抗酶抑制因子结构、功能与代谢的研究进展

抗酶抑制因子是一种热不稳定蛋白,与鸟氨酸脱羧酶同源,但不具有鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性,经泛素依赖途径被降解.抗酶抑制因子与抗酶高度亲和,抑制抗酶功能,恢复鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性.研究发现,抗酶抑制因子还能够调节多胺转运,抑制细胞周期蛋白D1的降解,以及加速中心粒复制,从而促进细胞增殖及肿瘤发生.     

几种重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹N-乙酰-βD-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

本文研究了Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Ag+等重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)活力的影响。其结果表明:Cu2+、Pb2+和Zn2+对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用,Cu2+和Zn2+对酶的抑制作用均表现为非竞争性抑制类型,Cu2+和Zn2+对酶的抑制常数(KI)分别为1.25mmol/L和8.10mmo/L;Pb2+对酶的抑制作用表现为混合型抑制类型,其对酶的抑制常数KI与KIS分别为10.44mmol/L和2.18mmol/L。Ag+对酶的效应为先激活后抑制,其抑制作用表现为反竞争性抑制,Ag+对结合酶(ES)的抑制常数KIS为204.51mmol/L。     

天然产物中透明质酸酶抑制剂的研究

透明质酸酶抑制剂是对透明质酸酶的激活有抑制作用的物质。透明质酸酶是透明质酸的特异性裂解酶,而透明质酸在人体许多发育和调控过程中起重要作用,抑制透明质酸酶的活性可使透明质酸不被分解,维持正常的生理功能,笔者对天然产物中透明质酸酶抑制的研究开发进行了概述,并探讨了透明质酸酶抑制在医药及保健食品工业中的应用潜力。     

五种苦苣苔科植物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型对5种苦苣苔科植物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose进行比较,发现5种植物不同部位均有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。其中,牛耳岩白菜石油醚部位的抑制活性最高(IC50=26.19μg/mL,活性均远大于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27μg/mL)。不同植物比较,牛耳岩白菜的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最好,其3种不同溶剂提取物与Acarbose相比均有很高抑制活性;对牛耳岩白菜提取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制动力学研究结果表明,石油醚和乙酸乙酯提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用属于非竞争性抑制类型,Ki值分别为4.24和40.04μg/mL。正丁醇提取物则属于竞争性抑制类型(Ki=205.48μg/mL)     

几种重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

本文研究了Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+和Ag+等重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAGase）活力的影响。其结果表明：Cu2+、Pb2+和Zn2+对酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用, Cu2+和Zn2+对酶的抑制作用均表现为非竞争性抑制类型,Cu2+和Zn2+对酶的抑制常数（KI）分别为1.25 mmol/L和8.10 mmo/L;Pb2+对酶的抑制作用表现为混合型抑制类型,其对酶的抑制常数KI与KIS分别为10.44 mmol/L 和2.18 mmol/L。Ag+对酶的效应为先激活后抑制作用,其抑制作用表现为反竞争性抑制类型,Ag+对结合酶（ES）的抑制常数KI为204.51 mmol/L。     

银离子对辣根过氧化物酶的影响

实验研究Ag 对HRP的影响对检测银的污染有重要意义。以ABTS[2,2-连氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)]和H2O2为底物,在pH值5.0的条件下,用分光光度法考察了Ag 存在下的辣根过氧化物酶催化氧化反应。Ag 对辣根过氧化物酶的催化活性显示出抑制作用,并进一步分别探讨了对两种底物的抑制类型和对酶结构的影响。结果表明Ag 对底物H2O2而言,对酶的抑制效应属于反竞争性抑制类型,抑制常数Ki=14.83mmol/L;对底物ABTS而言,对酶的抑制效应属于非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki=16.139mmol/L。不同浓度Ag 分别与酶作用后,测定酶的内源荧光光谱。光谱结果表明Ag 影响酶活性的同时也影响酶的构象。     

盐胁迫对露花叶片的脱落酸含量及磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶昼夜调节特性的影响

兼性CAM植物在转为CAM型后,CAM代谢的关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（PEP）核化酶会出现昼夜调节特性的变化（Osmond1978）。关于PEP梭化酶昼夜调节特性的机理存在两种观点：1．PEPK化酶昼夜聚合度发生了变化,白天为二聚体PEPK化酶,对苹果酸抑制敏感;而夜间为四聚体,对苹果酸抑制不敏感（U和Wedding1985）。2·nsv＄化酶昼夜磷酸化状态发生变化,夜间PEPW化酶磷酸化,对苹果酸抑制不敏感;而白天PEP＄化酶脱磷酸化,对苹果酸抑制敏感（Nimmo等1986）。植物生长调节物质如ABA和细胞分裂素对兼性CAM植物PEP＆化酶的表达有诱…     

昆仑雪菊提取物对α- 葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

目的:探讨昆仑雪菊提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法:将昆仑雪菊干燥花序粉碎,分别用水提法和乙醇法制备5种提取物。采用α-葡萄糖苷酶体外活性抑制模型,测定昆仑雪菊的5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果:这5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有较强的抑制作用,抑制活性均高于阿卡波糖。其中提取物Ⅰ的抑制活性最强,IC50=28.2 mg/L。结论:昆仑雪菊提取物具有较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,提示昆仑雪菊在抗糖尿病产品开发方面具有很好的应用前景。     

农药残留检测关键用酶固定化研究进展

为保障消费者食用安全,迫切需要研发农产品和食品中的农药残留快速检测技术.酶抑制法检测是目前农药残留快速检测技术中的主要研究方向之一,而酶的固定化是用基于酶抑制法原理对农药残留检测研究中的重要步骤.通过物理或化学的方法高效地将酶固定于载体上,同时保持酶的催化活性是开发各类基于酶抑制法检测农药残留传感器的关键.本文将从固定...     

昆仑雪菊提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

目的：探讨昆仑雪菊提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法：将昆仑雪菊干燥花序粉碎,分别用水提法和乙醇法制备5种提取物。采用α-葡萄糖苷酶体外活性抑制模型,测定昆仑雪菊的5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果：这5种提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有较强的抑制作用,抑制活性均高于阿卡波糖。其中提取物Ⅰ的抑制活性最强,IC50=28.2 mg/L。结论：昆仑雪菊提取物具有较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,提示昆仑雪菊在抗糖尿病产品开发方面具有很好的应用前景。     

IMIPRAMINE-INDUCED CHANGES OF BRAIN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY

Abstract— Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities of brain microsomal and synaptosomal preparations are inhibited by imipramine [5-(3'-dimethylamino propyl)-10, 11-dihy-dro-5H-dibenz (b,f) azepine] in vitro , whereas microsomal ATPase activity is stimulated and synaptosomal ATPase activity remains unaltered under in vivo imipramine treatment. The inhibition of ATPase activity can to some extent be counteracted by spermine [N, N'-bis(3 aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine]. Determination of K_m values from double reciprocal plots (activity^-1 vs. ATP mM^-1) under drug and spermine-treated conditions appear to indicate that spermine can to some extent imparta stabilizing effect mainly on the microsomal membrane ATPase, preventing inhibition in presence of imipramine in vitro , although spermine has no effect on the already destabilized membrane ATPase. Spermine exerts a stabilizing effect on membrane ATPase possibly by increasing the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate.     

THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM ON ATPase ACTIVITY IN SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS FROM RAT BRAIN

Abstract— The effects of lithium chloride in vitro and in vivo were investigated on Na-K ATPase and Mg ATPase activities in synaptic plasma membrane, mitochondrial and synaptic vesicle fractions prepared from rat brain. In vitro , lithium chloride (10⁻³-10⁻⁸ m ) had no effect on ATPase activity in any of the fractions studied. Lithium chloride given chronically by i.p. injection (30 mg/rat/day) for 9 days had little effect on synaptic plasma membrane ATPases. Dietary administration of lithium chloride (60 mmol/kg food) produced a small but significant increase in synaptic plasma membrane Mg ATPase activity after 3 weeks administration and mitochondrial Mg ATPase activity after 1 week. There was no effect on synaptic plasma membrane Na-K ATPase activity. Salt supplementation reduced the toxic effects of lithium administration and it is suggested that toxicity may account for some of the previously reported changes in synaptic membrane ATPases produced by lithium.     

