thitspin Limestone Formation from the Linwe Area, eastern Myanmar. Although only five taxa were identified, the plant assemblage provides the first evidence of the occurrence of Cathaysian elements in eastern Myanmar and potentially indicates the presence of a highly diverse Permian flora. Among the five species, Cordaites principalis and Annularia mucronata were cosmopolitan species; while Callipteridum cf. koraiense, Taeniopteris crassinervis Mo and Rhipidopsis lobata were mostly recorded in the Cathaysia Flora. Therefore, the present assemblage generally indicates a palaeobiogeographical affinity to the Cathaysian Province. Stratigraphically, Callipteridum cf. koraiense was mainly reported from Cisuralian to Wordian; whereas Taeniopteris crasssnervis Mo and Rhipidopsis lobata were recorded from Capitanian to Changhsingian, which suggests a general Permian age based on the plant assemblage itself only. However, the carbonaceous mudstone at the outcrop is overlain by the Thitspin Limestone Formation containing middle Guadalupian fusulinids. Based on previous faunal analyses, the Sibumasu terrane contains typical Gondwanan cold-water faunas during the early Cisuralian, warm-water faunas occurred after Sakmarian. Thus, age of the fossil-plant-containing carbonaceous mudstone is very likely between late Cisuralian and early Guadalupian as constrained by its overlying fusulinids and its warm Cathaysian palaeobiogeographical affinity.     

Latest Guadalupian brachiopods from the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary GSSP section at Penglaitan in Laibin, Guangxi, South China and implications for the timing of the pre-Lopingian crisis

A brachiopod fauna comprising nine species in eight genera from three closely spaced stratigraphic horizons of the same stratigraphic section is described for the first time from the Laibin Limestone in the uppermost part of the Maokou Formation in the Guadalupian/Lopingian (G/L) GSSP section at Penglaitan, Guangxi Autonomous Region, South China. The brachiopod assemblages are bracketed between two conodont zones: Jinogondolella xuanhanensis Zone below and Jinogondolella granti Zone above and, therefore, they can be safely assigned to the latest Capitanian in age. However, all but one of the nine brachiopod species from the Laibin Limestone carry strong early Lopingian (Wuchiapingian) aspect. Thus, the discovery of this brachiopod fauna not only suggests that some Lopingian brachiopod species had already appeared in the late Guadalupian (Capitanian); more importantly, it has also highlighted the fact that both the previously noted pre-Lopingian life crisis (or end-Guadalupian or Middle Permian mass extinction) and Lopingian recovery/radiation actually occurred in late Capitanian times, sometime before the G/L chronostratigraphic boundary. So far, the Penglaitan GSSP section provides the highest-resolution disappearance patterns of different fossil groups around the G/L boundary.     

西藏拉萨地块中部扎布耶茶卡一带中二叠世(蜓)类动物群及其古生物地理意义

对拉萨地块中部扎布耶茶卡北岸的两个剖面开展(虫筳)类动物群系统古生物学及古生物地理研究。鉴定出(虫筳)类 6 属 16 种,包括Yangchienia tobleri Thompson,Yangchienia haydeni Thompson,Chusenella brevipola (Chen),C. schwagerinaeformis Sheng,C. cf. brevis (Chen),C. sp.,Nankinella rarivoluta Wang,Sheng and Zhang,N. complanata Wang,Sheng and Zhang,Kahlerina tenuitheca Wang,Sheng and Zhang,K. pachytheca Kochansky-Devidé and Ramovs,Verbeekina americana Thompson, Wheeler and Danner,V. tenuispira Sheng,Neoschwagerina cheni Sheng,N. colaniae Ozawa,N. craticulifera (Schwager),N. brevis Thompson,Wheeler and Danner。基于Kahlerina属的出现及Neoschwagerina属的厚壁壳体以及第二旋向副隔壁发育较弱的形态特征,判断其时代为二叠纪瓜德鲁普世(Guadalupian)沃德期(Wordian)。该(虫筳)类动物群面貌可与拉萨地块的狮泉河地区、措勤夏东地区、申扎地区、林周地区等对比。拉萨地块从中二叠世开始普遍出现暖水(虫筳)类动物群,这与印度板块北缘特提斯喜马拉雅地区中、晚二叠世时期均以冷水的腕足生物群为主所反映的水体性质有明显的差异。这表明拉萨地块和喜马拉雅地区在晚三叠世之前仍然连在一起的可能性并不大,拉萨地块可能在瓜德鲁普世沃德期以前已经脱离冈瓦纳大陆。     

