蝮蛇抗栓酶对高血压病者甲襞微循环的影响

用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高血压病５０例,用药前后对比甲襞微循环管袢轮廓,管袢口径、管袢内红细胞聚集等指标均有非常显著性差异。治疗后患者血压明显下降。     

苦碟子注射液辅助治疗对2型糖尿病伴周围神经病变患者微循环的影响

目的:探讨苦碟子注射液辅助治疗对2型糖尿病伴周围神经病变患者微循环影响及安全性。方法:收集我院80例2型糖尿病伴周围神经病变患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予甲钴胺治疗,实验组患者给予苦碟子注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后微循环水平、周围神经评分、不良反应发生率及治疗效果。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者管袢形态、管袢流态、袢周状态以及周围神经评分水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗管袢形态、管袢流态、袢周状态以及周围神经评分水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组并发症的发生率低于对照组,而临床治疗有效率高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:苦碟子注射液辅助治疗能够改善患者的微循环以及周围神经情况,临床疗效较好,安全性高。     

头孢硫脒联合阿维A胶囊对老年银屑病患者血液流变学及甲襞微循环的影响

目的:探讨头孢硫脒联合阿维A胶囊对老年银屑病患者血液流变学及甲襞微循环的影响。方法:选取在我院确诊为银屑病的患者158例,随机分为研究组和对照组。对照组采用口服阿维A胶囊治疗,研究组在此基础上加用静脉滴注头孢硫脒,观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血液流变性变化及甲襞微循环情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者的血液流变学指标如ηb、ηp、EAI、Tk值、Hct、血沉方程K值以及ESR水平均显著降低(P0.05);微血管形态学指标如管袢清晰,畸形管袢减少,袢顶狭窄较少,输入枝血管直径增宽,输出枝血管直径变窄,管袢延长(P0.05);血液流态指标如血流速度加快,粒流以及粒缓流状态减少,微小血栓量减少,管袢周围视野较清晰(P0.05);加权积分降低(P0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组治疗后血液流变学指标、微血管形态学指标、血管流态指标、加权积分均显著改善(P0.05)。结论:头孢硫脒联合阿维A胶囊较单用阿维A胶囊可更明显改善老年银屑病患者的血液流变性变化及甲襞微循环。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高粘滞血症23例甲襞微循环的观察（摘要）

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗高粘滞血症２３例甲襞微循环的观察（摘要）南京市钟山医院张思效本文对２３例高粘滞血症患者在用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗前后以甲襞微循环进行对比观察,证明治疗后甲襞微循环状态有显著改善。从加权积分值变化可以看出;管袢形态Ｐ＜０．００５,管袢流态Ｐ＜０．...     

肾小球旁器组织结构及其生理作用

肾单位包括肾小体和肾小管两部分,肾小体的功能为超滤过作用,肾小管主要是再吸收作用。肾小管又分为近曲小管、髓袢及远曲小管几部分。由若干肾单位的远曲小管汇合成为集合管,再开口于锥体乳头处。集合管不属于肾单位,它和肾单位的胚胎发育来源不同。肾小体、近曲小管、远曲小管以及集合管的一部分位于肾皮质内、髓袢、直集合管和直血管位于髓质锥体之内,因此在断面上可见皮质呈现颗粒状,髓质为纹状。肾小球旁器也称球旁复合体或近血管球复合体,由入球小动脉的球旁细胞、远曲小管的致密斑和球外系膜细胞组成。三者在肾小体血管极处排列成三角形,入球小动脉和     

金雕肾脏的组织学观察

利用生物显微技术观察了金雕Aquila chrysaetos肾脏的组织结构.结果表明,金雕肾实质由许多肾小叶构成,每个肾小叶可分为皮质和髓质两部分.肾单位由一个肾小体和一条与其相连的肾小管构成.肾小体由肾小囊和肾小球组成.肾小管分为近曲小管、髓袢、远曲小管和连接小管.集合管分为小叶周集合小管和髓质集合管两部分.具有发达的极周细胞.     

