香荚兰种子的无菌萌发试验

香荚兰(Vanilla planifolia)是兰科、香荚兰属植物,主产于湿热地区。香荚兰的果实是国际上重要的食用香料的原料。大约在1960年,我国引入香荚兰试栽。生产上,通常用扦插法繁殖;但如用种子繁殖,虽然结实较晚(约7至8年开始结实,较扦插苗晚4—5年),但结实期长,盛产期可维持约15年。而且,在杂交育种过程中,一定要用种子繁殖。     

香荚兰的快速繁殖

香荚兰是生长在热带地区的攀援性兰科植物。原产墨西哥,现广泛栽植在热带多雨地区。它的果实(荚)发酵后,是一种天然食品香料(主香成份是香草醛)的来源。 香荚兰可以用种子繁殖,但从出芽到结实约需7—9年。因此,通常用扦插法繁殖。用长为30—50厘米的插条扦插,3—4年后即可开花结实。因所用的插条较长,国     

两种香荚兰茎的解剖学研究

对引自墨西哥的香荚兰ＶａｎｉｌａｐｌａｎｉｆｏｌｉａＡｎｄｒ．和生长于云南河口县城附近沟谷雨林下的滇南香荚兰Ｖ．ｓｉａｍｅｎｓｉｓＲｏｌｆｅｅｘＤｏｗｎｉｅ进行了茎的解剖研究。结果表明,两者在茎的解剖特征上有显著差异。从茎的横切面上看,引自墨西哥的香荚兰,在皮层最内方与维管区之间存在一环带状的厚壁组织,而滇南香荚兰茎则没有形成这种厚壁组织环;香荚兰茎的皮层细胞小,易于与维管区域的薄壁组织细胞相区别,而滇南香荚兰茎的皮层细胞较大,难与维管区域的薄壁组织细胞区分开来。在同属不同种植物茎中存在如此大的解剖学特征差异实属罕见。它不仅为区分这两个种提供重要的解剖特征依据,而且对于开展种间杂交和对杂种后代的识别具有指导意义     

深圳拟兰，中国兰科一新种

对兰科新种深圳拟兰（Apostasia shenzhenica Z.J.Liu＆L.J.Chen）作了描述和绘图。该新种产中国广东南部,与多枝拟兰（A.ramifera S.C.Chen＆K.Y.Lang）和日本拟兰（A.nipponica Masamune）相近,但本新种的根生有块根;退化雄蕊明显长于花柱,而且上部约1/3不贴生于花柱,可以区别。     

吸附剂及培养基组成对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

本文报道了培养基的组成及添加吸附剂对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响。结果表明,添加吸附剂活性炭及XAD-2后,香荚兰细胞产生的香兰素含量明显增加,而且活性炭的效果优于XAD-2;香荚兰细胞在全组成的MS培养基中香兰素含量均低于由矿物质盐组成培养基中的含量。可以考虑采用二步培养法来培养香荚兰细胞及产生香兰素。     

不同生香阶段香荚兰豆荚中糖甙水解成份研究

B-葡糖甙酶处理香荚兰青荚,HPLC测定酶处理豆荚和空白对照样中香兰素、香兰酸、对羟基苯甲醛、对羟基苯甲酸4个糖甙水解成份的含量。对不同生香阶段的香荚兰豆荚进行上述水解成份的定性,定量分析度监测其在豆荚完整陈化过程中含量的变化。研究结果可为完善生香加工技术,提高豆荚质量提供依据。     

香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素条件的研究

该文报道了碳源、氮源及吸附剂对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响,结果表明,蔗糖比葡萄糖及果糖更适合作香荚兰细胞生长及产生香兰素的碳源,最佳蔗糖浓度为５％;当培养基中仅含ＫＮＯ３,则有利于细胞的生长和香兰素的形成,培养液中去掉ＫＮＯ３仅含ＮＨ４ＮＯ３时,细胞生长和香兰素形成均被抑制;培养基添加吸附剂后,香美兰细胞产生的香兰素含量明显增加,活性炭的效果优于ＸＡＤ-２,而且活性炭用量增加,香兰素的产量亦增加。     

香荚兰酶促生香的研究

采用ＨＰＬＣ分析监测不同生香阶段和陈化期的香荚兰豆荚中香兰素等４个糖甙水解成分的含量变化。用β－葡糖甙酶处理香荚兰青荚,处理后之豆保,香兰素等４个糖甙水解成分的含量均远高于对照。对加酶量,酶促反应时间,反应温度,ｐＨ值４个关键因素进行条件筛选研究,并在所选最佳反应条件下,对不同生香阶段的豆荚进行酶处理。     

香荚兰白绢病的发生及防治（简报）

香荚兰白绢病是罗氏白绢小菌核菌所致,为小范围内的偶发性病害,可能与施用河少、未腐熟牛粪及垃圾土有关。在夏秋两季发生。铲除病株和病土,并用５０％代森铵２００倍液或用７５％甲基托布津浇灌病穴,可有效地防止本病的发生和蔓延。     

诱导物及前体物对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

未经高温处理的黑曲霉诱导物对香荚兰细胞培养产生香兰素有促进作用;苯丙氨酸有利于香荚兰细胞生长,但对香兰素的合成无影响;阿魏酸则减缓细胞生长,明显促进香兰素的合成,但其浓度不宜高于5mmol/L。     

兰属腋花组若干种类的研究

对新种丽花兰Cymbidium concinnum Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen和新变种龙州兰C. eburneum var. longzhouense Z. J. Liu &; S. C. Chen进行了描述和绘图; 丽花兰与大雪兰C. mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.有亲缘关系, 区别点在于新种叶片先端不分裂, 花序具18-22朵花, 唇瓣中裂片上有一个V型的紫红色斑块; 龙州兰(变种)与独占春(原变种)的主要区别在于唇瓣中裂片上和侧裂片顶部有较密的紫红色斑。对象牙白C. maguanense的分类问题进行了讨论, 并为其指定了新模式; 还为腋花组sect. Eburnea国产种类提供一个检索表。     

