低渗ORS在小儿急性腹泻中的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨低渗口服补液盐治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床效果.方法 将120例急性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用低渗口服补液盐治疗,对照组采用标准口服补液盐治疗,比较两组患儿急性腹泻症状的缓解情况和治疗效果.结果 观察组总有效率为90.0%,无效率为10.0%;对照组总有效率为76.67%,无效率为23.33%;两组总有效率、无效率比较差异显著(均P<0.05);观察组治疗3天内大便次数、呕吐次数显著少于对照组(P<0.05),腹泻症状缓解的时间也显著短于对照组(P<0.05).结论 低渗口服补液盐治疗小儿急性腹泻的疗效较好,安全性较高,值得临床上推广应用.     

布拉酵母菌散剂在牛奶蛋白过敏所致婴儿慢性腹泻中的应用

目的探讨布拉酵母菌散剂(亿活)在牛奶蛋白过敏所致婴儿慢性腹泻中的疗效。方法选择120例牛奶蛋白过敏所致慢性腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组给予补液、支持对症等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上口服布拉酵母菌散剂(亿活),比较分析两组患儿的临床疗效、腹泻症状消失时间。结果与对照组相比,观察组的临床疗效更显著,腹泻症状消失时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论布拉酵母菌散剂治疗牛奶蛋白过敏所致婴儿慢性腹泻疗效显著,值得推广。     

PE与DPMAS治疗肝衰竭的临床疗效对比及WBC、NLR的影响

目的:研究血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)与双重血浆分子吸附系统(double plasma molecular adsorption system,DPMAS)治疗肝衰竭的临床疗效以及对白细胞(white blood cells,WBC)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的170例肝衰竭患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,对照组64例,观察组106例。两组患者均给予内科综合治疗,对照组采取PE治疗方案,观察组采取DPMAS治疗方案,对比两组患者的疗效。分别于治疗前后检测两组患者肝功能指标、凝血功能指标、电解质水平、WBC和NLR值。观察并记录两组患者治疗期间发生的不良反应。结果:治疗后两组患者的总有效率无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)和总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)的水平均显著下降(P0.05);与对照组治疗后相比,观察组治疗后患者的血清ALT、AST无统计学差异(P0.05),而TBIL的表达水平较低(P0.05)。对照组治疗后凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)与治疗前无统计学差异(P0.05),而凝血酶原活动度(prothrombin activity,PTA)显著高于治疗前(P0.05);观察组治疗后的PT和PTA与治疗前相比均有统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后对照组Na+和K+水平与治疗前无统计学差异(P0.05),而Cl-水平显著下降(P0.05);观察组治疗后K+和Cl-水平与治疗前相比无统计学差异(P0.05),而Na+水平显著下降(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后WBC值无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者治疗后NLR均显著降低(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应总发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:PE和DPMAS对肝衰竭均具有显著的的临床疗效,均可显著改善肝功能,降低NLR,但两种治疗方案对凝血功能、电解质等部分指标的影响不一,在实际应用中应综合考虑,权衡利弊,选取应用最合适的治疗方案以达到最佳疗效。     

双歧三联活菌片与小儿止泻安颗粒对急性腹泻患儿血清IL-7、心肌酶及同工酶水平的影响

目的:探讨双歧三联活菌片联合小儿止泻安颗粒对小儿急性腹泻患儿血清IL-7、心肌酶及同工酶水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊的120例小儿急性腹泻患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例。对照组患者给予双歧三联活菌片口服治疗;实验组在对照组基础上给予小儿止泻安颗粒口服治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、白介素-7(IL-7)以及临床治疗有效率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后AST、ALT、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均显著下降,IL-7水平明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清AST、ALT、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平较低,IL-7水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的临床治疗有效率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双歧三联活菌片联合小儿止泻安颗粒能够降低小儿急性腹泻患者血清心肌酶、同工酶水平,升高IL-7水平,临床疗效较好。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效观察

