塔里木柯坪地层区中-上奥陶统萨尔干组碳酸盐岩微相和古地理

塔里木板块西北柯坪地层区中-上奥陶统萨尔干组的分布和相变受控于当时西浅东深的海底深度差异。萨尔干组的厚度10米左右,为富含有机物的黑色页岩并夹少量灰岩薄层或透镜体。位于研究区西南的伽师西克尔剖面缺失大部分奥陶纪地层,上奥陶统铁热克阿瓦提组碎屑岩不整合于下-中奥陶统鹰山组灰岩之上,中-晚奥陶世的大部分时段属于暴露海面的剥蚀区;北部乌什的亚科瑞克剖面无萨尔干组岩性单元,为红色居多且粒度偏粗的碎屑岩夹白云岩薄层,属于近岸带碎屑岩为主的沉积区。西克尔向东北延伸150km至柯坪羊吉坎亦无萨尔干组,与萨尔干组同期沉积的地层在此表现为大湾沟组上部浅海灰岩的相变,且与上奥陶统桑比阶坎岭组偏深水相的红色薄层含泥瘤状灰岩之间呈整合接触;由西向东出露于柯坪苏巴什沟、柯坪大湾沟、阿克苏四石厂3个剖面的萨尔干组黑色泥页岩指示典型的滞流盆地相,而夹含于萨尔干组下部和上部的薄层灰岩之微相特征差异甚为显著,表现为该组下部可见数层密集砂屑颗粒形成泥粒状灰岩或颗粒灰岩,可解释为西部相邻的浅海碳酸盐岩台地区灰岩经重力流搬运后的再沉积;而该组上部含生屑泥状灰岩则属滞流盆地相区类似于黑色页岩环境的正常沉积。从羊吉坎灰岩台地到苏巴什沟滞流盆地相之间距离仅20余千米,坡度偏大是导致重力流形成的主要原因。     

川东南古蔺铁索桥剖面志留系石牛栏组上段生物-沉积相特征

川东南古蔺铁索桥剖面志留系兰多维列统沉积时的古地理位置处于滇黔桂古陆之北的陆表海环境。埃隆阶上部石牛栏组从下段薄层泥状灰岩形成之后,相变为上段的生屑-砂屑灰岩夹含少量粉砂质泥岩,展示海水深度变浅的过程。本文基于该剖面露头和灰岩薄片鉴定,专述石牛栏组上段生物-沉积类型并分析浅海环境指标。石牛栏组上段粉砂质泥岩中大化石稀少,而灰岩层中底栖型后生动物壳相化石具有中等多样性,少量出现能鉴定属级的大化石密集层,可识别3种不同水动力强度改造的腕足类介壳滩;该段上部赋存珊瑚-层孔海绵原地格架生长建造的小型点礁,标定了该时期最接近滇黔桂古陆的后生动物造礁群落生态域分布点。石牛栏组上段不同粒度的壳相生屑颗粒与泥状灰岩砂屑构成灰岩的重要组分;海底环境指标,特别是不同水动力强度作用主导了灰岩中颗粒与灰泥含量的差异。     

陕南寒武纪早期仙女洞组生物礁灰岩微相序列

扬子地台北缘在寒武纪筇竹寺期—沧浪铺期出现海退,该时期的仙女洞组属浅海碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩的混合沉积单元,分布于陕西南部及四川北部。陕南南郑福成和碑坝剖面组成完整仙女洞组序列,其中包含8期生物礁相单元。单层礁体为米级厚度,形态特征显示丘状隆起或平缓延伸。水体的清澈度、深度以及水动力强度变化对各期礁相单元生长的控制力度因时而异,陆源碎屑数次侵入导致海水浑浊度增高,点断了礁体生长。礁灰岩微相类型包括钙质微生物粘结岩、古杯-钙质微生物绑结岩、古杯漂砾-砾屑灰岩、粒泥状-泥粒状灰岩以及泥状灰岩。早期礁灰岩中钙质微生物粘结岩含量丰富,之后古杯绑结岩在礁灰岩构建中具有丰度增长的趋势,且上部礁灰岩层位中不规则古杯占主要地位。仙女洞组沉积晚期海水变浅和水动力条件增强,常见漂砾灰岩和砾屑灰岩。     

