四种风毛菊属植物的核型研究

本文首次报道产于我国华北地区风毛菊属（ＳａｕｓｓｕｒｅａＤＣ．）４种植物的染色体数目和核型。四个种的染色体数目均是２ｎ＝２６,都是２倍体。它们的核型是：糠风毛菊（Ｓ．Ｐａｌｅａｔａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型,华北风毛菊（Ｓ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型;狭苞凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｄｉｅｌｓｉａｎａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,属２Ｃ型;银背凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｎｉｖｅａ）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ａ型。染色体中均未发现随体。     

青海南部太白韭4居群的核型研究

研究了葱属太白韭青海４个居群的染色体数目和核型。结果如下,居群１：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）,居群２：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;居群３：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２＝２４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）,居群４：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋Ｂｓ（０－２）。并讨论了多倍体和Ｂ染色体形成与分析。     

安徽黄精属的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道黄精属ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍＭｉｌｌ我国三种特有植物的染色体数目和核型,结果如下：安徽黄精Ｐ．ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｅ发现两个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２４＝４ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝４ｍ十６ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ;　　黄精Ｐ．ｌａｎｇｙａｅｎｓｙ２ｎ＝１８＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｔ;距药黄精Ｐ．ｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉｉ有三个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２２＝８ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ｓｃ）＋６ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝２ｍ＋１４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ;（３）２ｎ＝１８＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２Ｔ,全部属３Ｂ核型。黄精属植物安徽共有１０种,本文对９种黄精的染色体数目、核型进行了比较研究,发现它们可划分成三个类群,与中国植物志（第十五卷）的形态分类基本相符。     

辽宁地区产6种乌头的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科乌头属６个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为Ｘ＝８,核型公式为：两色乌头：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ;蛇岛乌头为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１０ｍ＋２０ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ＋２Ｂ;黄花乌头为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ＋１Ｂ;北乌头三倍体为：２ｎ＝３ｘ＝２Ｍ＋４ｍ＋１８ｓｍ;北乌头４倍体为２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４ｍ＋２８ｓｍ。同时,对乌头属下     

车前属两种植物的核型研究

本文对我国两种车前属Ｐｌａｎｔａｇｏ植物的核型进行了分析。２个种的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２。它们的核型是：海滨车前Ｐ．ｃａｍｔｓｃｈａｔｉｃａＬｉｎｋ,Ｅｎｕｍ．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;毛车前Ｐ．ｊｅｈｏｈｌｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２＝６ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ。它们的核型均属“２Ａ”型。由１２条染色体组成。     

东北蒿属莳萝蒿组6种植物核型研究

报道东北蒿属莳萝蒿组６种植物的染色体数,５种为首次报道,对其中的５种进行了核型分析。核型公式分别为：大籽蒿２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１８＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（ＳＡＴ）;矮滨蒿（Ａ．ｎａｋａｉ Ｐａｍｐ）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋４ｓｍ;碱蒿（Ａ．ａｎｅｔｈｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｗｅｂ．ｅｘ Ｓｔｅｃｈｍ．）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;莳萝蒿（Ａ．ａｎｅｔｈｏｉｄｅｓ Ｍａｔｔｆ）２ｎ＝２ｘ     

吉林省产5种百合的核型研究

报道了吉林省产５种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型：①毛百合Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ ｄａｕｒｉｃｕｍ Ｋｅｒ．－Ｇｅｗ１．２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;②有斑百合Ｌ．ｃｏｎｃｏｌｏｒ Ｓａｌｉｓｂ．ｖａｒ．ｂｕｓｃｈｉａｎｕｍ（Ｌｏｄｄ．）Ｂａｋｅｒ ２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ;③兰州百合Ｌ．ｄａｖｉｄ     

湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究

本文对产于湖南的６种毛莨科植物的染色体进行了研究。裂叶星果草［Ａｓｔｅｒｏｐｙｒｕｍｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｉ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｄｒｕｍｍ．ｅｔＨｕｔｃｈ．）的染色体属于Ｒ型,核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｔ,核型类型属于ＺＢ;打破碗花花（ＡｎｅｍｏｎｅｈｕｐｅｈｎｓｉｓＬｅｍ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２ｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ａ;粗齿铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓａｐｉｉｆｏｌｉａｖａｒ．ａｒｇｅｎｔｉｌｕｃｉｄａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｗ．Ｔ．Ｗａｎｇ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（２ｓａｔ）或２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）随体染色体数目在居群之间有变化,核型类型属于２Ａ;扬子铁线莲［Ｃｌｅｍａｔｉｓｇａｎｉｐｉｎｉａｎａ（Ｌｅｖｌ．ｅｔＶａｎｔ）Ｔａｍｕｒａ］的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋２ｓｔ＋４ｔ（４ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于２Ｂ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃａｎｔｏｎｉｅｎｓｉｓＤＣ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝１６＝６ｍ＋４ｓｔ＋６ｓｔ（２ｓａｔ）,核型类型属于３Ａ;毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＴｈｕｎｂ．）的核型公式为２ｎ＝?     

