应用慢病毒载体携带HBV基因组DNA制备乙型肝炎病毒感染小鼠模型的影响因素分析

应用慢病毒载体构建不同HBV转导质粒,通过高压水动力法尾静脉注射小鼠,比较不同HBV转导质粒、剂量(5μg和10μg)、小鼠品系(Balb/c和C57BL/6)及鼠龄(6周龄和18周龄)对建立HBV感染模型的影响。不同的时间点尾静脉采血,ELISA检测血清HBsAg、HBeAg的表达水平及动力变化,Real-time PCR检测血清及肝组织病毒载量;免疫组织化学法检测肝组织HBcAg的定位与表达。1.3倍HBV基因组慢病毒载体转导质粒(pCSHBV1.3)优于1.1倍与1.2倍HBV基因组转导质粒(pCS-HBV1.1or pCS-HBV1.2);pCS-HBV1.3注射Balb/c小鼠后抗原表达维持时间短,抗体出现早;pCS-HBV1.3注射C57BL/6小鼠后,HBsAg、HBeAg抗原表达及血清HBV DNA水平维持时间长;且注射5μg质粒相对于10μg质粒注射小鼠后抗原表达维持时间更长;而6周龄和18周龄小鼠血清均可在较长时间内检测到HBsAg、HBeAg及HBV DNA的表达,但在注射后35周内,前者的表达量均高于后者;所有注射质粒的小鼠肝组织中均可检测到HBcAg的表达,且在血清HBV感染标志转阴时均可检测到肝内HBV DNA的存在。注射质粒的HBV基因组长度、剂量以及宿主的遗传背景均对建立乙肝成体转基因小鼠模型有影响,且发现以5μg含1.3倍HBV基因组的转导质粒pCS-HBV1.3注射6周龄C57BL/6小鼠,HBV抗原表达和HBV DNA水平维持时间长,更适合建立HBV持续感染模型。     

利用乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA构建慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的小鼠模型

目的通过水动力法注射乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)共价闭合环状DNA(cccDNA)构建C57BL/6小鼠慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的模型。方法取29只C57BL/6小鼠,分为实验组、对照组和空白组,应用水动力法分别注射HBV cccDNA、pAAV-HBV1.2及等渗盐水,于注射后收集不同时间点的血清和肝组织。利用放射免疫法检测血清样本中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg);荧光定量PCR检测血清和肝组织中HBV DNA拷贝数;免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中HBsAg和乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBc Ag)的表达;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理变化;使用SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果实验组HBsAg和HBeAg表达均呈现4个上升-下降曲线:HBsAg峰值分别出现在第3天、第3周、第7周和第9周;HBeAg峰值分别出现在第1天、第1周、第4周和第10周。对照组HBsAg和HBeAg表达分别呈现2个或3个明显的峰:HBsAg峰值分别出现在第3天和第8周;HBeAg峰值分别出现在第1天、第3周和第10周。空白组未检测出HBsAg和HBeAg。实验组HBV DNA拷贝数高于对照组的拷贝数(P<0.01);肝组织中HBV DNA拷贝数高于同期血清中的拷贝数(P<0.01);实验组和对照组的肝组织中均有HBsAg和HBc Ag的表达;实验组与对照组出现肝脏细胞炎症、肝细胞纤维化、肝细胞坏死等病理变化,而空白组正常。结论利用水动力法向C57BL/6小鼠体内转入HBV cccDNA,成功建立了慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的小鼠模型,与对照组比较,新建立的小鼠乙肝模型具有更高的HBV表达,动物模型为研究乙型肝炎病毒HBV cccDNA的感染及其引起肝损伤的机制奠定了基础。     

抗HBeAg单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及快速检测试剂盒的制备

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是乙型肝炎的病原体,在我国感染率很高。检测血清中的e抗原(HBeAg)和和抗-HBe,在临床诊断、预后、母婴垂直传播的观察方面均具有重要意义,极须研制质量稳定、特异和敏感的快速诊断试剂。由於HBeAg的分子量小,免疫原性差,且与血清球蛋白及白蛋白有非特异性结合,不易将其分离以制备抗体,故我们采用SDS和2-ME两种变性剂,将大肠杆菌高效表达的基因工程HBcAg转变成HBeAg,转变后HBeAg的ELISA滴度可达1600以上,而HBcAg则不能测出。用此抗原免疫     

