岩参属的分类学界限及中国-喜马拉雅菊科二新属

本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正 及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属,即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih;文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。     

菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属

本文是对菊科莴苣属Lactuca L. 的分类订正, 文中起用了乳苣属Mulgedium Cass.和山 莴苣属Lagedium Sojak两个较老的属名, 建立了二个新属,即翅果菊属Ptrocypsela Shih与假 福王草属Paraprenathes Chang. 文末提供了莴苣属及邻近属以及东亚地区的有关种类的分属分种检索表。     

山东菊科莴苣亚族植物花粉形态研究

应用光镜和扫描电镜对山东菊科莴苣亚族11属18种、1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察研究。结果表明:莴苣亚族植物的花粉呈球形,具3~4沟孔,花粉表面具有网状纹饰,粗网眼15~21个,网脊上具1行刺,属于蒲公英(Taraxacum)型,与已报道的莴苣亚族其它属种的花粉形态相一致。通过莴苣亚族属间花粉形态的比较,认为花粉形态在属间分类上意义不大。     

内蒙古种子植物新资料

报道了内蒙古1个新分布记录属--莴苣属(Lactuca L.);3个新分布记录种:双穗麻黄 (Ephedra distachya L.)、丝毛蓝刺头(Echinops nanus Bunge)、野莴苣(Lactuca serriola L.).     

中国细蚁亚科系统分类研究（膜翅目：蚁科）

记载中国细蚁亚科Leptanillinae昆虫2属。报道细蚁属Leptanilla Emery 3种：湖南细蚁L. hunanensis Tang, Li et Chen分布于湖南省,台湾细蚁L.taiwanensis Ogata, Terayama et Masuko分布于台湾省,云南细蚁L.yunnanensis sp.nov.分布于云南省。原细蚁属Protanilla Taylor为中国新记录属,在云南省采集并描述该属2新种：单色原细蚁P.concolor sp.nov.和双色原细蚁P.bicolor sp.nov.。编制了细蚁亚科这2属的工蚁分属检索表和中国分布种工蚁分种检索表。     

莴苣属6种近似种瘦果形态的扫描电镜观察

【目的】研究莴苣属6种近似种瘦果超微形态,确定鉴别特征,为口岸检疫鉴定提供参考。【方法】利用扫描电子显微镜观察莴苣属6个近似种瘦果的表面特征、冠毛、种脐、衣领状环等超微形态特征,测量瘦果表面刺长、刺宽、刺间距、冠毛节间长度等,并应用单因素方差分析进行显著差异评价。【结果】野莴苣脐口无环形边,其他5种均具环形边;野莴苣瘦果表面突起呈锐三角状物,乳苣突起呈耳状物;乳苣与莴苣衣领状环呈圆形或近圆形,其他4种呈椭圆形;乳苣、刺毛莴苣冠毛节间长度最小,毒莴苣的最长;野莴苣、莴苣、山莴苣次之;毒莴苣瘦果冠毛上的刺基部稍肿大,而其他5种未见肿大;瘦果超显微特征性状测量值在种之间存在差异。【结论】莴苣属种脐的形状和环形边的有无、种脐中央的突起物形状、衣领状环形状、瘦果表面纹饰特征及突起物的形状等超微形态特征可以作为莴苣属种类判定依据;瘦果表面的刺长度和宽度、刺间距、冠毛节间长度数值差异显著可以用于莴苣属种类鉴定。     

细蛾科中国新记录属——翼细蛾属及其三新记录种记述

首次报道了翼细蛾属Micrurapteryx Spuler在中国的分布,同时记述了该属3新记录种:翘须翼细蛾M.fumosella Kuznetzov＆Tristan、白头翼细蛾M.gradatella(HerrichSch(a)ffer)和短须翼细蛾M.sophorivora Kuznetzov＆Tristan.文中...     

山东莴苣亚族植物的修订

对山东现有的莴苣亚族的植物标本进行了研究,确定山东莴苣亚族植物有24种,分属于12个属,即：苦苣菜属(Sonchus L.)、乳苣属(mulgedium Cass.)、山柳菊属(Hieracium L.)、黄鹌菜属(Youngia Cass.)、福王草属(Prenanthes L.)、翅果菊属(Pterocypsela Shih)、莴苣属(Lactuca L.)、苦荬菜属(Ixeris Cass.)、小苦荬属(Ixeridium (A.Gray) Tzvel.)、沙苦荬属(Chorisis DC.)、黄瓜菜属(Paraixeris Nakai)和蒲公英属(Taraxacum L.)。发现1个新记录种：华蒲公英(Taraxacum borealisinense Kitam.)。     

中国云南细蚁亚科二新种(膜翅目:蚁科)

