眶额叶微量注射谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸对胃运动的影响及其机制探讨

目的:研究眶额叶(OFC)的谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量变化对胃运动的影响及其调节神经机制。方法:实验采用了大鼠眶额叶微量注射给药,结合核团损毁的方法,以记录胃内压,统计胃收缩幅度作为胃运动变化的指标。结果:①OFC注射Glu可显著降低胃收缩幅度,损毁杏仁核后可反转该效应,胃收缩幅度显著增强;损毁蓝斑核后,Glu的作用无显著性变化。②OFC注射GABA可显著增强胃的收缩幅度,损毁蓝斑核后消除该效应;损毁杏仁核后,胃收缩幅度进一步增强。结论:外源性增加OFC区Glu含量导致的抑胃效应可能是通过增强了杏仁核的经常性抑胃作用而引起的;而增加OFC区GABA的含量引起的胃运动增强与蓝斑核密切相关。     

Orexin在隔核对大鼠胃传入信息的调控

目的:研究orexin在隔核对大鼠胃传入信息的调控作用。方法:选取健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠138只(体质量250-300 g),记录神经元放电活动,鉴定隔核胃牵张(GD)敏感性神经元;隔核微量注射orexin-A或orexin-A受体拮抗剂SB334867,观察隔核GD敏感性神经元放电活动变化;隔核微量注射不同浓度的orexin-A,观察大鼠胃运动的变化。结果:隔核微量注射orexin-A的大鼠胃运动幅度和频率显著增加,并呈剂量依赖关系(P0.05-0.01),微量注射SB-334867可完全阻断orexin-A对胃运动的影响。隔核微量注射orexin-A后,有36个GD-E神经元兴奋(P0.01),16个GD-I神经元抑制。Orexin-A受体拮抗剂SB334867可完全阻断orexin-A对GD敏感神经元的作用。结论:隔核注射orexin能促进大鼠胃运动,并影响胃牵张敏感神经元的放电活动。     

大豆甙元磺酸钠对胃运动的影响及其机制

目的:研究大豆甙元磺酸钠对胃运动的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用SD大鼠腹腔和侧脑室给药,记录胃运动收缩的幅度和频率。结果:①腹腔注射不同剂量的大豆甙元磺酸钠,均引起胃收缩幅度下降,但未呈现剂量效应关系;胃收缩频率无明显变化。②腹腔注射纳洛酮可反转大豆甙元磺酸钠的作用。③腹腔注射心得安,可使大豆甙元磺酸钠抑制胃运动的作用增强,注射酚妥拉明可反转大豆甙元磺酸钠的作用。④腹腔注射阿托品对大豆甙元磺酸钠的作用无明显的影响。⑤侧脑室注射不同剂量的大豆甙元磺酸钠,其中小剂量组出现胃收缩幅度下降,但胃收缩频率亦无明显变化。结论:腹腔和侧脑室注射大豆甙元磺酸钠对胃运动均有抑制作用,且腹腔注射大豆甙元磺酸钠的效应至少部分是与内源性阿片肽及其受体和去甲肾上腺素能神经元及其α受体有关,肾上腺素能神经元及β肾上腺素能受体也参与了大豆甙元磺酸钠抑制胃运动的作用。     

十二指肠内胆盐对胃肌电和运动的影响及其神经机制探讨

本文观察了牛磺胆酸钠(ST)灌入小鼠十二指肠后胃肌电快波、慢波和胃收缩波的变化,并对其神经机制作了探讨。用胃壁双电极和胃内水囊-压力换能器法将胃电和胃运动信号输至放大器,然后由记录仪及电子计算机对该信号进行记录、采集、贮存和处理。以5min为单位,计算出灌注 ST 前、后胃电快波、慢波和收缩波频率与总幅度变化的百分数。结果为:十二指肠灌注 ST(n=10)后,胃电快波频率、幅度和收缩波幅度明显抑制。腹腔神经丛麻醉,利血平化和碳酰胆碱可消除 ST 引起的抑制效应。酚妥拉明不能去除该抑制效应,心得安可部分消除 ST 的抑制效应。上述结果表明,十二指肠灌注 ST 对胃电快波和胃运动有抑制效应,并提示该抑制效应的神经传出途径可能为交感肾上腺素能纤维,由β受体介导。     

电压钳控制电流钳的设计

研究证明,传统膜片钳放大器在电流钳模式下记录到的快速电压信号会存在失真,且造成失真的根本原因是由于膜片钳的探头电路设计.为了克服这些缺陷重新设计了一种探头,新探头电路不仅能像传统的电压跟随器一样测量瞬态电压,而且适用于传统的电压钳工作模式.此外,一种命名为电压钳控制的电流钳技术被应用来改进传统的膜片钳放大器.用可变的低通滤波器来调整电压钳模块的响应速度,从而在实现膜电位钳位的同时准确记录快速电压信号.桥平衡电路用来消除命令电流流过串联电阻时带来的电压误差.而传统膜片钳中的快电容补偿环节则被改进用来补偿电极分布电容和探头放大器输入电容并提高电流钳模式下系统的响应速度.细胞模型实验结果表明,改进后的膜片钳放大器能够满足电生理研究中快速电位变化测量的需要.     

P物质尾核微量注射抑制小鼠胃肌电活动和胃运动

本文观察了小鼠尾核微量注射Ｐ物质或乙酰胆碱对胃肌电和胃运动的ｍ影响;并初步探讨了两者作用的关系。用双极康铜导线引导胃窦部肌电;用水囊连接压力换能器记录胃窦部运动。上述信息经生物电放大器和载波放大器放大后,由四道记录仪描记曲线,同时输入微机进行采集、贮存和处理。计算出注药前后每分钟胃肌电快波、慢波和胃运动波的频率和总幅度的变化百分数。结果如下：尾核注射ＳＰ或ＡＣｈ胃电快波和胃运动呈明显的抑制效应。用     

银杏内酯对大鼠胃平滑肌电活动的作用

目的：探讨银杏叶提取物银杏内酯Ａ对胃肌电活动的影响。方法：离体灌注大鼠胃平滑肌标本,细胞外记录方法观察用药后平滑肌自发电活动的变化特点及其规律。结果：银杏内酯Ａ在１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度时可显著压抑甚或消除外源性乙酰胆碱所倡导的峤民位活动增强作用（ｎ＝１２,Ｐ〈０．０１）,但对平滑肌的正常慢波和自发峰电位活动无明显影响;在较高浓度（５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时,银杏内酯Ａ则使胃电慢波频率较对照增加,峰电位的活动     

无痛胃肠镜与常规胃肠镜在消化道疾病诊治中的临床对比分析

目的:探究并分析无痛胃肠镜与常规胃肠镜在消化道疾病诊治中的临床应用价值。方法:于2014年5月~2015年5期间,选择我院收治的胃肠消化道疾病患者64例为研究对象,根据患者对胃肠镜检测方式的选择,将其分为研究组(33例)和对照组(31例)。研究组患者给予无痛胃肠镜检查,对照组给予常规胃肠镜检查,观察并记录两组患者胃肠镜检查前后血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、心率及血压的变化,内镜操作过程中咽喉反射发生率、不良反应的发生率,术后内镜检查效果评价及患者对操作的满意度。结果:研究组胃肠镜检查效果显著优于对照组,且研究组优良率显著高于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者在胃肠镜检查前后心率、血压及SpO_2均未出现明显变化(P0.05),而对照组患者在内镜查前后心率、血压均出现明显变化,术中心率、血压均明显高于术前和术后(P0.05);研究组患者出现咽喉反射及不良反应发生率均显著低于对照组,对操作满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:无痛胃肠镜与常规胃肠镜相比,患者适应性更好、疼痛轻、不良反应少、安全性高,且患者对操作的满意度高。     

海马Glu与抑郁症的关系及其对胃运动的影响

目的：探讨抑郁症的发生与海马谷氨酸（Glu）的关系及其对胃运动的影响。方法：运用慢性不可预见性温和应激（GUMS）建立抑郁动物模型,采用海马定位微量注射,通过体重变化率、糖水偏爱、敞箱、强迫游泳实验观察大鼠行为表现,用PowerLab／8sp生理信号采集分析系统记录胃内压,观察胃运动的变化。结果：慢性不可预见性温和应激21d,可显著降低大鼠的体重增长率,糖水偏爱率和敞箱实验的水平运动和垂直运动得分,增加了大鼠的游泳不动时间,与正常对照组相比,差异显著。同时大鼠平均胃内压和胃的收缩幅值也显著降低。海马微量注射Glu与慢性不可预见性温和应激引起的动物行为表现一致,而胃运动减弱的程度小于应激组,但与正常时照组比较,差异明显。海马微量注射NMDA受体阻断剂MK-801,可消除应激所引起的抑郁样行为,减弱应激对胃内压的抑制作用,并明显增大胃的收缩幅值。结论：海马Glu和NMDA受体与应激性抑郁发生密切相关,既参与了应激引起的行为变化。又参与了应激引起的胃活动变化,只是对行为影响和胃活动影响有所不同。     