华北板块西缘甘肃平凉上奥陶统平凉组灰岩微相和沉积环境

甘肃平凉官庄剖面为上奥陶统平凉组的建组剖面,出露其完整的地层序列,主要由细砂、粉砂级颗粒的碎屑岩和灰岩构成。该地区在平凉组沉积时期的构造背景属华北板块西部,位于鄂尔多斯古陆西缘。对官庄剖面平凉组灰岩夹层开展的微相分析显示其中含有丰富的泥状灰岩砂屑,生屑种类含量偏低且破碎程度高,无浅海区特有的沉积构造,海水深度不利于底栖生态群落栖居。灰岩的沉积学机制指示鄂尔多斯古陆西南海区存在较陡的海底地貌,这些内碎屑不是原地或近原地沉积的,它们最初产生于浅海碳酸盐岩台地,经重力流、等深流长距离搬运后到达接近秦岭-祁连海槽的深水区沉积。     

新疆塔里木盆地西部白垩系库克拜组的颗石藻

我国新疆塔里木盆地西部白垩系库克拜组断续分布在南天山和昆仑山前缘,其底部以一层灰白色砂岩与下伏下白垩统克孜勒苏群呈整合接触。此组下部为棕红色、灰绿色粉砂质泥岩,泥岩,泥晶白云岩,灰色骨屑泥晶灰岩,时夹薄层石膏;中部为深灰色泥岩,钙质瓣屑白云岩,夹介壳灰岩;上部为灰色骨屑泥晶灰岩,深灰色泥岩。本组产丰富的有孔虫、介形虫、瓣鳃、腹足、海胆、菊石、孢粉和藻类等。最近,笔者在采自乌恰县境内巴什布拉克以东约4公里处公路旁库克拜组中部的灰色介壳泥岩中首次发现颗     

黔北桐梓志留系石牛栏段近岸相灰岩

黔北石牛栏组上部的石牛栏段灰岩时代为志留纪兰多维列世埃隆晚期,是上扬子区浅海底栖壳相后生动物繁盛阶段的产物。桐梓代家沟剖面处于黔中古陆以北的近岸带,石牛栏段灰岩序列呈现海退过程,微相特征表明这里频繁出现各类近岸浅海带清澈环境中常见的生屑滩沉积。石牛栏段下部出现风暴浪基面附近腕足类Zygospiraella和Pentamerus密集的介壳滩,大多数的滩相灰岩以细颗粒生屑堆积为主,夹含薄层腹足类生屑滩和鲕粒滩,仅见少量珊瑚薄层,可以排除此地为后生动物礁的栖居区;石牛栏段上部见数期叠层石生长,形态呈穹窿状或平缓席状,每期厚度不超过1m,伴生的暗色泥质夹层中产出的腕足类Lingullela-Eospirifer群落指示澙湖相;潮间带特有的薄层灰岩交错层理以及石牛栏段顶部的喀斯特面进一步昭示区域性逐渐发生的桐梓上升事件结束了近岸沉积。     

黔东北石阡志留系雷家屯组的生物-岩相分异

黔东北石阡志留系兰多维列统埃隆阶上部的雷家屯组属灰岩和碎屑岩混合相,其分布限于滇黔桂古陆以北离岸几十千米范围内的浅海区。出露于枫香铺子沟、雷家屯、白沙龙口—筷子山、白沙均田和本庄岩门的5个剖面存在生物-沉积相的差异性。铺沟村粉砂岩—泥岩含量高于灰岩,达到4∶1,壳相化石丰度最低且无生物礁滩灰岩沉积;其它4个剖面的碎屑岩—灰岩比例约1∶1,雷家屯壳相化石最丰富,上部出现米级厚度的珊瑚-层孔虫点礁;筷子山剖面的雷家屯组下部开始出现雏形礁,之上的礁核灰岩现已被剥蚀掉,但从礁基的菲利普构造和礁翼塌积岩推测,点礁的正向隆起规模是很明显的;均田剖面仅出露雷家屯组上部约7m的地层,多为粉砂岩和生屑灰岩薄层;岩门剖面多为薄层细颗粒生屑滩相灰岩,近顶部出现钙质微生物形成的叠层石。偏西剖面的雷家屯组顶部展现侵蚀面、泥裂等现象,是桐梓上升期海底暴露的证据,唯有最靠东的铺沟村雷家屯组顶部未见暴露标志,与之上马脚冲组呈整合接触。     