长期有氧运动对中老年人甲襞微循环的影响

目的：观察中老年人甲襞微循环的变化,探讨长期有氧运动对中老年人甲襞微循环的影响。方法：根据试验要求招募21名受试者,男女比例2：1,年龄53.23 ±8.12岁,对其进行两个阶段的有氧运动干预。第一阶段：以50%最大摄氧量运动8周。具体运动方式为慢跑（跑步机或室外）,每周运动4次,每次运动1 h。第二阶段：以65%~70%最大摄氧量运动6周,运动方式同第一阶段。分别在运动开始前、第一阶段运动结束后和第二阶段运动结束后使用XTL-1型微循环显微镜对受试者左手无名指的甲襞微循环进行测试。结果：①第一阶段结束后受试者管袢形态积分值和总积分值与试验前相比显著性下降（P < 0.05）,第二阶段结束后管袢形态积分（P < 0.01）、血流形态积分（P < 0.05）、袢周形态积分（P < 0.05）及总积分值（P < 0.05）与试验前相比都明显降低。（2）部分子指标：第一阶段结束后乳头积分值与试验前相比明显下降（P < 0.05）;第二阶段结束后流速积分值（P < 0.05）、管袢畸形积分值（P < 0.05）、清晰度积分值（P < 0.05）、乳头积分值（P < 0.01）与试验前相比显著下降。结论：长期的有氧运动可使中老年人甲襞微循环的形态结构和生理功能得到一定程度的改善。在一定强度的范围内,运动强度越大中老年人微循环系统改善的程度越高,建议中老年人在进行体育锻炼时运动强度应不低于50%最大摄氧量。     

胃大部切除术后远期输入袢过长引起内疝(附两例报告)

胃大部切除术后,重建消化道的连续,主要有:胃十二指肠吻合(Billroth Ⅰ式)、胃空肠吻合(Billroth Ⅱ式)、及输入袢空肠与输出袢空肠远端行端侧吻合的Roux-en-Y吻合三种。以Billroth氏Ⅱ术后并发症较多,其中又以输入袢、输出袢梗阻引起内两者最为严重,本文报告由于输入袢过长,在术后远期发生绞窄性内疝分别于1978、1979年在我院处理的两例: 例1:男,47岁,因持续性全腹疼痛伴阵发性加剧两天后入院,入院前一天早餐后劳动中突然上腹持续性疼痛,阵发性加剧,呕吐食物两次,无腹泻,注射阿托品后曾缓解,但入院当天又全腹疼痛。5年前曾因胃     

Endobutton带袢钢板治疗陈旧性III 型肩锁关节脱位疗效分析

目的：探讨陈旧性III型肩锁关节脱位患者应用Endobutton 带袢钢板治疗的临床效果。方法：选取陈旧性III型肩锁关节脱位 患者17 例,在本研究中的治疗方法为双Endobutton 带袢钢板固定疗法,通过此种方法对17 例患者进行治疗,并观察临床疗效。 结果：通过对以上患者治疗后的6-12 个月的随访中,患者术后Constant 评分平均为（91.02± 5.20）分,X线显示肩关节部位无脱位 (P<0.05)。结论：在治疗陈旧型Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位方面,Endobutton 钢板对患处进行固定的技术疗效显著,但长期疗效需要扩大样 本量进一步研究。     