棕色田鼠胃的形态与组织学观察

目的研究棕色田鼠胃的适应性特征。方法采用大体解剖、组织学和扫描电镜研究方法,观察棕色田鼠胃部形态学结构特征。结果根据形态特征棕色田鼠胃部可明显的分为2个胃室,根据有无腺体分布可分为有腺区和无腺区,第一胃室及第二胃室的大部分区为无腺区,胃的无腺区表面为角质化复层扁平上皮;有腺区上皮为单层柱状上皮;第一胃室与第二胃室交界处存在有19～21个特殊的瓣膜结构。结论棕色田鼠胃的形态发生了明显的适应性变化特征,出现了两个胃室,胃室之间首次发现有瓣膜结构存在。     

老年人萎缩性胃炎和胃癌与胃液pH及微生态环境改变的关系探讨

本实验研究了老年人萎缩性胃炎和胃癌患者的胃液ｐＨ值及胃内部分菌群数量与正常人胃液ｐＨ值及菌群数量的比较,从１５例萎缩性胃炎患者和１５例胃癌患者的胃液中发现ｐＨ值增高,随之肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌数量也明显高于正常人,而一些胃内的生理菌少于正常人,由此证明胃内微环境的改变与胃癌的发病率有关系     

抗人胃癌单链抗体的分离纯化及其活性测定

用已经构建的工程菌高效表达抗人胃癌链缺本并使用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱层析分离纯化抗体蛋白。同时用免疫竞争抑制实验,测出单链抗体具有特异性结合胃癌抗原活性。     

小熊猫胃的解剖和组织结构研究

小熊猫的胃属单室腺型胃,它以角切迹为界,可分为胃底部和幽门部两部分。胃壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层组成。四上皮为单层柱状上皮,具有分泌粘液的功能。胃腺有贲门腺、胃底腺、幽门腺三种,但贲门腺不发达。主细胞、壁细胞和粘液细胞的数量与分布呈现规律性变化。肌层发达,特别是内环行肌发达。并与大熊猫胃的结构作了比较。     

在正常和冠状动脉狭窄犬中扩张胃对冠脉血流动力学的影响

饱餐和扩张胃对心血管的影响早已引起人们的注意,但结论是不一致的。以往的实验都是在正常冠脉的动物上进行。本文在造成冠脉狭窄的情况下进行观察。在22条开胸狗的左旋支上,用微米狭窄器造成临界狭窄和重度狭窄。把一个气球送入胃中并充气600ml连续观察30min。正常冠脉组在扩张胃的最初15min内(前期)冠脉流量增多,主动脉压升高,血管总阻力下降,冠脉扩张;在扩张胃后15分钟(后期)无显著变化。冠脉临界狭窄组,前期冠脉流量增多,血管总阻力下降,冠脉扩张;后期流量减少,壁内血管阻力增加,冠脉收缩。冠脉重度狭窄组,前期冠脉流量无明显增加;后期流量显著减少,血管总阻力及心外膜、壁内血管阻力均增加,提示左旋支血管各段都发生收缩。 我们认为,餐后心绞痛的发作可能主要是在原有冠脉狭窄基础上冠脉流量进一步减少的结果。     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of endophytic cancer of the stomach

The authors discuss the potentialities of CT in the diagnosis of endophytic stomach cancer. They proposed a method for CT of the stomach based on a pneumatic study of its lumen via a nasogastric probe with graded inflation and repeated CT imaging. The major CT-semiotics of endophytic stomach cancer were obtained. This method should be employed in combination with the existing routine methods of stomach cancer diagnosis, and its efficacy is in direct relation to the quality of preliminary routine x-ray and endoscopic investigations.     

Considering increased mouse stomach mass when calculating prophylactic vaccine efficacy against Helicobacter pylori

BACKGROUND: Calculating the level of protection follow vaccination against Helicobacter pylori in mice is conventionally performed based on stomach mass. However, prophylactic vaccination is associated with a post-immunisation gastritis which results in considerable thickening of the gastric mucosa. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Here, an analysis of nine experiments demonstrates that this post-immunisation gastritis can actually induce a significant increase in stomach mass. To determine whether this mass increase impacts upon the perceived level of protection, calculations were performed comparing colony-forming units (CFU) either per gram of tissue or per whole stomach. A trend was apparent towards increased stomach mass influencing the degree of protection if CFU were calculated per gram. However, as this effect was not significant, it appears valid to express CFU either per gram or per stomach (if age and gender matched mice are used).     