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效。方法选取急性腹泻患儿76例,随机分为观察组和对照组各38例。两组患儿均予以调整饮食、口服或静脉补液和纠正水电解质酸碱失衡紊乱等常规治疗。观察组患儿予以酪酸梭菌活菌散和葡萄糖酸锌联合治疗,对照组患儿予以单纯酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗。观察两组患儿治疗后主要症状和体征改善的时间,并比较其临床疗效及治疗后3个月内腹泻的复发率。结果观察组患儿治疗后的止泻、呕吐、腹痛和粪常规等恢复正常时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时治疗3 d后,观察组患儿临床总有效率为94.74%,明显高于对照组的78.95%（χ2=4.15,P〈0.05）。两组患儿治疗后随访3个月,其中观察组和对照组分别腹泻复发5例（13.16%）和13例（34.21%）,观察组腹泻的复发率明显低于对照组（χ2=4.66,P〈0.05）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效较肯定,能明显改善患儿腹泻症状,缩短腹泻病程,并能减少腹泻的复发。     

脾氨肽联合普米克令舒对小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效及对CD4+, CD8+, IgE水平的影响

目的:分析脾氨肽联合普米克治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效及对患儿CD4~+、CD8~+、血清Ig E水平的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月~2016年10月收治的支气管哮喘急性发作患儿88例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各44例。所有患儿进行止咳化痰治疗,对照组患儿在此基础上采用雾化吸入普米克令舒混悬液,观察组患儿在对照组用药基础上加用脾氨肽口服冻干粉。比较两组患儿的临床疗效、症状消失时间、肺功能变化情况、住院时间及治疗前后CD4~+、CD8~+、CD 4~+/CD8~+及血清Ig E水平的变化。结果:观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,观察组的咳嗽、胸部哮鸣音、喘憋消失时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.01),FVC、FEV1及FEV/FVC、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均显著高于对照组(P0.01),而血清Ig E浓度明显低于对照组(P0.01)。两组不良反应发生率及CD8~+水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脾氨肽联合普米克令舒可显著提高小儿支气管哮喘的临床疗效,迅速改善患儿的临床症状及免疫功能,且安全性高。     

强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及 复发率的影响

目的探讨强化护理对小儿急性腹泻患者症状、肠道菌群及复发率的影响。方法选择十堰市妇幼保健院2015年8月至2017年8月收治的180例急性腹泻患儿为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分成观察组与对照组各90例。两组患者均进行常规对症处理。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者采用强化护理,两组患者护理周期为2周。比较两组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、止泻时间以及住院时间,以及干预前后患儿肠道菌群变化情况。每月上门随访1次,记录患者急性腹泻复发率,连续随访3个月。结果观察组患者退热时间、纠正脱水时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预前两组患者肠道乳杆菌、肠球菌、双歧杆菌、酵母样真菌数量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后两组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于干预前,肠球菌、酵母样真菌数量低于干预前,且观察组患者干预后乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量高于对照组,酵母样真菌数量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者3个月内的复发率为3.33%,对照组为6.67%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与常规护理相比,强化护理能进一步促进急性腹泻患儿肠道菌群平衡,并缩短退热时间、纠正脱水与住院时间,值得临床推广。     

孟鲁司特钠对哮喘患儿T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+和CD8~+水平的影响

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠联合抗生素对哮喘患儿T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的哮喘患儿50例,并将其随机分为两组,每组各25例。对照组予常规抗生素治疗,实验组在此基础上加用孟鲁司特钠治疗。观察和比较两组患儿的临床疗效、一年内复发率,以及CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比值的变化情况。结果:两组哮鸣音、咳嗽及喘憋持续时间均获得改善,实验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与同组治疗1天后比较,两组患儿治疗5、10天后的CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显升高;与同组治疗5天后比较,两组患儿治疗10天后CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显升高;实验组患儿治疗5天、10天后的CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值变化呈显著差异(P0.05)。实验组1年复发率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠可能通过影响哮喘患儿CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+水平,改善患儿的临床症状,缩短其住院时间,值得临床推广应用。     

高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作的临床疗效及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月到2017年6月间收治的支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿100例为研究对象。随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均给予吸氧、抗生素、维持酸碱度、电解质平衡及相应症状等对症治疗,对照组给予生理盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,观察组采用3%高渗盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,比较两组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等症状消失时间及临床疗效;比较两组治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平情况。结果:观察组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等临床症状消失时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率96.00%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显升高,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高渗盐水雾化吸入能够显著改善支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿临床症状,提高CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及Th1水平,抑制CD8~+及Th2水平,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

蒙脱石散不同给药方式治疗小儿腹泻的疗效观察

目的:分析蒙脱石散保留灌肠和口服不同给药途径对小儿腹泻的疗效影响.方法:对2008年2月～2011年5月间使用蒙脱石散治疗的腹泻患儿资料63例进行回顾性分析.结果:治疗一个疗程后,治疗组总有效率93.6％;对照组总有效率80.6％,两组总有效率之间有统计学差异(P ＜0.05).两组患儿总住院时间有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01).两组治疗后大便次数均较治疗前减少,且治疗组改善情况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:临床上治疗小儿腹泻不必拘泥于传统的口服给药途径,保留灌肠也不失为一种较好的方法.     