Changhsingian (Late Permian) foraminifers from the topmost part of the Xiala Formation in the Tsochen area,central Lhasa Block,Tibet and their geological implications

A foraminiferal fauna consisting of 15 genera and 19 species is documented for the first time from the topmost part of the Xiala Formation in the Aduogabu area in Tsochen County, central Lhasa Block. This foraminiferal fauna is dominated by Colaniella, indicating a broadly Changhsingian age. The presence of Colaniella, Reichelina and absence of the typical tropical fusuline genus Palaeofusulina in the fauna indicate that the Lhasa Block has not merged into equatorial regions during the Changhsingian. More importantly, the widespread Lopingian (Late Permian) marine carbonates with warm-water faunas and the stable platform carbonate sequence through the Guadalupian and Lopingian in the Lhasa Block present an obvious contrast against the contemporaneous sequences in the South Qiangtang Block and Gondwana margin. It suggests that both the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean and the Neotethys Ocean would have opened by the Guadalupian and Lopingian.     

A biogeographically mixed, Middle Permian brachiopod fauna from the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, China

A small brachiopod fauna is described from the carbonate rocks of the basal Shazipo Formation of the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, south-west China, including significant new ventral and dorsal internal morphological features of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang. This fauna is regarded as Wordian (Middle Guadalupian, Middle Permian) because of the presence of Cryptospirifer omeishanensis Huang and associated fusulinids ( Neoschwagerina craticulifera Zone). Palaeobiogeographically, the brachiopod fauna is of considerable interest because of its admixed nature characterized by typical warm-water Cathaysian elements intermingled with temperate Peri-Gondwanan taxa. This in turn is interpreted to indicate that the Baoshan Block may have been situated in an intermediate palaeogeographical position between Gondwanaland to the south and Cathaysia to the north during the Mid Permian and, as such, it probably furnished an important 'stepping stone' for the dispersal of Mid Permian eastern Tethyan marine invertebrate taxa (e.g. Cryptospirifer ) to the western Tethys.     

孤峰组最底部的牙形刺动物群

在孤峰组底部发现了包括Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ在内的牙形刺动物群。Ｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｓｅｒｒａｔａ Ｃｌａｒｋ ｅｔ Ｅｔｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ,１９６２是Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｊｉｎ,１９６０）的同义名,Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ已被北美学者推荐为瓜达洛坪统底界的标志化石。因Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｎａ     

巴基斯坦盐岭地区二叠纪生物地层研究的新进展

近30年来,巴基斯坦盐岭地区的Wargal组和Chhidru组以及在喜马拉雅地区相当地层的地质时代被许多学者视为中二叠世(瓜达鲁普世)。根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比,可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期,瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部,吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部,而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。我国西藏南部色龙群及相当地层含有与巴基斯坦盐岭地区Kalabagh段和Chhidru组可对比的乐平世腕足动物群以及二叠系—三叠系界线附近连续的牙形类化石带,由此可以推定色龙群的时代应为乐平世。     

The Permian fusulinoidean faunas of the Sibumasu and Baoshan blocks: their implications for the paleogeographic and paleoclimatologic reconstruction of the Cimmerian Continent