在云南省昆明市西山森林公园发现细蚁亚科2新种,即叉颚原细蚁Protanilla furcoandibula sp.nov和昆虫细蚁Leptanilla kunmingensis sp.nov。分别编制了中国原细蚁属Protanilla3个已知种和细蚁属Lep-tanilla4个已知种工蚁分种检索表,并附所有物种的插图。     

浙江产7种菝葜的染色体研究

本文报道浙江产菝葜属smilax 7个种的染色体数目和核型。S．nipponica有两种核型,2n＝26和2n=32,均为3B型,但后一种细胞型的雄株的第一对染色体大小不等,可能为性染色体;S.riparia 2n=30,属3B型;S．siebodii n＝16;S. china有两个染色体数目,2n＝96 和n＝15;S. davidiana 2n=32,属3B型,对减数分裂MI的观察发现n＝16;S．glabra 2n=32,亦属3B型：S. nervo-marginata var．liukiuensis 2n=32,属3C型。讨论了种间在核型上的差异、属的基数、核型演化趋势和性染色体等问题。     

中国齿状真菌研究5.齿耳属(担子菌门,皱孔菌科)(英文)

对我国木生齿状真菌齿耳属进行了研究,报道了该属3个中国新记录种:阔纤毛齿耳菌Steccherinum ciliolatum、山生齿耳菌S.oreophilum和强壮齿耳菌S.robustius。3个种分别采集自黑龙江、四川和吉林省。从形态学及分子系统学方面确定了该属3个种类的分类地位。阔纤毛齿耳菌主要特征为:子实体平伏,奶油色至浅黄色,短齿,边缘呈绒毛状,孢子椭圆形;山生齿耳菌主要特征为:子实体小,平伏至反卷,菌盖表面光滑,子实层体齿状至孔状,骨架囊状体锥形,孢子窄椭圆形;强壮齿耳菌的主要特征为:子实体平伏至反卷,菌齿浅橘红色至暗黄色,孢子宽椭圆形。分子系统学方面,Steccherinum 3个种类获得了高的支持率,分属不同分支,显著区别于该属的其他种类。根据采集到的标本对它们进行了详细的描述和绘图,并给出了我国该属已知15种的检索表及每种的简要特征。     

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and animals in Iran

Isolates of Cryptosporidium spp. from human and animal hosts in Iran were characterized on the basis of both the 18S rRNA gene and the Laxer locus. Three Cryptosporidium species, C. hominis, C. parvum, and C. meleagridis, were recognized, and zoonotically transmitted C. parvum was the predominant species found in humans.     

Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Stiropius Cameron (=Bucculatriplex Auct.) with the description of a new related genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract. The New World rogadine genus Stiropius Cameron is revised for the Nearctic region and a new related genus from the Americas, Viridipyge , is decribed. Bucculatriplex Viereck is found to be a junior subjective synonym of Stiropius Cameron. Three Nearctic species are recognized: S.bucculatricis (Ashmead) comb.n., S.californicus sp.n. and S.wagneri sp.n. A single Nearctic specis of Viridipyge is described as new: V.prunicola , and a Neotropical species, V.letifer (Mann) comb.n., is found to be congeneric. The biology and systematic relationships of both genera are discussed; the two genera appear to represent a relatively basal branch of the Rogadini lineage.     

Phylogeny and a new species of Sparassis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): evidence from mitochondrial atp6, nuclear rDNA and rpb2 genes

Three nuclear genes, lsu-rDNA (encoding nuclear large subunit rDNA), ITS (encoding the rDNA internal transcribed spacers and 5.8 S rDNA) and rpb2 (encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II), and the mitochondrial gene atp6 (encoding the sixth subunit of ATP synthase), were sequenced from all recognized Sparassis lineages. Sparassis latifolia sp. nov. from boreal coniferous forests in China is described based on morphological, ecological, geographical and molecular data. The nuclear gene phylogeny strongly supported groups corresponding to morphological differences, geographic distribution and host shifts among species that produce clamp connections, such as S. crispa from Europe, S. radicata from western North America and S. latifolia from Asia. The atp6 phylogeny however showed no divergence among these three species. For clampless Sparassis species, such as S. spathulata from eastern North America, S. brevipes and a new species from Europe, the atp6 phylogeny was congruent with the nuclear gene phylogeny. Sparassis cystidiosa is basal in the nuclear tree but sister to S. brevipes-S. spathulata clade in the ATP6 tree. The differences between the phylogenetic inferences from the atp6 gene and those from nuclear genes within Sparassis species are discussed.     

