蓝藻Anabaena 7120光漂白细胞的放氢

蓝藻Anabaena 7120光漂白细胞的放氢显著地比正常细胞高,而固氮活性则低。此种放氢对CO的敏感度和对O_2抑制的忍受度都大于正常细胞。乙炔预处理后放氢下降,而分子氢预处理后则增加。CO_2、N_2、结合态氮和光合抑制剂都明显地抑制蓝藻光漂白细胞放氢。加入外源的碳水化合物可促进放氢,如同时加入抑制剂,则有益作用受到削弱,甚至消失。     

分子氮影响了蓝藻Anabaena 7120对氢的吸收

蓝藻经分子氮预处理后,其吸氢量和固氮活性都下降。与未经分子氮预处理的蓝藻相比,此种蓝藻对CO、O_2和C_2H_2预处理的敏感度以及受弱光、黑暗、光合抑制剂和NH_4Cl的抑制程度都小一些。在一定浓度范围内,CO_2和分子氮以及H_2和O_2的加合对蓝藻吸氢的促进作用则高一些。     

分子氢支持蓝藻Anabaena7120固氮的生理基础研究

1.在一般条件下供给分子氢,蓝藻的乙炔还原活性相对增长百分率不如加入光合及代谢抑制剂那样显著。弱光和暗处理条件下,分子氢对蓝藻的增益作用较明显。2.分子氢对年轻蓝藻固氮作用的促进比对年老的大。3.在氨和尿素等结合氮影响下,蓝藻固氮活性受到抑制,同时加入分子氢,则其活性便有所提高。4.用氮气、二氧化碳和二氧化碳+氮气处理蓝藻,其固氮活性受到削弱,同时供给分子氢,则蓝藻的乙炔还原活性便得到明显的促进。5.经以乙炔预先处理过的蓝藻,无论添加光合和代谢抑制剂与否,其固氮活性均下降。加分子氢与不加分子氢的乙炔还原活性相近,分子氢对固氮的增益作用显著被削弱以至消失,加和不加抑制剂的氢耗也都下降,不加抑制剂的氢耗相对下降百分率更大。这表明分子氢支持蓝藻固氮和氢酶活动有联系。     

分子氢在鱼腥蓝藻Anabaena 7120固氮活性受氧损伤中的保护作用

分子氢在一定程度上可以消除氧对蓝藻固氮活性的损伤而起一种保护作用。氧对蓝藻固氮活性的损伤主要在固氮反应初期,且是不可逆的。分子氢的保护作用也在反应初期,分子氢过迟加入,其保护作用就会受到削弱或消失,其最大保护作用是在与氧同时加入之时。分子氢的保护作用和生理条件有一定联系。年老的蓝藻中,分子氢支持的固氮活性对氧敏感小些。温度、CO_2、氮气和一系列抑制剂都只影响固氮活性的高低,并不改变分子氢的有益行为。蓝藻经乙炔预处理导致氢酶受抑时,分子氢对固氮活性受氧损伤时的保护作用即受到削弱或消失。     

缺钼培养的蓝藻Anabaena 1720放氢的研究

培养液中缺钼时,蓝藻Anabaena 7120的放氢受到削弱,其削弱程度比固氮活性的削弱小。此种蓝藻的放氢对CO和氧都敏感,预先以乙炔处理时,其放氢即受抑制,而在光下以分子氢预处理则促进放氢。这类蓝藻光下放氢比暗中高,当添加光合抑制剂或氯化铵于反应系统时,其放氢便明显下降。     

蓝藻Anabaena7120的固氮活力及其和光合作用的关系

蓝藻Anabaena 7120经用Ar+CO_2、空气和Ar处理后,固氮活性有明显不同。Ar+CO_2处理的活性比空气处理的高出数倍,而Ar处理的则比空气中的低很多。以上三种处理的Anabaena 7120固氮对不同生理条件反应不一样,固氮活性高者对CO和O_2的敏感程度小些、受到CO_2和N_2的抑制程度也轻。但是分子氢对三者固氮作用的支持效用相同,并且也是和氢酶活动有联系。弱光下固氮活力低的蓝藻固氮活性下降得更大些。光合抑制剂和结合态氮对固氮活力高的蓝藻固氮活性的抑制显著比固氮活力低者小。三者的放氢和放氧能力也不同,固氮活力高者放氧高而放氢量小些,低固氮活力的蓝藻正好相反。     

蓝藻Anabaena 7120的固氮放氢和同化力之间的关系

分子氮和二氧化碳对蓝藻Anabaena 7120固氮的抑制作用可因反应系统中pH值的提高以及对蓝藻进行预照光处理而削弱或消除。分子氢对经预照光处理的蓝藻固氮活性不但不支持,且有削弱。预暗处理的效应恰好相反。蓝藻经低温(4℃)预处理后,分子氢对其固氮活性支持减弱,甚至抑制。蓝藻放氢对分子氢和同化力水平的反应规律在趋势上与固氮基本相同。     

蓝藻Anabaena7120断裂丝状体的固氮作用

蓝藻Anabaena 7120经甲苯处理后,其固氮活性不仅下降,而且对氧也很敏感。处理前24小时(?)时供给CO_2和N_2,其固氮活性受到促进,促进程度比单供给CO_2的大。氢对其支持和氢对其受氧损伤时的保护作用、光合抑制剂和暗处理对其抑制程度均比未经甲苯处理的蓝藻大。外源碳水化合物对其固氮活性也有促进,但同时加抑制剂时,碳水化合物的良好效应消失。     

蓝藻(Anabaena 7120)的光合放氢和参与放氢的酶

蓝藻Anabaena 7120放氢是一个依赖于光的过程,暗中几乎测不出放氢活性。静置方式培养的蓝藻预先进行强化培养是测得高放氢活性的重要条件。年轻的蓝藻放氢活性比年老的高。氯化铵和一系列光合作用抑制剂对蓝藻放氢有抑制作用,弱光加剧氯化铵对放氢的抑制。在弱光加光合抑制剂的条件下,受氯化铵抑制的放氢活性恢复速度比强光下慢。CO_2、N_2、NaN_3和KNO_3与放氢竞争电子而抑制蓝藻的放氢。C_2H_2促进蓝藻放氢,CO则抑制放氢,C_2H_2和CO一起加入时,放氢受到的促进显著比单加C_2H_2的大。经分子氢预处理过的蓝藻,其放氢活性在光下可以得到明显的促进。     

蓝藻Anabaena 7120固氮的光调节

蓝藻Anabaena 7120固氮是一个依赖于光的过程,暗中乙炔还原活性检测不出来。预先以强光、弱光或黑暗对蓝藻进行短期处理,也会引起其固氮活性呈现相应的高低差异。在蓝藻固氮反应中加入NH_4Cl、KNO_3或尿素等结合态氮时,乙炔还原活性即受到抑制,弱光加剧这种抑制,受尿素抑制的蓝藻固氮活性恢复时,强光下比弱光下快。一系列光合抑制剂对蓝藻固氮活性都有抑制作用,弱光下此种抑制加剧。尿素和此类抑制剂对蓝藻固氮活性呈现协同性抑制,其效应和弱光下尿素对固氮抑制加剧是一致的。受尿素抑制的蓝藻固氮活性恢复过程中,加入光合抑制剂的恢复慢,而且只能维持在一个很低的水平上。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.