东北地区野豌豆属VICIA L.物种生物学研究Ⅶ.歪头菜及其近缘种核…

本文报道了歪头菜Ｖ．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａ Ａ．Ｂｒ．及其近缘种Ｖ．ｂｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｎａｋａｉ的核型。歪头菜．ｕｎｉｊｕｇａ Ａ．Ｂｒ．２ｎ＝２４＝８ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ和２ｎ＝１２＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．Ｖ．ｂｉｆｌｏｉａ Ｎａｋａｉ;２ｎ＝１２＝４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ．核型分析表明四倍体细胞型是一个同源多倍体。     

中国东北蒿属龙蒿组植物核型研究

报道了东北蒿属龙蒿组１０个各植物的核型。核型公式分别为：龙蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｄｒａｃｕｎｃｕｌｕｓ．Ｌ．）（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３６＝２８ｍ＋８ｓｍ;猪毛蒿（Ａ．ｓｃｏｐａｒｉａ Ｗａｌｄｓｔ．ｅｔ Ｋｉｔ．（２ｎ）＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋４ｓｍ;盐蒿（Ａ．ｈａｌｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ Ｔｕｒｃｚ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｓｓ．）（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３６＝３０ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;光沙蒿（Ａ．ｏｘｙｃｅｐｈａｌａ Ｋｉｔａｇ     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

Studies on the Karyotype of 5 Samples of Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg

The karyotypes of 5 samples in Allium Sect. Bromatorrhiza Ekberg were analysed in this paper. In Allium wallichii Kunth, the first sample is a diploid, with genome formula is AA and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x=14=2m(SAT)+2m+10sm. The second is an autotetraploid, with genome formula AAAA, karyotype formul K(2n)=4x=28=2m(SAT)+6m+20sm. These two karyotypes belong to “3A”. The two karyotypes of A. wallichii Kunth are similar in morphology, though different in ploidy. In Allium hookeri Thwaites, the first sample is a dibasic autoallotriploid. Its genome formula is AAB₁; the basic number of the genome A is 7 and that of the genome B₁ is 8. The karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(1m+4sm+1st+2t). The second is also an autoallotriploid. The genomes in pairs are similar to those in the first sample in size and morphology of chromosomes. However, the unpaired genome differs from the first one apparently. Therefore, its genome formula is AAB₂, and karyotype formula is K(2n)=2x+ x'=22=(12sm+2t)+(3m+1sm+2st+2t). The third is doubling of the first karyotype. It is an autoallohexaploid, with genome formula AAAAB₁ B₁ and karyotype formula K(2n)=4x+2x'= 44= (24sm+4t) + (2m+8sm+2st+4t). These three karyotypes belong to “3A”.     

东北产苍术属植物的细胞学研究

报导了中国东北产三种苍术属植物的核型资料,核型公式分别为;北苍术「Ａｔｒａｃｔｙｌｏｄｅｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＤＣ．）Ｋｏｉｄｚ．」Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）,关苍术「Ａ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．」（２ｎ）＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）朝鲜苍术「Ａ．ｋｏｒｅａｎａ（Ｎａｋａｉ）Ｋｉｔａｍ．」Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１０ｍ＋１４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,三者核型对称性均为２Ｂ     

杨属派间核型比较研究

对杨属五派代表种的核型进行了分析,各代表种核型公式如下:欧洲山杨(白杨派)2n=2x=38=21m(2SAT)+4sm+13st(1SAT);小叶杨(青杨派)2n=2x=38=1M+26m(1SAT)+8sm(1SAT)+1st+2t(1SAT);大叶杨(大叶杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+22m+8sm+6st;胡杨(胡杨派)2n=2x=38=2M+23m+3sm+10st(2SAT);箭杆杨(黑杨派)2n=2x=38=3M+29m(2SAT)+5sm+1st。杨属派间核型差异主要表现在中部与次中部着丝点(M,m)和近端部与端部着丝点(st,t)染色体数目上。白杨派和胡杨派具较多的st、t染色体,核型不对称系数比其它派高。按Stebbins理论白杨派和胡杨派属进化类型。     

百合属4种植物的核型研究

采用常规压片法对4种百合属植物野百合(L.brow n ii F.E.B row n ex M ie llez.)、兰州百合(L.d av id iiDuchartre var.un icolor(Hoog.)Co Hon.)、川百合(L.d av id ii Duchartre)、湖北百合(L.henry i B aker)进行了核型研究.结果表明,4种百合的染色体数目均为2n=24,核型除川百合为3A外,其余3种均为3B型.核型公式分别为:野百合2n(2x)=24=4m(2SAT) 2sm(2SAT) 4st 14t,兰州百合2n(2x)=24=2m(2SAT) 2sm 10st(2SAT) 8t 2T,川百合2n(2x)=24=2m(2SAT) 2sm 12st(3SAT) 8t,湖北百合2n(2x)=24=4m 18st 2t,其中湖北百合染色体核型为首次报道.通过比较发现,兰州百合与川百合的核型最为相似,亲缘关系相近;核型不对称性为兰州百合>川百合>野百合>湖北百合,以湖北百合的核型较为原始.     