Randomised controlled trial comparing oral and intravenous rehydration therapy in children with diarrhoea.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effectiveness of oral rehydration in children with moderate dehydration caused by gastroenteritis, and to compare the complications of oral and intravenous treatment. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial. SETTING--Emergency department and infectious diseases ward in a large urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS--111 children aged 3-36 months who had been previously healthy, had had diarrhoea for seven days or less, had clinical signs of dehydration, and were not in shock. Six children were withdrawn because the diagnosis was incorrect (four in oral group, two in intravenous group) and one (oral group) was withdrawn at her parents'' request. INTERVENTIONS--Oral rehydration fluid was given by mouth or nasogastric tube, or both to 52 children. The remaining 52 received intravenous rehydration fluids but were allowed to drink. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Success or failure of rehydration. Number of times child vomited or passed stool after starting treatment. Time taken to rehydrate. RESULTS--Oral treatment failed in two children (failure rate 3.8%, upper 95% confidence limit 11.6%) and intravenous treatment in none. Vomiting was more common in the oral group (p less than 0.01): 26 of 50 children (52%) in the oral group and 11 of 50 (22%) in the intravenous group vomited during rehydration. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the number of stools passed during rehydration (p = 0.09). None of the children had serious complications of treatment. CONCLUSION--Rehydration by mouth or nasogastric tube is a safe and effective treatment for moderately dehydrated children with gastroenteritis.     

肠内营养在直肠癌术后急性放射性肠炎中的临床应用研究

目的:研究肠内营养在直肠癌术后急性放射性肠炎中的临床应用。方法:选择2012年7月~2013年7月在我院接受治疗的104例直肠癌手术后发生急性放射性肠炎的患者作为研究对象。依照数字法随机分成观察组(51例)和对照组(53例)。对照组予以(半)流质食物,观察组则予以能全力肠内营养支持治疗。分别在治疗前以及治疗后7d测定血生化、营养以及电解质指标。结果:经7d治疗后,观察组的前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(Alb)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及体重(BW)水平均显著高于治疗前以及对照组,C反应蛋白(CRP)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);但两组治疗后的总蛋白(TP)水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗前后的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、胆红素(BIL)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)及血糖(Glu)等血生化指标以及钾离子(K+)、钠离子(Na+)、氯离子(Cl-)、钙离子(Ca2+)等电解质指标的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:通过肠内营养治疗直肠癌手术后发生的放射性肠炎,可改善患者的营养状况,效果显著,值得推广。     

丁桂儿脐贴联合潘生丁治疗小儿腹泻的临床研究

目的探讨丁桂儿脐贴配合潘生丁治疗小儿腹泻的疗效。方法将90例小儿腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。对照组采用抗病毒及补液纠正水电解质紊,观察组在此基础上给予潘生丁口服和丁桂儿脐贴贴脐,观察比较两组疗效。结果观察组总有效率93.33%,明显高于对照组的71.11%(P0.05);而且观察组治愈时间为(2.5±0.4)天,对照组为(3.1±1.3)天,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丁桂儿脐贴联合潘生丁治疗小儿腹泻的疗效满意。     

