遗传实验课最优化组合教学的设计与实施

《遗传学》是一门理论性很强的学科,又是一门方法非常精密的实验科学。本文就如何贯穿新的教育思想、新的教学方法,对《遗传学》实验课进行了最优化组合教学试验,对提高师范生的生物学能力、教学效率和学生的水平进行了剖析。     

遗传实验课最优化组合教学的设计与实施

《遗传学》是一门理论性很强的学科,又是一门方法非常精密的实验科学。本文就如何贯穿新的教育思想、新的教学方法,对《遗传学》实验课进行了最优化组合教学试验,对提高师范生的生物学能力、教学效率和学生的水平进行了剖析。     

情景引导教学在医学高专医学遗传学教学的应用

医学遗传学是医学高专院校的一门重要基础课程,针对医学高专生实用型基层医疗人才培养特点,在医学遗传学教学中应采用情景引导等有效教学法,通过建立不同的教学情景改变以往单一讲授教学模式为多样化互动模式,促进医学专科生对医学遗传知识的理解和实践能力的提高,不断提高教学质量。     

信息技术与《遗传学》教学整合的研究与实践

随着以多媒体技术、网络技术为基础的信息技术的迅猛发展,运用现代信息技术促进教育改革与发展是必然趋势。遗传学是一门前沿的生命科学学科,内容庞杂、枯燥难懂。如何针对本门课程的特点,构建有效的教学模式,是广大教师面对的一项重要课题。因此,更新教学理念、探索以信息技术为载体的遗传学教学新模式意义深远。     

普通小麦相关研究进展在遗传学理论教学中的应用

普通小麦(T.aestivum L.)又称异源六倍体小麦,其基因组是由来自3个不同二倍体祖先且亲缘关系较近的基因组(A、B和D)构成。普通小麦的进化历程一直是遗传学教学中阐述物种形成和染色体数目变异机制的经典案例。近年来,伴随着科学技术的快速发展和应用,普通小麦的相关研究在细胞学水平、分子水平、基因组水平均取得了重大突破和进展。本文对普通小麦最新研究成果进行了梳理和总结,将相关前沿科学内容与遗传学各章节的理论教学相结合,并应用于遗传学的理论教学中。这不仅是对经典遗传学教材内容的补充和发展,同时也能够让学生认识到遗传学是一门不断发展的自然科学,在提高学生学习兴趣的同时,实现对遗传学基本内容和前沿科学动态的系统学习。     

“教学、实践、科研、临床”四位一体的医学遗传学教学体系建设探索与实践

医学遗传学课程介于基础医学和临床医学之间,是一门应用性很强的学科,在现代医学教育体系中有着重要的地位。教学团队在多年的医学遗传学教学实践中,在建设省级精品课程的过程中,构建了"教学、实践、科研、临床"四位一体的医学遗传学教学体系,主要内容包括"课堂教学、社会实践、科学研究、临床应用"四者之间相互渗透、相互补充、相互促进,以课堂教学为基础,用社会实践补充教学,科学研究提升教学,临床应用促进教学。"四位一体"教学体系为基础课程与临床课程的有机整合探索了一条切实可行的路子。实施几年来,课程建设收到了良好效果,学科团队科研水平、社会声誉、医疗服务能力也有明显提高。     

临床遗传学的教学方法探讨

临床遗传学是一门新兴学科,是研究对遗传性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗的学科.加强医学生的临床遗传学专业知识的培养以及临床医生遗传学知识的普及,对临床遗传学学科的发展至关重要.本文分析了我国高校临床遗传学的教学现状,总结了临床遗传学教学方法的改革探索与体会,不仅有助于提高临床遗传学教学效果,更有利于培养高素质医学人才.     

“教学、实践、科研、临床”四位一体的医学遗传学教学体系建设探索与实践

医学遗传学课程介于基础医学和临床医学之间,是一门应用性很强的学科,在现代医学教育体系中有着重要的地位。教学团队在多年的医学遗传学教学实践中,在建设省级精品课程的过程中,构建了“教学、实践、科研、临床”四位一体的医学遗传学教学体系,主要内容包括“课堂教学、社会实践、科学研究、临床应用”四者之间相互渗透、相互补充、相互促进,以课堂教学为基础,用社会实践补充教学,科学研究提升教学,临床应用促进教学。“四位一体”教学体系为基础课程与临床课程的有机整合探索了一条切实可行的路子。实施几年来,课程建设收到了良好效果,学科团队科研水平、社会声誉、医疗服务能力也有明显提高。     

细菌分子遗传知识在实践中的应用

细菌是属于原核生物,作为分子生物学和遗传学研究工具有很大的优越性。随着这两门科学的发展,对细菌的认识已深入到基因分子水平。因此,从基因分子水平来探讨细菌的生理、致病性和免疫性,以及鉴定等问题,这一门科学称为病原菌的分子遗传学。但是,目前在有关教材和教学中未能给予足够的重视。本文仅就这方面内容作简单介绍。     

教学科研相得益彰提高遗传学教学质量

遗传学是生命科学领域的一门重要的基础理论学科。遗传学的教学内容日益更新,逐渐向更深层次拓展。为适应遗传学的迅速发展和培养创新型人才的要求,将遗传学发展的科研成果适时地反映到遗传学课程的教学内容中,有利于增强知识的系统性,提高学习遗传学的趣味性,把握学科知识的整体性。对于提高教学质量,培养学生的创新精神和科研素质起到切实可行的推进作用。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan