Expression and assembly mechanism of the capsid proteins of a satellite virus (XSV) associated with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macrobrachium rosenbergii</Emphasis> nodavirus

The extra small virus (XSV) is a satellite virus associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and its genome consists of two overlapping ORFs, CP17 and CP16. Here we demonstrate that CP16 is expressed from the second AUG of the CP17 gene and is not a proteinase cleavage result of CP17. We further expressed CP17 and several truncated CP17s (in which the N-or C-terminus or both was deleted), respectively, in Escherichia coli. Except for the recombinant plasmid CP17^δC10, all recombinant plasmids expressed soluble protein which assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs), suggesting that the C-terminus is important for VLP formation. Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (30370057).     

外壳蛋白羧端序列缺失对烟草花叶病毒侵染性的影响

对野生型烟草花叶病毒(TMV-U1)的外壳蛋白羧端序列进行系列缺失突变,观察到TMV-U1株系的外壳蛋白羧端序列缺失6个氨基酸(保留152个氨基酸),仍能较强系统侵染烟草并高水平表达外壳蛋白,且能在新生叶里复制大量完整的病毒粒子。该研究结果表明：外壳蛋白羧端6个氨基酸序列并非烟草花叶病毒感染和复制所必需,并对利用外壳蛋白羧端缺失型病毒载体表达外源多肽具有一定的启示性。     

HcNPV半胱氨酸蛋白酶,几丁质酶基因失活分析

将含有美国白蛾核型多角体病毒（Ｈｙｐｈａｎｔｒｉａ ｃｕｍｅａ ｎｕｃｌｅａｒ ｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓ ｖｉｒｕｓ,ＨｃＮＰＶ）半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因（ＣＰ）的自然和几丁质酶基因（ＣｈｉＡ）的片段克隆进ＰＣＲⅡ,构建了转移载体ｐＨｃＣＶｄｅｌ;将含有ＨｃＮＰＶ多角体蛋白全基因（ｐｏｌｈ）序列的片段插入到ｐＨｃＣＶｄｅｌ的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点,得到重组转移载体ｐＨｃＣＶｐｏｌｈ。通过重组转移载体与含有家蚕促     

High level protein expression in plants through the use of a novel autonomously replicating geminivirus shuttle vector

We constructed a novel autonomously replicating gene expression shuttle vector, with the aim of developing a system for transiently expressing proteins at levels useful for commercial production of vaccines and other proteins in plants. The vector, pRIC, is based on the mild strain of the geminivirus Bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV-m) and is replicationally released into plant cells from a recombinant Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. pRIC differs from most other geminivirus-based vectors in that the BeYDV replication-associated elements were included in cis rather than from a co-transfected plasmid, while the BeYDV capsid protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) genes were replaced by an antigen encoding transgene expression cassette derived from the non-replicating A. tumefaciens vector, pTRAc. We tested vector efficacy in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing transient cytoplasmic expression between pRIC and pTRAc constructs encoding either enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or the subunit vaccine antigens, human papillomavirus subtype 16 (HPV-16) major CP L1 and human immunodeficiency virus subtype C p24 antigen. The pRIC constructs were amplified in planta by up to two orders of magnitude by replication, while 50% more HPV-16 L1 and three- to seven-fold more EGFP and HIV-1 p24 were expressed from pRIC than from pTRAc. Vector replication was shown to be correlated with increased protein expression. We anticipate that this new high-yielding plant expression vector will contribute towards the development of a viable plant production platform for vaccine candidates and other pharmaceuticals.     

Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to the Recombinant Potato virus M (PVM) Non‐structural Triple Gene Block Protein 1 and Coat Protein

The genes encoding the coat protein (CP) and triple gene block protein 1 (TGBp1) of Potato virus M (PVM) were cloned into expression vector pET‐45b(+) (N‐terminal 6xHis tag) and expressed in E. coli Rosetta gami‐2(DE3). The purified recombinant antigens were used for raising polyclonal antibodies. The antibodies against recombinant CP were successfully used in Western blot analysis, plate‐trapped ELISA and DAS‐ELISA as a coating for PVM detection in infected potato leaf samples. The antibodies against recombinant non‐structural protein detected the TGBp1 only in Western blot analysis. This is the first report of the production of polyclonal antibodies against recombinant coat protein and TGBp1 of PVM and their use for detecting the virus.     

The cis-expression of the coat protein of turnip mosaic virus is essential for viral intercellular movement in plants

To establish infection, plant viruses are evolutionarily empowered with the ability to spread intercellularly. Potyviruses represent the largest group of known plant-infecting RNA viruses, including many agriculturally important viruses. To better understand intercellular movement of potyviruses, we used turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a model and constructed a double-fluorescent (green and mCherry) protein-tagged TuMV infectious clone, which allows distinct observation of primary and secondary infected cells. We conducted a series of deletion and mutation analyses to characterize the role of TuMV coat protein (CP) in viral intercellular movement. TuMV CP has 288 amino acids and is composed of three domains: the N-terminus (amino acids 1–97), the core (amino acids 98–245), and the C-terminus (amino acids 246–288). We found that deletion of CP or its segments amino acids 51–199, amino acids 200–283, or amino acids 265–274 abolished the ability of TuMV to spread intercellularly but did not affect virus replication. Interestingly, deletion of amino acids 6–50 in the N-terminus domain resulted in the formation of aberrant virions but did not significantly compromise TuMV cell-to-cell and systemic movement. We identified the charged residues R178 and D222 within the core domain that are essential for virion formation and TuMV local and systemic transport in plants. Moreover, we found that trans-expression of the wild-type CP either by TuMV or through genetic transformation-based stable expression could not rescue the movement defect of CP mutants. Taken together these results suggest that TuMV CP is not essential for viral genome replication but is indispensable for viral intercellular transport where only the cis-expressed CP is functional.     

紫藤脉花叶病毒cp基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗血清的制备

采用RT-PCR方法自紫藤脉花叶病毒北京分离物(WVMV-BJ)的基因组中分离出其CP基因,连接到原核表达载体pET22b( )上。获得的重组子pET-WVMVCP转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明,cp基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,融合蛋白分子量约为34．4kDa。将融合蛋白纯化后免疫兔子,获得了特异性较高的抗血清。微量免疫沉淀法测定该抗血清的效价为1／1024,酶联法(enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay,ELISA)测定的效价为1／8192。     

Modification of Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein and its effect on virion assembly

Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) is a positive strand RNA virus. We have modified TYMV coat protein (CP) by inserting a c-Myc epitope peptide at the N- or C-terminus of the CP, and have examined its effect on assembly. We introduced the recombinant CP constructs into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration. Examination of the leaf extracts by agarose gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis showed that the CP modified at the N-terminus produced a band co-migrating with wild-type virions. With C-terminal modification, however, the detected bands moved faster than the wild-type virions. To further examine the effect, TYMV constructs producing the modified CPs were prepared. With N-terminal modification, viral RNAs were protected from RNase A. In contrast, the viral RNAs were not protected with C-terminal modification. Overall, the results suggest that virion assembly and RNA packaging occur properly when the N-terminus of CP is modified, but not when the C-terminus is modified. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(10): 495-500]     

HIV-1 Gag p17-p24在痘苗病毒中的表达及性质研究

研究了重组痘苗病毒表达的HIV1核心蛋白(Gag)p17p24蛋白的一些生物学及免疫学特点。间接免疫荧光、DotELISA及Westernblot结果表明,构建的两株重组病毒分别表达了HIV1Gagp24及p17p24融合蛋白。电镜观察证实,Gagp24及p1724重组蛋白均可形成病毒样粒子。重组病毒可诱导小鼠产生抗HIV1Gagp24抗体。重组病毒感染BHK21细胞后,可见由于细胞凋亡而致的染色体DNA断裂“梯子”电泳图。     

Sequences of Tobacco Rattle Viruses from Potato

The RNA2 of the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) isolate 'Rostock' (TRV-R), and the coat protein gene (CP) of TRV isolate 'Mirow' (TRV-M) were sequenced. Both were isolated from potato. Sequence analysis revealed a 5' noncoding-region (NCR) and a CP gene, which are among the shortest of any tobravirus RNA2 sequenced so far. Downstream of the CP open reading frame (ORF) there was an ORF for a 8 k protein, that is probably a truncated 9 k protein, followed by an ORF for a 16 k protein and the 3' NCR. The 16 k protein and the 3' NCR showed a considerable sequence identity with the 3' end of TRV RNA1 and RNA2 from other TRV isolates. The high identity in the amino acid sequences of the CPs from TRV-R and TRV-M as well as other TRV isolates suggested that they are related to the TCM group of the genus Tobravirus and belong serologically to the RQ-serotype. This could be confirmed using a rabbit antiserum that was prepared against recombinant TRV-R CP expressed in bacteria. This serum was found to be suitable for differentiation of TRV-isolates.     

Multiple activities associated with the capsid protein of satellite panicum mosaic virus are controlled separately by the N- and C-terminal regions

The 17-kDa capsid protein (CP) of satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) contains a distinct N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM) which is required for SPMV virion assembly and the activity of SPMV CP to promote systemic accumulation of its cognate RNA. The present study indicates that SPMV CP also is involved in SPMV RNA accumulation in inoculated leaves and that this activity is also dependent on a functional N-ARM. In addition, deletions of a C-terminal region abolish virion assembly and impair SPMV RNA accumulation in both inoculated and systemic leaves. Unlike the N-ARM mutations, substantial deletions of the SPMV CP C-terminus do not affect SPMV RNA binding activity. Interestingly, SPMV CP also binds Panicum mosaic virus genomic RNA via N-ARM-mediated CP:RNA interactions. Mutations of the N-ARM and the C-terminal regions significantly reduce SPMV CP titers and result in symptom attenuation. In contrast, virions were not associated per se with symptom exacerbation or successful SPMV RNA accumulation. The results show the existence of a correlation between N- and C-termini-mediated contributions for CP accumulation, symptom induction, defective-interfering RNA accumulation, and temperature sensitivity of SPMV RNA maintenance. The data provide further evidence that SPMV CP has multiple roles during infection, which might involve the formation of nonvirion CP:RNA complexes whose stability is controlled in a biologically relevant manner by the N- and C-termini of the CP.     

表达人乳头瘤病毒16型E6/E7融合蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒的构建及免疫效果观察

采用基因工程方法将HPV16E6、E7基因融合后插入痘苗病毒载体,通过同源重组构建表达人乳头瘤病毒16型E6/E7融合蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒疫苗,用C57BL/6小鼠观察其免疫原性和抗肿瘤移植情况。测序结果表明融合的HPV16E6、E7基因序列与设计相符;构建的非复制型重组痘苗病毒经Dot blot鉴定,显示有E6、E7融合基因的插入;Western blot检测表明该重组病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中能表达HPV16型E6/E7融合蛋白。动物免疫试验表明,该重组病毒在小鼠体内可诱发E6、E7特异性抗体;被免疫小鼠能抵抗TC-1肿瘤细胞的攻击。此结果为将来进一步研制HPV16、18型联合疫苗打下了基础。     

非洲猪瘟病毒CP204L基因的原核表达与单抗制备

由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的非洲猪瘟(ASF)给我国养猪业带来了不可估量的经济损失,严重阻碍了我国养猪业的发展,研发ASFV快速诊断试剂是目前最重要的内容之一。CP204L基因编码ASFV结构蛋白p30。本研究以克隆ASFV的CP204L基因为基础,通过基因重组技术,加入His标签,将构建的重组质粒命名为pET-28a-CP204L。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,37℃经1mmol/L异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达6h,表达蛋白进行SDS-PAGE鉴定和Western Blot检测。重组蛋白纯化后免疫小鼠制备筛选单克隆抗体,Western Blot和IFA验证单抗的结合特异性。结果表明,重组的pET-28a-CP204L诱导后表达蛋白为30kD,以不可溶性包涵体形式存在;表达蛋白利用His标签进行纯化,获得纯化蛋白2mg,单克隆抗体筛选获得5株IgG亚型的ASFV p30蛋白的单抗,且均具有良好的结合活性。本研究为发展ASFV检测方法提供了基础。     

Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the modified GP5m protein of porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus

Pseudorabies virus (PRV),an alpha-herpesvirus,has been developed as a live viral vector for animal vaccines.However,the PRV recombinant virus TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),based on the PRV genetically depleted vaccine strain TK-/gE-/LacZ+,scarcely stimulated the vaccinated animals to produce neutralizing antibodies against PRRSV.To develop a booster-specific immune response of such PRV recombinants,the ORF5m gene (the modified ORF5 gene having better immune responses)was substituted for the ORF5 gene and introduced into PRV TK-/gE-/LacZ+,resulting in a PRV recombinant named TK-/gE-/GPSm+,which expressed the modified GPSm protein.The recombinant virus was confirmed using PCR,Southern blotting and Western blotting.TK-/gE-/GPSm+and TK-/gE-/GP5+expressing the authentic GP5 protein were inoculated into Balb/c mice to evaluate their immune responses.The results indicated that the protecting neutralization antibodies (the 3/6 vaccinated mice obtained 1:16)and cell immune responses induced by TK-/gE-/GPSm+against PRRSV were higher than that induced by TK-/gE-/GP5+.Thus,the development of the new PRV recombinant expressing the modified GP5m protein as a candidate vaccine established the basis for the study of bivalent genetic engineering vaccines against PRRSV and PRV.     

侵染节瓜的小西葫芦黄花叶病毒CP基因的克隆、表达及其抗血清的制备

通过鉴别寄主反应、病毒部分序列测定确定了采自广州白云区表现花叶、斑驳症状的节瓜上的病毒为ZYMV。采用RT PCR方法扩增和克隆了该病毒的外壳蛋白基因 ,连接到原核表达载体pET 2 2b( )上。获得的重组子pET ZCP转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)后 ,用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS PAGE和Westernblot分析表明 ,CP基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达 ,融合蛋白分子量约为 33 0kD。将融合蛋白纯化后免疫兔子 ,获得了特异性较高的抗血清。ELISA测定其效价为 1 4 0 96