Permian fusulinoidean faunas occur in mainly four stratigraphic levels in the Baoshan Block of West Yunnan and the Sibumasu Block of Southeast Asia, which constituted part of the eastern Cimmerian Continent. The oldest fauna, from the upper part of the Dingjiazhai Formation in the Baoshan Block, consists of Pseudofusulina, Eoparafusulina, and a new boultoniid genus, and is assignable to the Yakhtashian (=Artinskian). The second one, which occurs in the basal part of the Ratburi Limestone and its equivalent strata in the Sibumasu Block, is represented by Monodiexodina, and is probably referable to the Bolorian (=Kungurian). The third fauna, composed of Eopolydiexodina, Rugososchwagerina, Yangchienia, Chusenella, Jinzhangia, and several other genera, is dated to the Murgabian (=Wordian), and occurs in the lower part of the Shazipo and Daaozi formations in the Baoshan Block and the main part of the Ratburi Limestone in the Sibumasu Block. The youngest fauna of probably Dzhulfian (=Wuchiapingian) age is found in the upper part of the Ratburi Limestone, and contains Nanlingella, Reichelina, Codonofusiella?, and a few staffellid genera. A smaller foraminiferal genus, Shanita, found from the upper part of the Ratburi Limestone and the upper part of the Shazipo Formation is also an important element of the foraminiferal assemblage near the Midian-Dzhulfian (=Capitanian-Wuchiapingian) boundary in the Baoshan and Sibumasu blocks.In the eastern Cimmerian Continent, low generic diversity throughout the Permian and the paucity of Tethys-characterizing neoschwagerinid and verbeekinid genera during Middle Permian time are two remarkable features of the Permian fusulinoidean faunas. In the Cimmerian Continent, the generic diversity of Permian fusulinoidean faunas in space and time gradually increases from the Early Permian to late Middle Permian as well as from the eastern Cimmerian areas to western ones. The temporal increase of the generic diversity can be explained by the northward drift of the Cimmerian Continent during Permian time. In contrast, the lower generic diversity of the eastern Cimmerian Permian fusulinoidean faunas against western ones is possibly due to an oblique arrangement of the continent to paleolatitude. Thus, the western Cimmerian Continent was more proximal to the tropical Tethyan domain than its eastern part. In addition, the Middle Permian Cimmerian paleobiogeographic region is likely to be subdivided into two subregions, the western Tethyan Cimmerian and the eastern Gondwanan Cimmerian, based on the distribution pattern of verbeekinid and neoschwagerinid fusulinoideans and overall generic diversity. The scarce occurrence or total absence of these essentially Tethys-indicating fusulinoideans in the Baoshan and Sibumasu blocks suggests that the eastern Cimmerian Continent was still far from the equatoro-tropical Cathaysian domain and was probably in a warm temperate or subtropical zone until the end of the Permian. The eastern Cimmerian areas finally migrated into a tropical zone by the Late Triassic judging from well-developed Carnian sponge-coral buildups in the Chaiburi Formation in the Sibumasu Block.     

黔南下-中二叠统界线层的牙形刺--瓜达鲁平统底界在华南的确认

本文详细研究了贵州罗甸纳水剖面下－中二叠统界线、即瓜达鲁平统（Ｇｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎ）底界附近的牙形刺动物群,并自上而下划分为Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｓｉｃｉｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｍ．ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｉｄａｈｏｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｍ．ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅｌｌａ ｇｕｊｉｏｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｍ．ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａ和Ｍｅｓｏｇｏｎｄｏｌｅ     

Famennian conodonts from the Hongguleleng Formation at the Bulongguoer stratotype section,western Junggar,Northwest China

The Hongguleleng Formation, the highest and most important Devonian marine carbonate horizon in western Junggar, contains an endemic shallow-water Icriodus–Polygnathus conodont fauna with rare palmatolepids and other genera. The conodont faunas from the Bulongguoer and the Wulankeshun sections are similar, with high abundance (about 40%) of endemic taxa (13 taxa), indicating isolation of the Junggar Basin during early Famennian. Non-endemic species in the faunas suggest that the Lower Member of the Hongguleleng Formation is assignable to the Pa. rhomboidea Zone to the Pa. marginifera marginifera Zone of early Famennian, not including the Frasnian–Famennian boundary. The Upper Member may be of late Famennian–early Tournaisian in age on the basis of our preliminary faunal analysis.     

Biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Lower Permian (lower Kungurian) conodonts from the Tak Fa Formation (Saraburi Limestone), Thailand

Lower Permian (lower Kungurian) conodonts are reported from the Indochina Block of Southeast Asia. The fauna from the Tak Fa Formation of the Saraburi Limestone Group exposed in limestone hills NNW of Khok Samrong, Thailand, includes Sweetognathus subsymmetricus Wang, Ritter and Clark (early forms) and Pseudosweetognathus costatus Wang, Ritter and Clark. The co-occurrence of these species indicates a Lower Permian age (upper half of the lower Kungurian) for the sampled limestones representative of the Mesogondolella siciliensis–S. subsymmetricus Zone of South China. Sweetognathus and Pseudosweetognathus are for the first time reported from the Indochina terrane located in the palaeoequatorial belt in the Kungurian. Pseudosweetognathus appears restricted to the Kungurian of the South China and Indochina terranes thus supporting palaeogeographic reconstructions that isolate these terranes within the Palaeo-Tethys during the Kungurian.     

New fish assemblages from the Middle Permian from the Guadalupe Mountains,West Texas,USA

Late Wordian/Capitanian (Guadalupian, Middle Permian) fish assemblages are described from the “McKittrick Canyon Limestone”, Lamar Limestone and Reef Trail Members of the Bell Canyon Formation in the Patterson Hills and the PI section (Hegler/Pinery Members) along Highway 62/180 in the Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas. The assemblages contain chondrichthyan teeth of Stethacanthulus meccaensis, Texasodus varidentatus, Cooleyella cf. amazonensis, C. cf. peculiaris, and the new genus and species Lamarodus triangulus; and buccopharyngeal denticles of undetermined symmoriiform; chondrichthyan scales of eight morphotypes; fragment of an actinopterygian jaw, isolated teeth; the scales of Alilepis sp., Varialepis sp. and undetermined elonichthyid and haplolepid fishes. Using microtomography, the vascularization system has been observed for the first time for the teeth of Texasodus varidentatus and a new taxon Lamarodus triangulus. The distribution of chondrichthyan taxa was analyzed for the known fish assemblages of the Early, Middle, and Late Permian of the world. The end-Guadalupian crisis in the evolution of chondrichthyan fishes involved substantially more taxonomic change than the Permian–Triassic mass extinction.     

Middle Permian ostracod fauna from the Khao Khad Formation (Indochina Terrane), Central Thailand

Permian ostracods are reported for the first time from the Wordian (Middle Permian) Khao Khad Formation of Saraburi Group (Lopburi Province, Central Thailand). The ostracod fauna consists of 18 species belonging to 11 genera including Bairdia, Bohlenatia, Liuzhinia, Silenites, Acratia, Bairdiacypris, Basslerella, Aurigerites, Microcheilinella, Paraparchites and Shemonaella. The studied Khao Khad Limestone, which are rich in fusulinids, gastropods, ostracods, bivalves and brachiopods, was deposited in a shallow carbonate platform on the western margin of the Indochina Terrane. The ostracod assemblage is typically Palaeo-Tethyan and similar to faunas from the other Lower to Middle Permian limestones in central Thailand.     

The Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary (Permian) in a pelagic sequence from Panthalassa recognized by integrated conodont and radiolarian biostratigraphy

Guadalupian–Lopingian sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in accretionary complexes in Japan, but the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary (G–LB) is not well documented from these pelagic sediments. To identify the G–LB and to better correlate an extinction event that occurred around the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary, we examined the conodont biostratigraphy from a Permian pelagic chert sequence in the Gujo-hachiman section, Gifu, southwest Japan. Age-diagnostic conodonts, including Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri, were found in this section. The biostratigraphic occurrences of these age-diagnostic conodonts can pinpoint the “G–L transitional zone” in the Gujo-hachiman section by comparison with well-studied sections from south China, including the GSSP section. The transitional zone was recognized by the first occurrence horizons of both Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis and C. p. postbitteri. The G–LB has been placed at or above the first occurrence horizon of the radiolarians Albaillella yamakitai or Albaillella cavitata in previous studies from China and Japan. We detected the first occurrence horizon of A. yamakitai below the base of the “G–L transitional zone,” in the Upper Capitanian. The conodont biostratigraphy is consistent with the radiolarian biostratigraphy in this section, which can be correlated to relevant sections in China.     