Growth of fetal rat gastro-intestinal epithelial cells is region-specifically controlled by growth factors and substrata in primary culture

The mammalian gastro-intestinal tract can be divided into three parts: esophagus and forestomach, glandular stomach, and intestine. We have previously reported primary culture systems for duodenal and glandular stomach epithelial cells in which the cells express tissue-specific marker proteins. However, the effects of growth factors and substrata on cell growth have not been fully investigated. In this study a primary culture system was established for forestomach epithelial cells and the mechanism by which the growth of gastro-intestinal epithelial cells is controlled in primary culture was examined. Forestomach, glandular stomach and duodenal epithelial cells proliferated rapidly in culture, increasing their numbers about 30-, 20-and 10-fold, respectively, in the first 5 days. Scanning electron microscopy showed that these three types of epithelial cells exhibited region-specific morphologies in culture. Results on the effects of growth factors and substrata on the proliferation of the epithelial cells revealed that the culture conditions required to induce maximal epithelial growth differed. Forestomach and glandular stomach epithelial cells required similar combinations of growth factors to proliferate, and these were quite different from those required for duodenal epithelial cells. Glandular stomach and duodenal epithelial cells could proliferate in a serum-free condition while forestomach epithelial cells could not. Thus, glandular stomach epithelial cells exhibited intermediate characteristics between forestomach and duodenal epithelial cells regarding their growth factor requirement. Glandular stomach and duodenal epithelial cells could not proliferate on plastic without collagen substrata while forestomach epithelial cells could. Duodenal epithelial cells proliferated faster on collagen gels than on collagen films, and forestomach epithelial cells faster on collagen films than on collagen gels. Glandular stomach epithelial cells proliferated similarly on both substrata. Thus again, glandular stomach epithelial cells exhibited intermediate characteristics between forestomach and duodenal epithelial cells regarding their substratum dependency. We conclude that the growth of gastro-intestinal epithelial cells is affected by both growth factors and substrata, and that glandular stomach epithelial cells exhibit intermediate characteristics between forestomach and duodenal epithelial cells in responding to these factors. These results suggest that a head-to-tail gradient exists in the gastro-intestinal tract which controls the epithelial response to growth factors and substrata.     

Diet of Adenomera thomei (Almeida and Angulo, 2006) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from a rubber tree plantation in southern Bahia,Brazil

This work describes the diet of a population of Adenomera thomei from a rubber tree plantation within the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. Individuals were measured and treated with a stomach flushing method. We assessed the correlation between morphometric aspects and stomach contents and compared electivity with the available invertebrate fauna in the leaf litter. The most important item in the diet was Formicidae. We found 2.48 prey items per stomach. Electivity was highest for isopods. We conclude that A. thomei is a sit-and-wait forager that, despite feeding mainly on ants, cannot be considered an ant specialist because it selects other prey items present in their environment.     

Gastrointestinal responses of rainbow trout to dry pellet and low-fat herring diets

Long-term voluntary-feeding experiments were carried out on farmed, 2-year-old rainbow trout offered a commercial dry feed, or chopped low-fat Baltic herring. Despite large differences in dietary water, protein and lipid content, the trout adjusted their intake to consume similar amounts of dry matter. After an 18-week trial, the stomach volumes of the herring-fed trout were significantly larger (30–35%) than those fed on the dry diet. Greatest differences were observed when fish were fed one meal per day; increasing the number of daily feeding opportunities reduced these expected stomach volumes on each diet by 15–20%. The relative increase in stomach volume was shown to be due to growth of the cardiac stomach region (corpus) rather than the pyloric region, and not to muscle relaxation; the change was completed within 10 weeks. Data were collected in a separate study to investigate stomach size in fish (age 0+, 1+, 2+) of similar genetic backgrounds which had been grown using dry pelleted diets. Despite considerable variation between populations, stomach volume to body weight relationship was allometric ( S = a W ^b) with the exponent in the range of 0.3–0.4.     

磁处理党参、白术药液对胃蛋白酶活性影响的研究

目的 :观察磁处理党参、白术药液对胃蛋白酶活性的影响。方法 :用麦特 (Mett)氏法比较正常对照组 ,非磁处理党参、白术药液组与磁处理党参、白术药液组的胃蛋白酶活性。结果 :与正常对照组比较 ,磁处理党参、白术药液组有显著提高胃蛋白酶活性的作用 (p <0 .0 1 ) ;与非磁处理药液组比较 ,磁处理药液组也都有提高胃蛋白酶活性的作用 (p <0 .0 5及p <0 .0 1 )。结论 :磁处理党参、白术药液可提高胃蛋白酶活性