山莨菪碱对肌质网Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力和转运功能的影响

本文研究了山莨菪碱对肌质网Ca~(2 )-ATPase活力及转运功能的影响.对膜结合及分离纯化的Ca~(2 )-ATPase,体系中加入不同量的药物都对酶的活力及转运效率无明显影响.当将药物与肌质网或纯化的Ca~(2 )-ATPase预保温后,山莨菪碱则表现出在低浓度使酶激活,高浓度抑制酶的活力.但都导致SRCa~(2 )转运效率降低.对用保温,超声及去污剂透析三种不同方法重建的脂酶体,结果表明:山莨菪碱通过作用于膜脂后,在低浓度激活Ca~(2 )-ATPase、高浓度抑制酶的活力.比较药物对不同类型纯磷脂重建的脂酶体活性的影响发现:山莨菪碱对含有酸性磷脂的脂酶体Ca~(2 )-ATPase的作用较不含酸性磷脂的要大.     

DENSITY GRADIENT SEPARATION OF SARCOTUBULAR VESICLES AND OTHER PARTICULATE CONSTITUENTS OF RABBIT MUSCLE

Separation of particulate matter in rabbit muscle extracts by differential centrifugation leads, in first approximation, to the isolation of fraction I (15,000 to 41,000 g) and fraction II (41,000 to 150,000 g). The former consists mainly of sarcotubular material, actively transporting calcium ions, and displaying relaxation factor activity. The latter is heterogeneous, shows little calcium accumulation, and contains factors both inhibiting and activating myofibrillar ATPase. Fraction I is resolved by density gradient centrifugation into 2 main subfractions. The lighter one represents sarcotubular material in the best state of preservation, with biochemical activities stable for weeks in the cold. The heavier one may consist of the same material in a less well preserved form. Upon aging, it develops an activating activity toward myofibrillar ATPase, when the relaxing effect has declined. Fraction II is resolved by density gradient centrifugation into 3 or more fractions, with some variability. Relaxing activity in terms of inhibition of myofibrillar ATPase predominates among the lighter subfractions, increase of ATPase among the heavier. The intrinsic ATPase of fraction II is activated by calcium ions, but there is little or no bulk accumulation of calcium oxalate. Nevertheless, its limited calcium uptake seems to suffice to explain its relaxing activity. The particulate material contains mucopolysaccharide and lipid. Most of the lipid in fraction I is phospholipid; in fraction II this is less than half, if calculated as lecithin. The unfractionated material contains an adenylcyclase. There is no acetylcholine esterase.     

山莨菪碱对重组的大鼠脑(Na~++K~+)-ATP酶活力的影响

本文研究了山莨菪碱对经胆酸盐透析重组的鼠脑(Na~++K~+)-ATP酶活性的影响.结果表明.用大豆磷脂重组的(Na~++K~+)-ATP酶活力恢复最大;酸性磷脂PG次之;中性磷脂DPPC最低.对用DPPC和大豆磷脂重建的(Na~++K~+)-ATP酶,山莨菪碱降低酶的水解活性,而对PG重组的脂酶体,山莨菪碱则提高(Na~++K~+)-ATP酶的活力.     

百合花粉母细胞间细胞融合期间腺苷三磷酸酶活性的细胞化学定位及其与染色质胞间转移的关系

用标准的磷酸铅沉淀的细胞化学方法,对百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动期间及其前后三个时期中的腺苷三磷酸酶(ATP 酶)活性进行了超微结构的定位。结果表明:(1)在穿壁前,ATP 酶活性主要定位于质膜、胞间连丝及细胞间隙;在内质网、高尔基体、质体和某些局部的基质(groundplasm)中,也表现有 ATP 酶活性反应的产物;但在染色质和核仁中,一般都没有这种反应。(2)在穿壁时,染色质从一个细胞穿壁转移到另一个相邻细胞,同时看到染色质和核仁内出现密集的 ATP 酶活性反应产物;在内质网和高尔基体的腔内以及质体的片层上也产生明显的 ATP 酶活性反应;而在质膜、胞间连丝及细胞间隙内 ATP 酶活性明显降低,甚至看不到明显的活性反应。(3)在穿壁后,质膜及细胞间隙中又产生明显的 ATP 酶活性反应产物,但核内染色质上的 ATP 酶活性则显著降低,而核仁内则仍有较高的活性。同前二个时期一样,内质网、高尔基体和质体上的 ATP 酶仍表现明显的活性反应。最后讨论了三个不同发育时期 ATP 酶活性及其分布部位的改变与染色质胞间转移的关系。     

