Ypsilorchis and Ypsilorchidinae,a new genus and a new subtribe of Orchidaceae

A new orchid genus, Ypsilorchis Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen, is established based on Ypsilor-chis fissipetala (Finet) Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen (basionym: Liparis fissipetala Finet). The new genus differs from Liparis and its allies by having two granular-waxy pollinia each with a somewhat elastic caudicle, deeply bilobed petals and strongly crisped-margined leaves with an apical awn to 1 mm long. These features are an indication of its distant relation to the members of the subtribe Liparidinae, and thus a new subtribe, Ypsilor-chidinae Z. J. Liu, S. C. Chen & L. J. Chen, is proposed.     

兰科一新属和新亚族——丫瓣兰属和丫瓣兰亚族

基于丫瓣兰Ypsilorchis fissipetala (Finet)Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chen(基名为裂瓣羊耳蒜Liparis fissipetala Finet)建立了兰科新属--丫瓣兰属Ypsilorchis Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen&.J.Chen.新属与羊耳蒜属Liparis的区别点为:新属有两个粉蜡质花粉团:每个花粉团具1个多少有弹性的花粉团柄;花瓣二深裂;叶具强烈波状的边缘,其先端有一个长达1 mm的芒尖.这些特征表明了其与羊耳蒜亚族Liparidinae有明显的差别,为此,建立了一个新的亚族--丫瓣兰亚族Ypsilorchidinae Z.J.Liu,S.C.Chen &L.J.Chert.     

兰属腋花组若干种类的研究

对新种丽花兰Cymbidium concinnum Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen和新变种龙州兰C. eburneum var. longzhouense Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen进行了描述和绘图; 丽花兰与大雪兰C. mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.有亲缘关系, 区别点在于新种叶片先端不分裂, 花序具18-22朵花, 唇瓣中裂片上有一个V型的紫红色斑块; 龙州兰(变种)与独占春(原变种)的主要区别在于唇瓣中裂片上和侧裂片顶部有较密的紫红色斑。对象牙白C. maguanense的分类问题进行了讨论, 并为其指定了新模式; 还为腋花组sect. Eburnea国产种类提供一个检索表。     

深圳香荚兰,首次发现于华南深圳的兰科新种

对兰科新种深圳香荚兰Vanilla shenzhenicaZ．J．Liu＆S．C．Chen作了描述与绘图。此新种为深圳发现的第一个兰科新种,与台湾香荚兰V。somai Hayata有亲缘关系。但是,本新种花序具4花,花较大,不完全开放;唇瓣不裂,紫红色,基部与蕊柱合生长度达3/4,刷状附属物位于唇盘的上部,甚易区别于台湾香荚兰。     

Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu,a new species of Hemiboea (Gesneriaceae) from Guangxi,China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, is described from Guangxi, China. The new species is similar to H. cavaleriei Lévl. in its leaf form, but differs by its robust and rigid stem, red involucre, longer calyx lobes, corolla white and glabrous outside, lower lip of corolla 3-lobed to middle. Key words Hemiboea, Hemiboea rubribracteata Z. Y. Li & Yan Liu, Gesneriaceae, new species, Guangxi, China.     

中国兰科石豆兰属（Bulbophyllum）二新种

对兰科（Orchidaceae）石豆兰属（Bulbophyllum）二新种,副萼石豆兰（B.malipoense Z.J.Liu,L.J.Chen＆W.H.Rao）和小副萼石豆兰（B.minor Z.J.Liu,L.J.Chen＆W.H.Rao）作了描述和绘图。该二新种属于石豆兰属副萼组（Bulbophyllumsection BisetaJ.J.Verm.ex N.Pearce,P.J.Cribb＆J.Renz）,与该组的刺萼石豆兰（B.bisetum Lindl.）相似,区别在于两新种的叶片先端二裂和唇瓣无毛。小副萼石豆兰与副萼石豆兰的区别在于假鳞茎椭圆球形;叶片卵状椭圆形,长1.2～2 cm;侧副萼片较短,长约1 mm;中副萼片几乎与两侧萼片边缘合生。     

中国蝴蝶兰属(兰科)一新记录(英文)

报道了中国兰科植物一新记录—囊唇蝴蝶兰,并提供描述及照片。本种与麻栗坡蝴蝶兰非常相似,但它的花瓣较短而宽,花序轴呈"Z"型曲折,唇盘中央的胼胝体较小,可以与后者相区别。     

开口箭属一新种及其核型和花粉形态

文章报道了新种屏边开口箭T．pingbianensis J．L．Huang et X．Z．Liu及其核型和花粉形态。屏边开口箭的核型公式为2n=38=14m+lOsm+8st+6t,具明显的二型性,属3C型。花粉粒为球形,无萌发孔沟,外壁具皱块状纹饰。从花结构、核型和花粉形态上看,屏边开口箭和伞柱开口箭T．fungilliformis Wang et Liang亲缘关系近,而且伞柱开口箭比屏边开口箭在一系列特征上都较特化。     

A New species of the Genus Tupistra (Convallariaceae), with Reference to Its Karyotype and Pollen Morphology