Foliar architecture of vanilloid orchids: insights into the evolution of reticulate leaf venation in monocotyledons

Leaves of representative taxa within the vanilloid clade of Orchidaceae were cleared and their venation patterns studied. Within subtribe Pogoniinae, Isotria and Pogonia exhibit a prominent reticulate venation pattern, although only Pogonia ophioglossoides is characterized by free vein endings. Within subtribe Vanillinae, all species of Epistephium , as well as the New Caledonian endemics, Eriaxis rigida and Clematepistephium smilacifolium , have reticulate-veined leaves that are characterized by numerous free vein endings. Leaves of most species of Vanilla exhibit a parallel-veined pattern stereotypical of monocots, although branched secondaries with free endings were observed in V. africana. Most members of subtribe Galeolinae are 'saprophytes' with reduced bract-like leaves. Vascular bundles enter these leaf-homologues in a parallel manner, but quickly ram+ throughout the tissue in an irregular manner. Leaf venation is used to hypothesize patterns of generic relationships within the vanilloid clade. Molecular evidence for phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms indicates that reticulate leaf venation has arisen independently in several unrelated monocot families, including the vanilloid Orchidaceae, perhaps by a similar evolutionary scenario.     

中国兰科植物一新种——云南巾唇兰

对中国兰科植物新种云南巾唇兰Pennilabium yunnanense S.C.Chen&Y.B.Luo作了 描述和绘图。该新种与P.acuminatum（Ridley）Holttum较为接近,区别点在于具较小的花朵 ,直径仅3cm;花瓣白色且上面有深紫色斑点,以及唇瓣侧裂片顶端有流苏。     

Vanilla shenzhenica Z. J. Liu & S. C. Chen,the first new species of Orchidaceae found in Shenzhen,South China

Vanilla shenzhenica Z. J. Liu & S. C. Chen, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated. This is the first new species of Orchidaceae found in Shenzhen, South China. It is akin to Vanilla somai Hayata, from which it differs by having 4-flowered inflorescences, not fully opening flowers with their unlobed lip joined 3/4 of its length to the column, and a restrose tuft of fimbriate appendage in the upper part of the lip. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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中国兰科蝴蝶兰属一新记录种——洛氏蝴蝶兰

报道了中国兰科Orchidaceae植物一新记录种——洛氏蝴蝶兰Phalaenopsis lobbii (Rchb. f.) H. R. Sweet.。它与P. gibbosa、P. parishii非常相似, 但本种的花白色, 不具"Z"字形花序轴, 可以区别于前者; 唇瓣上两侧裂片之间的横向半圆形附属物边缘具不规则细锯齿可以区别于后者。     

Christensonella ecallosa sp. nov. (Orchidaceae,Maxillariinae) from Guyana and Brazil

A new species of Christensonella (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) is described and illustrated based on herbarium material. The most important characters of Christensonella ecallosa Lipińska & Szlach. are the ovate lip, with transversely elliptic middle lobe, minutely dentate margins and very obscure lip callus, which forms an elevated thick pad near the base. Taking into account the habit, it may be misidentified as C. uncata, but they are clearly distinguished by the lip shape. The taxonomic affiliations of the new species are briefly discussed.     

中国万代兰属(兰科)一新记录种——双色万代兰

该文报道了在中国西藏林芝地区墨脱县发现的中国兰科(Orchidaceae)万代兰属(Vanda W. Jones ex R. Br.)一新记录种——双色万代兰(Vanda bicolor Griff.)。双色万代兰与白柱万代兰(V. brunnea Rchb. f.)的形态较近似,但前者唇瓣中裂片正面粉色或黄绿色,不具纹,先端稍开裂,易与后者相区别。同时还描述了该新记录种的形态特征,并提供了彩色图版。该研究为兰科植物的研究提供了基础,对丰富我国兰科植物物种多样性具有一定意义。     

中国广西苦苣苔科一新种--灵川小花苣苔

报道了在广西岩溶洞穴发现的苦苣苔科Gesnenaceae小花苣苔属Chiritopsis一新种——灵川小花苣苔C．lingchuanensis Yah Liu＆Y.G.Wei。本种因聚伞花序花稀疏,花冠白色,明显二唇形,上唇比下唇短3倍以上,退化雄蕊3而与羽裂小花苣苔C.bipinnatifida W .T．Wang相近,区别在于前者叶不裂,雄蕊被短柔毛。本种在叶形上还与小花苣苔C.repandaw T.Wang相近,不同在于后者花冠不明显二唇形,上下唇近等长,雄蕊无毛,退化雄蕊2。灵川小花苣苔的分布范围狭窄,目前仅见于一个岩溶洞穴的近洞口段,具明显的洞生习性。     

独龙虾脊兰（兰科）的合格发表

通过补充拉丁文描述和指定模式,本文合格发表了独龙虾脊兰Calanthe dulongensis H. Li, R. Li & Z. L. Dao。该种因其唇瓣中裂片上有3个具短柄的金黄色球状附属物而有别于本属的其他类群。本种在体态上与疏花虾脊兰C. henryi Rolfe和车前虾脊兰C. plantaginea Lindl.相近,不同之处在于本种的根状茎明显,花瓣倒卵状披针形 ,中萼片无毛;本种在体态上也与三褶虾脊兰C. triplicata (Willem.) Ames相近,区别在于本种的唇