中国绵蚜亚科三新种二新亚种记述(同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科)

本文记述了中国绵蚜亚科Eriosomatinae种新和2新亚种,即：北扣绵蚜新种Colophina arc tica Zhang et Qiao,sp.nov.,多室四脉绵蚜新种了Tetraneura olychorema Zhang,sp.nov.,食榆四脉 绵蚜新种T.Ulmicema Zhang,sp.nov.,白卡绵蚜东台新亚种Kaltenbachiella pallida dongtaiensis Zhang ssp.Nov.和钉四脉绵蚜冰草新亚种Tetraneura capitatatusagropyricena Zhang,ssp.Nov.模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国带斑蚜属记述（同翅目：斑蚜科）

本文记述中国带斑蚜属Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔｅｒｉｎｅｌｌａ Ｇｏｏｔ,１９１３２种,其一为新亚种：河北带斑蚜Ｃａｌｌｉｐｔｅｒｉｎｅｌｌａ ｃａｌｌｉｐｔｅｒａ ｈｅｂｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新亚种的模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

刺蚜属分类学研究(半翅目,蚜科,毛管蚜亚科)

研究了刺蚜属Cervaphis van der Goot分类,该属世界已知5种1亚种;重新定义了该属的鉴别特征,编制了分种(亚种)检索表,补充了已知种的地理分布与寄主植物信息;记述了1中国新纪录种--棘刺蚜Cervaphisechinata Hille Ris Lambers,1956,提供了形态特征图和照片.研究标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国跳蚜亚科分类学研究

中国跳蚜亚科Saltusaphida(Homoptera,Aphididae)已知5属,依跳蚜属Iziphya Nevsky新纪录,聂跳蚜属Nevskyella Ossiannilsson,跳蚜属Saltusaphis Theobald新纪录,亚跳蚜属Subsaltusaphis Quednau,蓟马蚜属Thripsaphis Gillete;11种或亚种,蟾依跳蚜Iziphya bufo Walker新纪录,蘑茹聂跳蚜Nevskyella fungifera (Ossiannilsson)新纪录,拟蘑菇聂跳蚜N.similifungifera Qiao and Zhang,华聂跳蚜,N,sinensis (Zhang,Zhang and Zhong),瘤聂跳蚜N,tuberculata Zhang and Zhang,灯心草跳蚜Saltusaphis scirpus Theobald新纪录,饰亚跳蚜Subsaltusaphis ornata(Theobald),新纪录,灯心草跳蚜Saltusaphis scirpus Theobald新纪录,饰亚跳蚜Subsaltusaphis ornata(Theobald)新纪录,泊蓟马蚜Thripsaphis ballii(Gillette),居薹蓟马蚜Th.caricicola(Mordvilko),雾灵山蓟马蚜Th.cyperi wulingshanensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhong and Tian,河北蓟马蚜Th.ossiannissoni hebeiensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhong,and Tian,河北蓟马蚜Th.ossian nilssoni hebeiensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhongand Tian,提供了分属,分种或亚种检索表,各属提供了鉴别特征,所有分类单元具有文献引证,寄主植物,地理分布和检视标本的记录,每个新纪录种有简要的形态记述和特征图,所有研究标本存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国蚜科一新纪录属四新纪录种(同翅目,蚜总科)

研究了中国蚜科Aphididae 1新纪录属4新纪录种,包括蚜亚科Aphidinae蚜属Aphis 2新纪录种:番樱桃蚜Aphis eugeniae van der Goot,1917和粉蚜居梨亚种Aphis farinosa yanagicola Matsumura,1917;长管蚜亚科Macrosiphinae 1新纪录属:微小瘤蚜属Micromyzella Eastop,1955;2新纪录种:犹太微小瘤蚜Micromyzella judenkoi (Carver,1965)和香蕉交脉蚜卡拉第亚种Pentalonia nigronervosa caladii van der Goot,1917.提供了形态记述、寄主植物、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在英国自然历史博物馆.     

中国蚜科一新纪录属--麻黄蚜属(同翅目:蚜科)

报道中国蚜科Aphididae 1新纪录属－麻黄蚜属Ephedraphis Hille Ris Lambers,1959和1新纪录种－麻黄蚜Ephedraphis gobica Szelegiewicz,1963。该蚜虫取食具有重要药用价值和固沙作用的麻黄属Ephedra spp.植物。麻黄蚜在中国采自宁夏回族自治区的盐池县和铜川市,国外分布在蒙古国,文中记述了麻黄蚜无翅孤雌蚜和有支孤雌蚜的形态特征及在中国的地理分布,绘制了形态特征图,研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国卡绵蚜属研究(同翅目,蚜科,瘿绵蚜亚科)

研究了中国卡绵蚜属Kaltenbachiella Schouteden,共记述3种,光滑卡绵蚜K.glabra Akimoto,1985,尼卡绵蚜K.nirecola(Matsumura,1917),榆卡绵蚜K.ulmifusa (Walsh and Riley,1869)和1亚种,白卡绵蚜东台亚种K.pallida dongtainesis Zhang,1997.其中尼卡绵蚜和榆卡绵蚜为2新纪录种.提供了分种检索表、形态记述、寄主植物、地理分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国长斑蚜属研究及新种记述(同翅目：斑蚜科)

该文系统研究了中国长斑蚜属Tinocallis Matsumura的15种蚜虫,其中包括:1个新种,短节长斑蚜T. microtylodes sp.nov.和2个中国新记录种,斑长斑蚜T.platani(Kaltenbach,1943)和木兰长斑蚜T. magnoliae Ghosh & Raychaudhuri,1972。同时提供了该属中国分布种类的检索表,每种提供有详细的寄主植物和地理分布资料,新种还提供了重要的形态特征图。所有标本包括模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国新叶蚜属研究及新种记述：（同翅目：斑蚜科）

作者系统整理了我国新叶蚜属Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920标本,共有2种,其一为新种。给出中国的分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 新叶蚜属Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920 Neophy llaphis Takahashi,1920,Can.Ent.52:20模式种Neophy llaphis podocarpi Takahashi,1920.     

中国根蚜属的研究（同翅目：蚜科：瘿绵蚜亚科）的研究（同翅目：蚜科：瘿绵蚜亚科）

系统研究了中国根蚜属Geoica Hart的蚜虫。中国分布有5种（亚种）,其中有二新种：拟钝毛根蚜G. parasetu losa Zhang et Qiao和尸根蚜G. necis Zhang et Qiao, 一新亚种：袋根蚜乌鲁木齐亚种G. urticularia urumqiensis Qiao et Zhang。该文提供了详细的形态特征记述,寄主植物和地理分布资料,中国分布种类的分种检索表和24幅形态特征图。所有标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.