A species of the genus Tupistra,T．pingbianensis J．L．Huang et X．Z．Liu,is described as new,and its karyotype and pollen morphology are reported． The bimodal karyotype of this species is formulated as 2n＝38＝14m+10sm+8st+6t,and pollen grains are spheroidal,inaperturate,with rugulate exine sculpture．Based on its floral structure,karyotype and pollen morphology,T．pingbianensis J．L．Huang et X．Z．Liu is considered phylogenetically closely related to T．fungilliformis Wang et Liang．Whether the repense rhizome,solitary leaves of T．pingbianensis J．L．Huang et X．Z．Liu indicate a close relationship between the genus Tupistra and the genus Aspidistra needs further studies．     

中国兰科植物一新种——云南巾唇兰

对中国兰科植物新种云南巾唇兰Pennilabium yunnanense S.C.Chen&Y.B.Luo作了 描述和绘图。该新种与P.acuminatum（Ridley）Holttum较为接近,区别点在于具较小的花朵 ,直径仅3cm;花瓣白色且上面有深紫色斑点,以及唇瓣侧裂片顶端有流苏。     

中国兰科杓兰属一新种及一新变种

对云南东南部兰科新种麻栗坡杓兰(Cypripodium,malipoense)和新变种大围山杓兰(Cypripedium lichiangense var.datveishanense)作了描述。麻栗坡杓兰与文山杓兰(C.lentiginosum)相近,区别点在于新种叶淡黄色而有紫斑,色泽与花瓣及唇瓣极为相似;花瓣明显较短,仅稍长于唇瓣。新变种大围山杓兰与原变种的不同在于中萼片黄绿色,疏生紫红色斑点;花瓣仅稍长于唇瓣;唇瓣囊口有一黑色圈。     

Additional notes on the subgenus Brachypetalum (s. l.) of Paphiopedilum

Two new orchid taxa, Paphiopedilum globulosum Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen and Paphiopedilum micranthum Tang et Wang var. oblatum Z. J. Liu et J. Y. Zhang, are described and illustrated based on cultivated plants originating in southeastern Yunnan. Both of them are related to Paphiopdilum micranthum Tang et Wang, from which the former differs by having much broader leaves 2.8 ~ 3.4 cm wide, a somewhat hooked-tipped lip 1.1 ~ 1.2 cm wide, and a staminode al-most as big as the mouth of the lip, and the latter by broader leaves 2.2 ~ 3 cm wide and an oblate lip at a depth of no more than 1 cm. They all belong to the subgenus Brachypetalum (s. l. ). A key to 16 Chinese and Vietnamese species of this subgenus is provided.     

麻栗坡蝴蝶兰--中国兰科一新种

Phalaenopsisisagenusofsome 4 0speciesmainlydistributedinthePhilippinesandIndonesia ,withsomerepresenta tivesextendingtomainlandAsiaandAustralia .SixofthemarefoundinChina .InthepresentpapertheseventhChinesespecies,P malipoensisZ .J .LiuetS .C .Chen ,isdesc…     

中国兰科石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)二新种(英文)

对兰科(Orchidaceae)石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)二新种,副萼石豆兰(B.malipoense Z.J.Liu,L.J.ChenW.H.Rao)和小副萼石豆兰(B.minor Z.J.Liu,L.J.ChenW.H.Rao)作了描述和绘图。该二新种属于石豆兰属副萼组(Bulbophyllumsection BisetaJ.J.Verm.ex N.Pearce,P.J.CribbJ.Renz),与该组的刺萼石豆兰(B.bisetum Lindl.)相似,区别在于两新种的叶片先端二裂和唇瓣无毛。小副萼石豆兰与副萼石豆兰的区别在于假鳞茎椭圆球形;叶片卵状椭圆形,长1.2～2 cm;侧副萼片较短,长约1 mm;中副萼片几乎与两侧萼片边缘合生。     

Chenorchis, a new orchid genus, and its eco-strategy of ant pollination

Chenorchis, a new orchid genus belonging to C. singchii with tropical orchid features, was found in subtropical regions of Gaoligong Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. This taxon undoubtedly belongs to Trib. Vandeae due to its comparatively advanced epiphytic and monopodial characteristics with very hard pollinia and long stipe. It is akin to Ascocentrum and Holcoglossum, from which it differs by its lip lacking appendage, side-lobes arising from both sides of the mid-lobe rather than the entrance to the spur; large stigmatic cave; very large rostellum, conspicuously broader than the column, spreading downward; pollinia each with a distinct caudicle attached to the incurved subterminal portion of a common stipe. Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may be of tropical region originally and evolve into a new genus due to changed environment, indicating that the main motivation of angiosperm differentiation is to bring forth more ecological opportunities. A further examination of reproductive ecology, especially pollination mechanism and breeding system, proved that this species has formed many mechanisms to promote selfing and inbreeding, such as symbiosis with ants (Temnothorax sp.), utilization of ants for short-distant pollination, opening of flowers simultaneously to increase the frequency of geitonogamy, efficient dispersal and growth of seeds, and crowded communities to improve the possibility of inbreeding. All the adaptive changes above turn into necessary conditions for their survival in subtropical regions. The reproductive strategy of this unique life history shows that this immigrant species autonomously passes the genes on to future generations to remain their adaptability, by quickly occupying the habitat. It is a successful strategy in habitat expansion that inflorescence produces a lot of flowers to facilitate geitonogamy, whose significance may extend to provide evidence that the occurrence of plants' sex results from the trade-offs of the fluctuation of habitat in evolution.     