Karyotype Analysis of Eight Species of Polygonatum Mill.

Meiosis and mitosis of eight species of Polygonatum from Sichuan, China, were investigated. Ten bivalents (n=10) at meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed ih P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce. Meiotic observation on pollen mother cells in P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth shows 16 bivalents (n=16) at diakinesis, P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 13 bivalents (n=13) at diakinesis. P. zanlanscianense Pamp. 15 bivalents (n=15) in MI, P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle 28 bivalents at diakinesis. Somatic chromosomes were observed in root tip cells. The karyotype formulae are as follows: P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce K(2n)=20=4st+6sm+10m; P. cyrtonema Hua K(2n)=20=6sm+14m; P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth K(2n)=32=2t+8st+ 2sm+20m; P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. K(2n)=26=8st(2SAT)+14sm+4m; P. alternicirrhosum Hand.-Mzt. K(2n)=32=6st+8sm+18m(2SAT); P. zanlanscianense Pamp. K(2n)=30= 2t+6st+6sm+16m(2SAT); P. sibiricum Delar. ex Redouté K(2n)=24=2t+14st(2SAT)+6sm +2m; P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle K(2n)=56=18st+10sm+28m. The karyotypes of P. punctatum, P. kingianum, P. alternicirrhosum and P. cirrhifolium are reported for the first time. Both the chromosome number and structure in our materials are certainly different from thoses in previous reports. Of numerical variation polyploidy and aneuploidy have been recorded, and aneuploidy is frequent. According to degree of asymmetry of the karyotype, the 8 species are divided into three types: 2B, 3B, 2C. The increasing asymmetry is correlated with the increasing of the chromosome number. There are no obvious differences in chromosome number and karyotype between Alternifolia Baker and Verticillate Baker. They are not two natural groups. This opinion is different from that of Therman and Suomalainen.     

迷果芹（Sphallerocarpus gracilis）和红三叶（Trifolium pratense）的核型分析

对迷果芹（Sphallerocarpus gracilis(Bess.)K-Pol)和红三叶（Trifolium pratense L.)进行了染色体计数及核型分析。迷果芹的染色体数目为2n=20,核型公式为K（2n)＝2x=20=14m 4sm 2st(SAT);核型类型为2A,为较对称核型,该种植物的染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。红三叶的染色体数目有2n=14、16、28、32等类型,本研究首次报道了2n=14的核型公式为K（2n)=2x=14=2M 12m,核型类型为1B,为较原始的对称核型。     

披碱草属3个种的核型研究

首次报道了我国青藏高原３种披碱草属植物的核型,即短荒披碱草核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型无芳芒披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３０ｍ＋１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型;硕穗披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ｂ类型。     

A Cytological Study of Fifteen Species in Six Genera of Liliaceae from Yunnan

Fifteen species in six genera of the family Liliaceae were karyomorphologically studied. They share the complex chromocenter type of the resting nuclei and the interstitial type of the prophase chromosomes in somatic cells except that Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey is of the densely diffuse type and gradient type respectively. Their karyotype formulas are listed as follows: Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey, 2n= 14=8m+4sm+2st (2SAT), belongs to 2A type; Smilacina henryi (Baker) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=12m+16sm+6st+2t (2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina fusca Wall., 2n = 36= 14m (2SAT) + 12sm+ 10st(2SAT), 2B type; Smilacinata tsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n= 36=22m +2sm+ 2st(2SAT), 2C type; Smilacina atropurpurea ( Franch.) Wang et Tang, 2n=36=18m+6sm(2SAT) +12st, 2C type: Polygonatum kingianum Coll, et Hesml., 2n=30= 12m(2SAT) +6sm+ lst+2t, 2C type; Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royal, 2n=30= 10m+4sm+ 12st+4t, 3C type; Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, 2n=78=24m (2SAT)+ 14sm (6SAT)+40st, 3C type; Polygonatum cathcartii Baker, 2n = 32 = 12m + 6sm + 10st+ 2t + 2Bs, 2C type; Lilium henricii Franch., 2n = 24 = 2m(2SAT) + 2sm + 10st+ 10t, 3A type; Lilium bakerianum Coll. et Hesml. var. rubrum Stearn, 2n=24=4m ( 2SAT) +10st+ 10t (2SAT), 3A type; Nomocharis bilouensis Liang, 2n= 24= 2m (2SAT) +2sm+ 12st+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis pardanthina Franch., 2n= 24=4m (2SAT)+12st (2SAT)+ 8t, 3A type; Nomocharis sauluensis Balf. f., 2n=24=4m(2SAT) +10st (2SAT) + 10t, 3B type; Notholirion campanulatum Cotton et Stearn 2n = 24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm + 14st(2SAT ) + 6t, 3A type.