The taxonomy and biology of Stenosiphonium Nees (Acanthaceae)

A taxonomic revision of Stenosiphonium Nees is provided. Morphological variation within the genus is documented, the relationship between Stenosiphonium and Strobilanthes Blume is discussed, and problems of species delimitation are resolved. Three species are recognized. Stenosiphonium cordifolium (Vahl) Alston is morphologically variable and is widespread throughout peninsular India and Sri Lanka. S. setosum T. Anderson and S. wightii Bremek. are restricted endemics from the southern Western Ghats, each known from very few herbarium collections. Both S. setosum and S.wightii are recognized as rare in accordance with IUCN criteria. There is evidence to suggest that all three species of Stenosiphonium are plietesial which may explain the paucity of herbarium collections of both S. setosum and S. wightii. The implications of a plietesial lie history strategy for the assessment of the conservation status of these species is considered.     

中国五加科植物的分类学研究: 罗伞属和鹅掌柴属的新种和新异名

在编写《Flora of China》五加科Araliaceae时,发现两个新种,即拟榕叶罗伞Brassaiopsis pseudoficifolia Lowry＆C．B．Shang和光华鹅掌柴Scheffiera zhuana Lowry＆C．B．Shang。前者与榕叶罗伞B.ficifolia Dunn很相似,其区别在于,叶裂片数目较多,花序上具较多的伞形花序,花序轴具刺,主要分布于云南,广西偶见。后者与白花鹅掌柴S．leucantha R．Vig．相似,其区别在于,子房心皮数目较多,果时具明显的萼缘,花盘扁平,叶质地较薄,局限分布于西藏墨脱县。同时发现越南产的Brassaiopsis gaussenii Bui和中国产的细序鹅掌柴Scheffiera tenuis H．L．Li、球序鹅掌S.glomerulata H．L．Li均不能成立,处理为异名。     

隔担菌属三新种和三个中国新记录种

报道隔担菌属3个新种和3个中国新记录种。新种分别是胡颓子隔担菌Septobasidium elaeagni,绣球隔担菌Septobasidium hydrangeae和云南隔担菌Septobasidium yunnanense。中国新记录种分别是黑点隔担菌Septobasidium atropunctum,菌丝状隔担菌Septobasidium conidiophorum和拟隔担菌 Septobasidium septobasidioides。     

New species and distinctive geographical divergences of the genus Sparassis (Basidiomycota): evidence from morphological and molecular data

Species of the genus Sparassis in East Asia were investigated using morphology and DNA sequences data. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the nuclear gene coding for the ribosomal large subunit (nLSU) and partial gene coding RNA polymerase subunit II (rpb2) strongly supported lineages corresponding to morphological features. Three taxa, S. subalpina, S. cystidiosa f. flabelliformis and S. latifolia were recognized from East Asia, and the former two taxa are new to science. The occurrence of S. latifolia in Japan and in the Russian Far East was confirmed. Geographical divergences of Sparassis in the Holarctic were observed. Most species have relatively narrow distribution ranges, and taxa with intercontinental distributions were not detected. Divergence of species in the Northern Hemisphere in different clades appears to have taken place at different times: the S. latifolia-crispa-radicata species complex appears to have undergone a recent radiation, while the S. subalpina-brevipes-spathularia species complex represents a relatively ancient speciation.     

Gene arrangements characteristic of the phylum Actinobacteria

The availability of genomic sequence data allows new challenges to various biological problems. One of such attempts is the extraction of phylogenetic information from gene order data of genomes. Phylogenetic inferences are most commonly carried out on the basis of 16S rRNA trees, which sometimes produce unresolved or unreliable branching orders. One example for such a low resolution is recognized in the branching pattern among the phylum Actinobacteria. Here, gene arrangements characteristic of the Actinobacteria were identified, based on which Symbiobacterium thermophilum is phylogenetically placed outside that phylum, this being in contrast to 16S rRNA trees and to the current taxonomy in GenBank. Three transposition suggestive arrangements were found which support a notion that Rubrobacter xylanophilus is the earliest diverging species among the completely sequenced Actinobacteria. The gene arrangements identified here serve as a complement to previously reported indels and proteins characteristic of this phylum.     

中国球粉衣属地衣

球粉衣属地衣主要分布在南半球,某些种分布于热带至亚热带。中国的球粉衣属地衣只在台湾有过记载,作者对云南、贵州、湖南的有关标本进行了形态与化学研究,并与来自澳大利亚的有关标本进行了比较,首次报道中国大陆球粉衣属的三个种:二型球粉衣,台湾球粉衣和黑果球粉衣。所有三个种均出现在云南,湖南只有黑果球粉衣,贵州只有台湾球粉衣。对这三个种的形态和化学中的某些问题进行了讨论,并根据文献资料提供了它们的世界分布。