子午沙鼠子鼠肾中水通道蛋白1、2的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法和体视学半定量方法检测了水通道蛋白1、2(aquaporin 1,2)在子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)子鼠肾中的表达,利用IPP专业图像分析软件对其表达强度进行了定量分析。结果显示,1、7、14、21、32日龄子午沙鼠仔鼠肾均有水通道蛋白1、2的阳性表达,AQP1表达部位为肾近曲小管上皮细胞的顶质膜和基底膜、髓袢细段;AQP2的表达位于集合管主细胞的游离面细胞膜;7日龄子午沙鼠仔鼠肾AQP1阳性表达的面密度增加显著(P0.05),光密度增加极显著(P0.01),7日龄子午沙鼠仔鼠肾AQP2阳性表达的面密度和光密度增加极显著(P0.01),7日龄后无差异(P0.05)。结果表明,7日龄后子午沙鼠子鼠肾AQP1、2的表达水平增强,近曲小管与髓袢细段、集合管对水的重吸收增强,以浓缩尿液,AQP1、2对子鼠尿的浓缩起重要作用,从而调节肾水的平衡。     

Localization and proliferation of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane in normal state and regeneration

We clarified the localization of lymphatic vessels in the tympanic membrane and proliferation of lymphatic vessels during regeneration after perforation of the tympanic membrane by using whole-mount imaging of the tympanic membrane of Prox1 GFP mice. In the pars tensa, lymphatic vessel loops surrounded the malleus handle and annulus tympanicus. Apart from these locations, lymphatic vessel loops were not observed in the pars tensa in the normal tympanic membrane. Lymphatic vessel loops surrounding the malleus handle were connected to the lymphatic vessel loops in the pars flaccida and around the tensor tympani muscle. Many lymphatic vessel loops were detected in the pars flaccida. After perforation of the tympanic membrane, abundant lymphatic regeneration was observed in the pars tensa, and these regenerated lymphatic vessels extended from the lymphatic vessels surrounding the malleus at day 7. These results suggest that site-specific lymphatic vessels play an important role in the tympanic membrane.     

Vascular remnants of pupillary membrane in the albino rat eye.

As remnants of pupillary membrane, some albino rat eyes revealed vascular loops starting from arteriovenous bridges near the pupillary margin and crossing the pupil. These vascular loops bend in miosis and straighten in mydriasis, which prevents them from being broken during pupillary movement. The vessel wall reveals endothelial cells and pericytes. The lumen contains red blood cells, which means that they are functional vessels. They may function as vascular shunts between opposite sides of the albino rat iris.     

Haemodynamics-driven developmental pruning of brain vasculature in zebrafish

The brain blood vasculature consists of a highly ramified vessel network that is tailored to meet its physiological functions. How the brain vasculature is formed has long been fascinating biologists. Here we report that the developing vasculature in the zebrafish midbrain undergoes not only angiogenesis but also extensive vessel pruning, which is driven by changes in blood flow. This pruning process shapes the initial exuberant interconnected meshwork into a simplified architecture. Using in vivo long-term serial confocal imaging of the same zebrafish larvae during 1.5-7.5 d post-fertilization, we found that the early formed midbrain vasculature consisted of many vessel loops and higher order segments. Vessel pruning occurred preferentially at loop-forming segments via a process mainly involving lateral migration of endothelial cells (ECs) from pruned to unpruned segments rather than EC apoptosis, leading to gradual reduction in the vasculature complexity with development. Compared to unpruned ones, pruned segments exhibited a low and variable blood flow, which further decreased irreversibly prior to the onset of pruning. Local blockade of blood flow with micro-bead obstruction led to vessel pruning, whereas increasing blood flow by noradrenergic elevation of heartbeat impeded the pruning process. Furthermore, the occurrence of vessel pruning could be largely predicted by haemodynamics-based numerical simulation of vasculature refinement. Thus, changes of blood flow drive vessel pruning via lateral migration of ECs, leading to the simplification of the vasculature and possibly efficient routing of blood flow in the developing brain.     

Acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha-naphthol acetate esterase activities of monocytes in patients with cancer of the digestive tract during surgical treatment

In 22 patients with cancer of the alimentary tract the activities of acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha-naphthol acetate esterase in monocytes were tested. The enzyme activity was tested in the peripheral blood before surgical intervention, in blood from vessels draining the tumour before its excision and in the peripheral blood before surgical intervention, in blood from vessels draining the tumour before its excision and in the peripheral blood 2--3 weeks after tumour excision. In parallel tests the enzyme activity was estimated in the peripheral blood of 22 healthy individuals. The study indicates that the non-specific alpha-naphthol acetate esterase activity of monocytes derived from patients with cancer and control group did not show a marked difference. The acid phosphatase activity in monocytes derived from a tumour efferent vessel was found to be higher in majority of the cases than the activity of this enzyme in monocytes derived from the peripheral blood. After removing the tumour the acid phosphatase activity of monocytes was elevated in half of the cases. It seems possible that the increase of acid phosphatase activity in monocytes derived from cancer patients may be due to the activation of monocytes in contact with cancer antigens or antigen-antibody complexes.     

Ultrastructure of the metanephridial system in Aeolosoma bengalense (Annelida)

Summary The excretory system of Aeolosoma bengalense has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The system consists of seven serially arranged paris of metanephridia and six pairs of podocytes (referring to the first zoid of an animal chain). The podocytes surround blood spaces of the alimentary canal forming dorsoventrally running loops that emerge on both sides of it. The two elements of the system have a correlative position, each podocyte extending in close proximity to the funnel of a metanephridium. Only in the region of the first metanephridia are podocytes lacking. The nephrostome of the metanephridia consists of two cells, an inner one, the terminal duct cell, and an outer one enwrapping it, called the mantle cell. Nephrostomal cilia that extend into the coelomic space arise exclusively from the rim of the mantle cell whereas those of the terminal duct cell arranged on its luminal surface protrude into the canal forming a flame. The nephridial canal is ciliated throughout and is either intra- or extracellular. Its initial loops aggregate to form a compact organ, the nephridial body. The middle part of the duct constitutes a loop that ascends at each side of the alimentary canal where it is in intimate contact with its blood spaces. Ultrastructural features of the duct cells suggest a reabsorptive function in two regions, the nephridial body and the uppermost part of the loop. The terminal part of the duct passes through the nephridial body and opens ventrolaterally. Generally, the transverse vascular loops at the gut consist of one podocyte each. In the oesophageal region, where only one pair of podocytes is present, the loops connect the dorsal with the ventral longitudinal vessel. Three pairs of podocytes are present in the dilated region of the intestine emerging from its lateral wall and joining the median ventral vessel or blood spaces near by. In the hind gut, where two pairs of podocytes occur, the loops arise from the dorsolateral part and enter directly the ventral vessel. Cytological features of podocytes resemble those of other animals. The results are discussed on the basis of current theories on the function and the phylogenetic significance of excretory systems in the Annelida.Abbreviations bl basal lamina - bs blood space - bv blood vessel - cf ciliary flame - ci cilia - co connection of the vascular loop with the intestinal blood space - cu cuticle - db dense body - dc duct cell - di dictyosome - za zonula adhearens - dv dorsal vessel - ecb epicuticular body - ev endocytotic vesicle - ic intestinal cell - ici inner cilia - iv intestinal vessel - lm longitudinal muscle - mc mantle cell - mg midgut - mi mitochondrion - mv microvilli - nu nucleus - oci outer cilia - oe oesophagus - pc podocyte - pe pedicel - pel primary elongation of the podocyte - sm slit membrane - tc terminal duct cell - ve vesicle with heterogeneous contents - vv ventral vessel     

Angioarchitechtonics of the intervertebral disks in human fetuses and newborns]

The ingrowth of the blood vessel branches into the area of the intervertebral disk takes place at the end of the second month of the intrauterine life. The primary vascular elements have a shape of stretched vascular loops, which grow into the fibrous ring of the disk from the front, from behind and from the sides. Within the fibrous tissue the blood vessels are disposed in the slit-shaped spaces between the layers of the fibrous ring. Here the vascular network is formed by anastomosing. These networks have the smaller meshes the closer to the central zones of the intervertebral disk. No blood vessel branches have been found in the jelly-like nucleus. Intraorganic vessels of the intervertebral disk do not penetrate the vertebrum body. The connection between the disk vessels and the vessels of the vertebrum body takes place in the field of the perichondrium.     