黔东北石阡香树园剖面志留系香树园组生屑滩微相

奥陶纪末赫南特冰期和生物大灭绝事件结束后,扬子陆表海区志留纪兰多维列世早期的海进序列伴随着生物逐渐复苏的过程。在黔中古陆北缘石阡一带鲁丹晚期至晚埃隆早期的香树园组属近岸浅水带灰岩—碎屑岩沉积区。石阡县城北香树园剖面的香树园组以灰岩为主,夹含少量粉砂质、泥质陆源碎屑岩,频繁出现含丰富壳相后生动物化石碎片形成的薄层滩相单元。与大颗粒壳相化石为主形成的各类生物层状礁类似,生屑滩多为动荡流水改造的后生动物碎片近源沉积。滩相具有较高的生物多样性和化石丰度,是奥陶纪末生物礁复苏前浅海暖水区广泛分布的生态单元。此地香树园组缺少粗砂级以上的陆源碎屑颗粒,也无岩屑颗粒,指示沉积物具有较高的成熟度。推测黔中古陆靠近石阡的部位已经夷平,黔东北浅海区在香树园组灰岩沉积期具有偏低的海水浑浊度和碎屑岩沉积速率,生屑滩相灰岩单元是在正常盐度和高清洁度的环境下堆积的,附近有粉砂-泥级颗粒注入,但无大型河流输入丰富的淡水和陆源粗碎屑。     

黔北志留系石牛栏组松坎段上部近岸——远岸的相分异

华南板块上扬子区滇黔桂古陆以北的陆表海缓坡带,因海水深度变化导致志留纪兰多维列世埃隆晚期石牛栏组的岩相—生物相差异,这种差异始于松坎段上部沉积期。本文选择2个剖面,分别代表近岸和远岸带的古地理位置,作松坎段上部灰岩岩相学和沉积环境指标分析。余庆大庄村剖面位于近岸带,可频繁出现薄层泥粒状灰岩和颗粒灰岩,属浅水高能带常见的壳相生屑滩堆积;而桐梓水坝塘剖面位于远岸带,偏深水低能环境中的瘤状灰岩和含泥灰岩透镜体多含灰泥和粉砂屑。这些证据从细节上揭示松坎段上部沉积时,靠近黔中古陆近岸带存在壳相动物大量繁衍的生态位,还伴随有钙质微生物形成的叠层石和核形石,但空间展布上可能是狭窄的,大部分陆表海区的海水深度处于最大风浪暴浪基面以下。     

黔北凤岗硐卡拉奥陶系湄潭组中灰岩:典型的暖水相

黔北凤岗硐卡拉剖面下—中奥陶统湄潭组泥岩、粉砂岩中夹含一套47.5m的连续灰岩建造,是区内迄今所测得厚度最大的"中灰岩"段。中灰岩的岩石学特征显示其成分多为分异度很高的生屑、鲕粒(豆粒)和核形石等,颗粒破碎程度偏高,丰度高时可达颗粒支撑,灰泥基质和亮晶方解石胶结均有。这些颗粒堆积形成中—高能带生屑、内碎屑浅滩,纵向上略显旋回,亦见两层较薄含瓶筐石格架的生物层。这些特征皆属浅海带暖水型沉积的标志,将该剖面的湄潭组中灰岩与之同期的大湾组和紫台组中的灰岩相比较,后者形成于偏深的相带,灰泥和泥级、粉砂级陆源碎屑含量高,也缺乏典型的暖水成因标志,故可推知扬子区陆表海的灰岩沉积相存在深度控制的海水温差分异现象。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.