New fossil arthropods (Notostraca and Insecta: Syntonopterida) in the Continental Middle Permian of Provence (Bas-Argens Basin,France)

Apart frequent and relatively common ichnites, only a few body fossils (Ostracoda) have been mentioned in the Red Continental Permian formations of Provence till these last years. During 2006 and 2007 field researches, new arthropods have been discovered in the Pradineaux Formation of the Bas-Argens. They are Triopsidae (Crustacea, Notostraca) and an insect wing (Syntonopteridae) corresponding to a new genus and species Gallolithoneura butchlii gen. et sp. n. This latter is the first insect record in the Permian of Provence and the youngest one of this enigmatic Carboniferous paleopteran family. As in the other French Permian basins (Lodève, Saint-Affrique), these discoveries demonstrate that the Permian Provençal paleofauna was rich and diverse. For the Upper part of the Pradineaux Formation, Capitanian (Upper Guadalupian) in age, the Triopsidae mean the presence of periodical ponds settled in a playa environment evolving under a xerophytic climate. Gallolithoneura butchlii suggests also the presence of aquatic habitats.     

Brachiopods and other fossils from the Permo-Triassic boundary beds of the Antalya Nappes (SW Taurus, Turkey)

An uppermost Permian-Lower Triassic biota of brachiopods, conodonts, algae and foraminifers from the Pamucak and Kokarkuyu formations at Çürük Da? (Antalya, Turkey) is here described. The brachiopods belong to two different assemblages: a lower assemblage, early Wuchiapingian in age, with Spinomarginifera cf. S. helica, Spinomarginifera cf. S. iranica, Alatorthotetina sp. ind., Orthothetina sp. ind., Ombonia antalyensis nov. sp. and few specimens of Pennospiriferinoidea; an upper assemblage, Changhsingian in age, comprising S. cf. S. iranica, Spinomarginifera cf. S. spinosocostata, Spinomarginifera sp. ind. and Orthothetina sp. ind., characteristic taxa of the low diversity survival brachiopod faunas of latest Permian age (Survival Fauna 1). The occurrence of the conodont Hindeodus cf. praeparvus above the brachiopod fauna confirms its Changhsingian age. The oolitic grainstones at the top of the Pamucak Formation contain Permocalculus sp., Macroporella cf. apachena, species of Hemigordius and Palaeozoic Lagenida. Coarse calcite fibrous cements pervade the oo-bioclastic grainstones, suggesting early marine cementation. The base of the Kokarkuyu Formation is characterized by the disaster forms Earlandia amplimuralis and “Cornuspira” mahajeri, gastropods and ostracods. The conodont Isarcicella lobata has been recovered 31 m above the base of the Kokarkuyu Formation, indicating the occurrence of the second Triassic conodont zone above the parvus biozone and below the staeschei biozone. The faunal content at the transition of the Pamucak and Kokarkuyu formations records the biotic survival in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. Facies evolution from lower energy inner platform wackestones and packstones to higher energy open platform oolitic grainstones indicates a transgression at the top of the Pamucak Formation, which continues into the Lower Triassic Kokarkuyu Formation.     

鄂西地区中二叠世鱼类微体化石新材料

本文首次报道产自鄂西宜昌大天坑茅口组中的几种软骨鱼类的鱼鳞化石和硬骨鱼类(葆青鱼和古鳕鱼)鱼牙化石,这些鱼类微体化石与牙形刺Mesogondolella aserrata,Hindeodus minutus,Ellisonia teicherli,Xaniog-nathus elongatus等共生,表明其所在地层的时代为中二叠世。     

一个重要的蒙古二叠纪牙形刺种

在蒙古南部Lugiingol剖面卢金格尔(Lugiingol)组下部发现牙形刺Mesogondolell aidahoensis,该地层应归入下二叠统空谷阶,而不是像以前那样归入上二叠统。