用rAAV8-1.3HBV制备两种品系小鼠乙型肝炎病毒感染模型的比较研究

我们先前用rAAV8-1.3HBV静脉注射C57BL/6小鼠成功地制备了慢性乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染模型。为了探讨不同品系的小鼠对rAAV8-1.3HBV静脉注射是否具有不同反应,本研究比较了C57BL/6和BALB/c小鼠静脉注射重组病毒后外周血中HBV抗原和抗体水平、病毒载量和肝脏组织HBcAg表达情况,以及不同剂量重组病毒注射与这些指标的关系。将低(4×109 Viral genome,vg)、中(4×1010vg)和高(4×1011vg)三种剂量的rAAV8-1.3HBV通过尾静脉注射至C57BL/6和BALB/c小鼠,分别利用ELISA和荧光定量PCR方法检测血清中的HBV抗原、抗体水平以及HBV DNA,利用免疫组化检测肝脏组织HBcAg的表达。结果发现,对于C57BL/6小鼠,三种不同剂量rAAV8-1.3HBV注射均可造成100%小鼠出现HBV持续感染;血清HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA以及肝组织HBcAg稳定表达超过8个月,其表达水平随重组病毒注射剂量的增加而升高,高剂量注射时可造成超过40%的肝细胞感染HBV,血清中HBV DNA可达105 IU/mL以上;未检测到针对HBV的抗体。对于BALB/c小鼠,三种不同剂量rAAV8-1.3HBV注射也可造成100%小鼠出现HBV持续感染;血清HBeAg和HBV DNA以及肝组织HBcAg稳定表达超过8个月,但是血清HBsAg在重组病毒注射2周之后显著下降甚至消失;在中剂量注射组的BALB/c小鼠血清中检测到低水平的Anti-HBs;血清HBeAg和肝组织HBcAg的表达水平随重组病毒注射剂量的增加而增高,并且各剂量组表达水平均高于C57BL/6小鼠,高剂量注射时可造成超过50%的肝细胞感染HBV。本研究表明,低至4×109 vg剂量的rAAV8-1.3HBV注射即可造成C57BL/6和BALB/c两种品系小鼠出现HBV持续感染,并且HBV复制水平随重组病毒注射剂量增加而增高;BALB/c小鼠对HBV的免疫反应强于C57BL/6小鼠,可以产生针对HBsAg的体液免疫反应而使血清HBsAg转阴,但无法清除携带HBV的肝细胞。     

HBV相关肝纤维化小鼠模型的建立及关键表型深度分析研究

目的 探索HBV感染所致肝纤维化小鼠模型形成条件及表型分析。方法 以18只CBA/CaJ小鼠为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=4)和实验组(n=14),实验组按照每只2μg的剂量、通过高压水动力方法进行尾静脉注射cccDNA,对照组注射等体积PBS,转染68周后采样。通过qPCR方法检测肝中HBV DNA及HBV cccDNA,ELISA方法检测血清HBsAg、HBeAg,免疫组化检测肝组织中HBsAg、HBcAg,用一代测序法检测HBeAg⁺/HBsAg^-及HBeAg^-/HBsAg⁺组织DNA基因测序,生化分析ALT和AST,HE染色、天狼星染色及Masson染色分析肝组织病理。结果 实验组中,100%的小鼠HBV-DNA拷贝数高于1000 copies/mL;小鼠肝组织cccDNA拷贝数显著高于空白组(P<0.05);42.9%的小鼠血清HBsAg和HBeAg呈阳性;60%的小鼠肝HBsAg呈阳性和26.7%的小鼠肝HBcAg呈阳性;HBeAg^-/HBsAg^+...     

慢性乙型肝炎治疗中HBV YMDD变异的相关因素分析

目的 探讨拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中HBV YMDD变异的相关因素。方法 对应用拉米夫定治疗的22例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行肝功能、乙肝病毒血清学标志物、HBV YMDD变异检测,同时进行肝组织病理学检查。结果 ALT异常率为55%,HBeAg血清转换率为13.6%,HBV YMDD变异发生率为31%,治疗前病毒量的高低不影响其治疗效果。5例患者肝穿组织中HBsAg和HBcAg依然阳性。结论 运用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎6个月后可出现HBV YMDD变异,随着治疗时间延长,其变异发生率越高;HBeAg血清转换率不高;肝组织内仍处于炎症及纤维化状态。     

NIRF可抑制乙型肝炎病毒在水动力法转染HBV小鼠模型中的复制及表达

目前对NIRF(Np95/ICBP-90 like RING finger protein)的研究正朝着细胞癌变进程以及表观遗传学的方向发展,但在体内NIRF对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的复制及表达的影响,目前尚不明确.通过高压水动力法转染HBV小鼠模型,不同时间点收集血液和肝组织标本,荧光定量PCR检测血清及肝组织中病毒载量,WesternBlot检测肝组织HBc(hepatitis B virus core protein)表达,ELISA检测血清HBeAg表达,并通过免疫组化染色检测HBsAg、HBcAg在肝组织中的定位及表达.小鼠转染pAAV-HBV1.3和NIRF以后,血清及肝组织病毒载量降低(n=3,P<0.05),HBc蛋白及HBV相关抗原的表达受到抑制,说明在水动力法转染HBV小鼠模型中NIRF对HBV的复制及表达起到抑制作用,期待能为后续的HBV致病机理及治疗药物的研究与开发提供支持与帮助.     

NIRF在体内外可明显抑制乙型肝炎病毒抗原的表达

随着对NIRF（Np95/ICBP-90 like RING finger protein）研究的深入,其功能已涉及细胞癌变进程以及表观遗传学等领域. 近期研究显示,NIRF能与HBc (hepatitis B virus core protein )相互结合,但其对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)抗原表达的影响尚不明确. 本文通过转染pAAV-HBV1.3质粒和高压水动力法尾静脉注射BALB/C小鼠,建立乙型肝炎病毒的细胞和动物模型,研究NIRF对乙型肝炎病毒抗原表达的影响. ELISA检测细胞上清和小鼠血清中HBsAg、HBeAg的分泌和表达情况,Western 印迹或免疫组化染色技术检测HBcAg. 结果显示,乙型肝炎病毒抗原分泌的细胞以及小动物模型建立成功,并且无论在体内外,NIRF都能对它们的表达起抑制作用,期待能为后续的HBV致病机理以及治疗药物的研究提供支持与帮助.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与HBV血清标志物同时检测及临床意义

目的 :了解前S1抗原与HBV血清标志物的关系。方法 :采用ELSIA方法同时检测 2 1 0 1例乙型肝炎病毒感染者的前S1抗原和HBV血清标志物。结果 :2 9例HBsAg( )、HBeAg( )标本中 ,有 2 8例前S1抗原阳性 ,阳性率 96.5 5 % ;784例HBsAg( )、HBeAg( )、抗HBc( )标本中 ,有 679例前S1抗原阳性 ,阳性率 86.61 % ;2 76例HBsAg( )、抗HBc( )标本中 ,有 1 97例前S1抗原阳性 ,阳性率 71 .38% ;1 0 1 2例HBsAg( )、抗Hbe( )、抗HBc( )标本中 ,有 468例前S1抗原阳性 ,阳性率 46.2 5 %。结论 :前S1抗原作为病毒复制的指标与HBeAg具有很好的一致性 ,又具有其独立的检测价值 ,可弥补HBV血清标志物检测的不足。     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与HBV血清标志物同时检测及临床意义

目的：了解前S1抗原与HBV血清标志物的关系。方法：采用ELSIA方法同时检测2101例乙型肝炎病毒感染者的前S1抗原和HBV血清标志物。结果：29例HBsAg( )、HBeAg( )标本中,有28例前S1抗原阳性,阳性率96．55％;784例HBsAg( )、HBeAg( )、抗HBc( )标本中,有679例前S1抗原阳性,阳性率86．6l％;276例HBsAg( )、抗HBc( )标本中,有197例前S1抗原阳性,阳性率71．38％;1012例HBsAg( )、抗Hbe( )、抗HBc( )标本中,有468例前S1抗原阳性,阳性率46．25％。结论：前S1抗原作为病毒复制的指标与HBeAg具有很好的一致性,又具有其独立的检测价值,可弥补HBV血清标志物检测的不足。     

The HBV HBX gene expressed in E. coli is recognised by sera from hepatitis patients

We have cloned the X gene (HBx) and the HBc antigen (HBc Ag) gene of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Escherichia coli as fusion products with beta-galactosidase. Both HBV genes are expressed in E. coli strain CSR 603. Expression is detected by u.v. irradiation of the bacteria, metabolic labelling and electrophoresis of the labelled extracts on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The HBc Ag protein produced in bacteria can be recognised by anti-HBc sera and peptides derived from the protein are also recognised by anti-HBe sera. The HBx protein is recognised by some, but not all, sera which are anti-HBe positive. HBx Ag is also recognised by a woodchuck antibody similar to anti-HBe (anti-WHe). These results constitute the first proof that the open reading frame X is a true viral gene and is expressed during HBV (and WHV) infection and that an HBx/anti-HBx system, which may have important biological implications, can exist in parallel with the classic HBe/anti-HBe system.     