Characterization of human placental blood vessel phospholipase A2, demonstration of substrate selectivity for arachidonyl-phosphatidylcholine

The hydrolysis of acyl esters in phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) for human placental blood vessel was investigated. The enzyme displayed an alkaline pH optimum and an absolute requirement of Ca2+ for activity. In contrast to rat tissues, the human placental blood vessel PLA2 showed a selective preference for arachidonate over linoleate acyl group at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine.     

Ultrastructural regularities of new growth of secondary micro blood vessels in the prenatal period of human morphogenesis

By means of transmissive electron microscopy structural aspects of new formation of secondary blood microvessels in functionally different organs have been studied during fetal period of the human development. Growth buds appear on the basal surface of the endothelial lining of the blood microvessels predominantly in those areas of the vascular wall, where pericytes and adventitial cells are absent. The first stage in formation of the growth bud is separating of small compartments in the lumen of the maternal vessel. Then, connected by means of specialized contacts, endothelial cells of such a compartment move one by one towards periphery of the vessel and form the growth bud, protruding outside. In the area of the growth bud local destruction of the basal membrane is observed. Newly formed microvessels, anastomising, form vascular loops. Further processes in differentiation of separate segments of the newly formed capillary network into links of the hemomicrocirculatory bed are analogous to those, observed in the course of differentiation of the primary protocapillary network into the secondary intraorganic blood bed.     

Kinetics of fluid flux in the rat diaphragmatic submesothelial lymphatic lacunae

The specific role of loops and/or linear segments in pleural diaphragmatic submesothelial lymphatics was investigated in seven anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated rats. Lymphatic loops lay peripherally above the diaphragmatic muscular plane, whereas linear vessels run over both the muscular and central tendineous regions. Lymph vessel diameter, measured by automatic software analysis, was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in linear vessels [103.4 +/- 8.5 microm (mean +/- SE), n = 18] than in loops (54.6 +/- 3.3 microm, n = 21). Conversely, the geometric mean of intraluminal flow velocity, obtained from the speed of distribution of a bolus of fluorescent dextrans injected into the vessel, was lower (P < 0.01) in linear vessels (26.3 +/- 1.4 microm/s) compared with loops (51.3 +/- 3.2 microm/s). Lymph flow, calculated as the product of flow velocity by vessel cross-sectional area, was similar in linear vessels and in individual vessels of a loop, averaging 8.6 +/- 1.6 nl/min. Flow was always directed from the diaphragm periphery toward the medial tendineous region in linear vessels, whereas it was more complex and evidently controlled by intraluminal unidirectional valves in loops. The results suggest that loops might be the preferential site of lymph formation, whereas linear vessels would be mainly involved in the progression of newly formed lymph toward deeper collecting diaphragmatic ducts. Within the same hierarchic order of diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels, the spatial organization and geometrical arrangement of the submesothelial lacunae seem to be finalized at exploiting the alternate contraction/relaxation phases of diaphragmatic muscle fibers to optimize fluid removal from serosal cavities.     

Role of eNOS in neovascularization: NO for endothelial progenitor cells

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule with an astonishingly wide range of physiological and pathophysiological activities, including the regulation of vessel tone and angiogenesis in wound healing, inflammation, ischaemic cardiovascular diseases and malignant diseases. Recent data have revealed the predominant role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an endothelial-cell-specific isoform of NO producing enzyme, in both angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels derived from existing vessels) and vasculogenesis (blood vessel formation de novo from progenitor cells). In addition, successes in gene therapy, together with the recent development of an eNOS-specific inhibitor, suggest that the modulation of eNOS might be a potent new strategy for the control of pathological neovascularization.