Oral rehydration formula containing alanine and glucose for treatment of diarrhoea: a controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether adding L-alanine to the glucose based oral rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organisation would improve its efficacy in treating acute diarrhoea. DESIGN--Randomised double blind controlled trial of oral rehydration solution containing L-alanine and glucose. SETTING--Inpatient service of a hospital treating diarrhoea. PATIENTS--97 Male patients aged 6-59 years admitted to the hospital with acute and severe dehydration due to diarrhoea associated with Vibrio cholerae or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Forty nine received the standard glucose based oral rehydration solution (control group) and 48 this solution with alanine added (study group). INTERVENTIONS--All of the patients received rapid intravenous acetate solution for the initial four hours after admission, which fully corrected the signs of dehydration. They were then admitted to the study and randomised. Immediately after the intravenous treatment oral rehydration treatment was started. All of the patients received oral tetracycline for 48 hours, starting 24 hours after start of the study. If signs of dehydration reappeared during oral treatment patients were given rapid intravenous acetate solution until they were fully corrected and then continued to take the assigned oral rehydration solution. END POINT--Passage of the last watery stool. MEASUREMENTS and MAIN RESULTS--The median stool output/kg body weight during the initial 24 hours of oral rehydration treatment and until diarrhoea stopped was reduced in the study group compared with the control group from 309 ml to 196 ml and from 393 ml to 236 ml respectively. Intake of oral rehydration solution and intravenous acetate solution was reduced from 455 ml to 308 ml and from 616 ml to 425 ml respectively. Two patients in the study group compared with 18 patients in the control group required unscheduled rapid intravenous acetate solution to correct signs of dehydration during oral rehydration treatment. CONCLUSION--Oral rehydration solution containing L-alanine was considerably better than standard oral rehydration solution at reducing the severity of symptoms and the need for fluid of male patients with diarrhoea associated with V cholerae and enterotoxigenic E coli.     

Estimation of serum zinc and copper in children with acute diarrhea

Diarrhea is, in reality, as much a nutritional disease as one of fluid and electrolyte loss. Children who die from diarrhea, despite good management of dehydration, are usually malnourished and often severely so. In this study, we determined the serum levels of zinc and copper before and after standard oral rehydration solution (ORS) therapy in children with acute diarrhea and correlated it with diarrheal duration and severity. One hundred ten children suffering from acute diarrhea were included. Serum zinc and copper levels of these children were estimated at the time of enrollment and after treatment with standard ORS therapy. This study shows that children suffering from acute diarrhea show a statistically significant decrease of 13.1% and 12.8% in serum zinc and copper concentrations, respectively, compared to normal. These levels further decrease by 22.6% and 22.4%, respectively, after treatment with standard ORS therapy. Our study shows that children with the lower plasma zinc and copper levels suffered with more severe and longer duration of diarrhea. Zinc and copper supplementation could be added to standard ORS therapy for the reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea in children.     

布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗儿童迁延性腹泻的疗效观察

目的探讨布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗儿童迁延性腹泻的疗效观察。方法选取迁延性腹泻患儿84例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以指导喂养、调整饮食,预防或纠正脱水和酸中毒等基础治疗。观察组在此基础上予以布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗,对照组在此基础上予以单用蒙脱石散治疗。观察两组患儿治疗后主要临床症状及体征恢复正常的时间,并比较其治疗5d后的临床疗效。结果观察组患儿的腹泻、呕吐、退热及大便常规等恢复正常时间明显短于对照组（均P〈0．05）。治疗5d后,观察组患儿的临床总有效率（95．24％）明显高于对照组（80．95％）（X^2=4．09,P〈0．05）。结论布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗儿童迁延性腹泻的疗效确切,能明显改善患者的临床症状及体征,缩短治疗的病程。     

Impact of rice based oral rehydration solution on stool output and duration of diarrhoea: meta-analysis of 13 clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE--To define the benefit of rice oral rehydration salts solution in relation to the glucose based World Health Organisation oral rehydration salts solution for treating and preventing dehydration in patients with severe dehydrating diarrhoea. DESIGN--Meta-analysis using data from 13 available randomised trials that compared these two formulations. SUBJECTS--The studies compared 1367 patients with cholera, severe cholera-like diarrhoea, or acute non-cholera diarrhoea. 668 received the standard WHO solution and 699 the rice based solution. INTERVENTION--Each trial report was reviewed to determine patient eligibility, the number of patients who were randomised and the number of these excluded from analysis, details of the randomisation procedure, and the precise timing of the outcome measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Stool output during the first 24 hours; weighted estimates of the difference in mean stool output between treatments. RESULTS--The rice solution significantly reduced the rate of stool output during the first 24 hours by 36% (95% confidence interval 28 to 44%) in adults with cholera and by 32% (19 to 45%) in children with cholera. The rate of stool loss in infants and children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea was reduced by only 18% (6 to 30%). CONCLUSIONS--The benefit of rice oral rehydration salts solution for patients with cholera is sufficiently great to warrant its use in such patients. The benefit is considerably smaller for children with acute, noncholera diarrhoea and should be more precisely defined before its practical value can be judged.