心钠素前体分子内调控对心肌Na^＋—K^＋—ATP酶的作用

目的：研究利钾尿肽及心钠素前体分子内调控作用对心肌Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶的作用。方法：将大鼠心肌匀浆后,分别加入利钾尿肽、心钠素以及利钾尿肽＋心钠素,用比色法测定Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性。将大鼠心脏悬挂于Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ灌流装置,分别以利钾尿肽、心钠素、利钾尿肽＋心钠素为灌流液,灌注心脏,用四道生理仪观测左心室内压、左心室收缩最大速率,左心室舒张最大速率,心率及冠脉流量。结果：心钠素虽然对Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶有抑制作用（抑制率２６．２％）,但是,与对照无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。利钾尿肽显著抑制酶的活性（抑制率４６．５％,Ｐ＜０．０１）这种抑制作用可被心钠素抵消（抑制率１７．６％,Ｐ＞０．０５）。利钾尿肽可以增加左心室收缩和舒张最大速率以及左室内压,而这种强心作用可因心钠素的加入而消失或减弱。结论：利钾尿肽可以抑制心肌Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶的活性,产生强心作用,心钠素可以抵消以上作用。     

Energy transduction in photosynthetic bacteria. VIII. Activation of the energy-transducing ATPase by inorganic phosphate.

ATPase activity and ATP-induced energization of photosynthetic membranes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata are stimulated by phosphate; the maximum stimulatory effect occurs at a concentration between 1 and 2 mM. The sensitivity of the ATPase to oligomycin increases in the presence of phosphate since all the Pi-stimulated activity is inhibited by this antibiotic. Aurovertin, which has no effect on ATPase in the absence of phosphate, inhibits completely the activity elicited by this anion. The addition of Pi induces a substantial increase in the V of ATPase activity without changing the affinity of the enzyme for ATP or ADP. Arsenate, at the same concentrations, produces effects very similar to those of phosphate. The stimulation by arsenate of the transfer of energy from ATP to the membrane suggests a non-hydrolytic role of this anion as a modifier of the ATPase activity.     

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED MEDIUM FOR THE ISOLATION OF LIVER MITOCHONDRIA

In view of the unsatisfactory appearance, under the electron microscope, of liver mitochondria isolated in isotonic sucrose medium, alternative media have been examined. It was found to be advantageous to replace sucrose by raffinose, and to add levan or, preferably, dextran, together with heparin in suitable concentration. With the optimal medium, the constituents of which are raffinose, versene (optional), dextran of high molecular weight, heparin, and AMP (optional), most of the mitochondria in the osmium-fixed pellet are apparently intact, and show the membranes characteristic of mitochondria as seen in cell sections. The optimal medium has no adverse effect on the activity of the several tissue enzymes which have been studied, except that Mg⁺⁺-activated ATPase is partially inhibited if the medium is present in high concentration in the assay system. Mitochondrial fractions isolated in the new medium have, in common with sucrose fractions, appreciable "free" ATPase activity, this activity being evidently a poor criterion of mitochondrial integrity. Use of the new medium does not decrease the proportion of cytoplasmic ATPase which fails to sediment with the mitochondria, but does give a mitochondrial fraction low in RNA and in acid phosphatase activity and little contaminated with microsomal material. Particles tentatively identified as "lysosomes" have been seen in certain sections.     

Characterization of epitopes of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase complex recognized by monoclonal antibodies

Nine monoclonal antibodies which react with the beta subunit of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase and three which react with a 25 kDa subunit of the enzyme complex (P25) have been characterized. Competitive binding studies indicated the presence of at least four antigenic regions on the beta subunit of the enzyme complex. One antigenic region of the beta subunit is recognized by two monoclonal antibodies RH 57.1 and RH 45.5 which inhibit the ATPase activity to different degrees. Antibody RH 48.6 appears to bind to a second region on the beta subunit and has no effect on the ATPase activity. A third region of the beta subunit is recognized by antibodies RH 51.4 and RH 72.1. RH 51.4 has no effect on the ATPase activity, whereas RH 72.1 stimulates ATPase activity. Antibody RH 32.4 which has no effect on the ATPase activity appears to bind to the fourth epitope of the beta subunit. All three monoclonal anti-P25 antibodies, RH 66.3, RH 41.2 and RH 37.0, apparently bind to the same antigenic region on this subunit. Two of the monoclonal anti-beta antibodies RH 48.6 and RH 51.4 were found to be very effective in immunoprecipitating the whole H+-ATPase complex in a solid phase system. However, the other monoclonal antibodies (and also a polyclonal antiserum) appear to induce the dissociation of one or more of the H+-ATPase subunits by their binding to the epitopes on the beta or the P25 subunits.