心启兰属(Chenorchis)——兰科一新属及其蚂蚁传粉的生态策略

在云南的高黎贡山的亚热带区域发现了具热带兰科种类特征的兰科新属心启兰属(Chenorchis)(属模式种心启兰C. singchii).该属种具有附生、单轴生长,花粉团坚硬,粘盘柄存在等兰科较为进化的特征无疑是热带万代兰族(Trib. Vandeae)的成员,与鸟舌兰属(Ascocentrum)和槽舌兰属(Holcoglossum)有亲缘关系.区别点在于新属的唇瓣不具附属物;侧裂片生于中裂片两侧而非距口两侧;柱头腔大;蕊喙甚大,明显宽于蕊柱,向下伸展;花粉团具明显的柄,附着于一个共同的粘盘柄近顶端内弯处.系统学分析结果显示其祖先可能来自热带,因环境改变演化为新属种,体现了被子植物分化的主要动力可能是开拓了更多的生态学机遇;进一步的繁殖生态学特别是传粉机制和繁育系统的检测表明,该物种发展出多个促进自交或近交的机制,如选择有切胸蚁(Temnothorax sp.)栖息的生境,利用蚂蚁近距离传粉;花朵同时开放增加同株异花授粉发生机率;种子有效的就近散播和生长,产生局域拥挤效应以增加近亲繁殖的可能,这些适应性改变成为它们在亚热带生存下来的必要条件,特殊的生活史(繁殖)策略展示了它作为迁移种通过迅速增长抢占生境,自动地将遗传基因传递给后代以保持对当地的适应性,花序进化出大量花并同时开放便于同株异花传粉是成功开拓生境的一种对策,其意义的延伸可能为植物的性的产生是进化上应对生境波动的权衡提供一个证据.     

杓兰属(兰科)中一个国产种类的新等级

丽江杓兰大围山变种(Cypripedium lichiangense vat．daweishanense)被提升为种的等级：大围山杓兰(Cypripedium daweishanense)。此种的特征是：中萼片浅黄绿色,上面疏被栗色斑点;花瓣较短,近等长于或略长于唇瓣。而丽江杓兰(Cypripedium lichiangense)的中萼片为紫肝色;花瓣要长得多,大约为唇瓣长的2倍。它们均属于三棱组(Cypripedium sect．Trigonopedium)。该组共含11种,均为中国特有种。文中提供了一个该组的分种检索表。     

杓兰属(兰科)中一个国产种类的新等级(英文)

丽江杓兰大围山变种(Cypripedium lichiangensem var.daweishanense)被提升为种的等级:大围山杓兰(Cypripedium daweishanense)。此种的特征是:中萼片浅黄绿色,上面疏被栗色斑点;花瓣较短,近等长于或略长于唇瓣。而丽江杓兰(Cypripedium lichiangense)的中萼片为紫肝色;花瓣要长得多,大约为唇瓣长的2倍。它们均属于三组(Cypripediumsect.Trigonopedium)。该组共含11种,均为中国特有种。文中提供了一个该组的分种检索表。     

Impatiens macrovexilla var. yaoshanensis S. X. Yu,Y. L. Chen & H. N. Qin,a new variety of Balsaminaceae from Guangxi,China

Impatiens macrovexilla Y. L. Chen var. yaoshanensis S. X. Yu, Y. L. Chen & H. N. Qin, a new variety of Balsaminaceae from Guangxi, China, is described. Variety yaoshanensis differs from the typical variety by having ovate-orbicular or ovate-oblong leaves, entire lateral sepals, an obvious auricle and entire distal lobe of the alae and visibly ridged seeds. Micromorphological characters of the pollen grains and seed surface under SEM of the two varieties also support the recognition of this taxon.     

A new orchid Paphiopedilum guangdongense and its molecular evidence

A new Paphiopedilum entity found in southern Guangdong was studied taxonomically by means of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA analysis in addition to morphological and phytogeographical considerations. This entity is similar to Paphiopedilum gratrixianum (Masters) Rolfe morphologically, from which it differs by having narrower leaves not wider than 2 cm and lacking purple spots toward abaxial base, pale green dorsal sepal veined with pale purplish brown and not heavily spotted with purple, and staminode subtruncate and mucronate at apex. An analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequences of this entity and its allies came to the same conclusion that the entity is a member of Paphiopedilum section Paphiopedilum and closely related to but distinct from P. gratrixianum. As a result, it is treated here as a new species, Paphiopedilum guangdongense Z.J. Liu & L.J.Chen.