乙型肝炎病毒HBx蛋白抑制TTRAP启动子活性的体外研究

旨在探讨体外培养条件下HBx蛋白对TTRAP(TRAF and TNF receptor-associated protein)基因转录水平表达的影响。用RT-PCR及Real-time PCR检测TTRAP在HepG2细胞和HepG2.2.15细胞中的表达;构建TTRAP启动子虫荧光素酶报告质粒;分别与HBV、HBs、HBp、HBc、HBx表达质粒共转染HepG2细胞,比较虫荧光素酶活性。RT-PCR和Real-time PCR结果显示,TTRAP在HepG2.2.15细胞中的表达量分别是其在HepG2细胞中表达量的44.9%和27.8%(P0.05)。TTRAP启动子虫荧光素酶报告质粒与HBV表达质粒共转染组的相对荧光素酶活性,与对照组相比下降了43.8%。转染HBx表达质粒组的相对荧光素酶活性与其对照组相比下降了35%,而转染HBc、HBs及HBp表达质粒组对相对荧光素酶活性没有影响。因此证实HBx蛋白能抑制TTRAP启动子活性。     

A Mechanism To Explain the Selection of the Hepatitis e Antigen-Negative Mutant during Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) expresses two structural forms of the nucleoprotein, the intracellular nucleocapsid (hepatitis core antigen [HBcAg]) and the secreted nonparticulate form (hepatitis e antigen [HBeAg]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific genetic immunogens to induce HBc/HBeAg-specific CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell immune responses and the potential to induce liver injury in HBV-transgenic (Tg) mice. Both the HBcAg- and HBeAg-specific plasmids primed comparable immune responses. Both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were important for priming/effector functions of HBc/HBeAg-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, a unique two-step immunization protocol was necessary to elicit maximal CTL priming. Genetic vaccination did not prime CTLs in HBe- or HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice but elicited a weak CTL response in HBcAg-Tg mice. When HBc/HBeAg-specific CTLs were adoptively transferred into HBc-, HBe-, and HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice, the durations of the liver injury and inflammation were significantly greater in HBeAg-Tg recipient mice than in HBcAg-Tg mice. Importantly, liver injury in HBc/HBeAg-dbl-Tg mice was similar to the injury observed in HBeAg-Tg mice. Loss of HBeAg synthesis commonly occurs during chronic HBV infection; however, the mechanism of selection of HBeAg-negative variants is unknown. The finding that hepatocytes expressing wild-type HBV (containing both HBcAg and HBeAg) are more susceptible to CTL-mediated clearance than hepatocytes expressing only HBcAg suggest that the HBeAg-negative variant may have a selective advantage over wild-type HBV within the livers of patients with chronic infection during an immune response and may represent a CTL escape mutant.     

Intracellular hepatitis B virus increases hepatic cholesterol deposition in alcoholic fatty liver via hepatitis B core protein

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a prevalent infectious disease with serious outcomes like chronic and acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the metabolic alteration by HBV is rarely taken into consideration. With the high prevalence of alcohol consumption and chronic HBV infection, their overlap is assumed to be an increasing latent hazard; although the extent has not been calculated. Moreover, the impact of chronic alcohol consumption combined with HBV on cholesterol metabolism is unknown. Six-week-old male FVB/Ncrl mice were hydrodynamically injected with a pGEM-4Z-1.3HBV vector and then fed an ethanol diet for 6 weeks. Serum biomarkers and liver histology, liver cholesterol levels, and cholesterol metabolism-related molecules were measured. In vitro assays with HBx, hepatitis B surface (HBs), or hepatitis B core (HBc) protein expression in HepG2 cells costimulated with ethanol were conducted to assess the cholesterol metabolism. HBV expression synergistically increased cholesterol deposition in the setting of alcoholic fatty liver. The increase of intrahepatic cholesterol was due to metabolic alteration in cholesterol metabolism, including increased cholesterol synthesis, decreased cholesterol degradation, and impaired cholesterol uptake. Overexpression of HBV component HBc, but not HBs or HBx, selectively promoted the hepatocellular cholesterol level.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白定量试验与临床研究

HBV X蛋白 （HBx）是由乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）基因组编码的调控蛋白,与由乙肝引起的肝癌发生具有密切的关系。血清HBx对乙型肝炎、肝癌的诊断及发病机理研究有较高的临床应用价值。在表达并纯化HBx、制备出HBx单克隆抗体与酶标抗体的基础上,研制了HBx定量检测试剂盒（增强化学发光法）,对其灵敏度、特异性等指标进行分析,并将该试剂盒应用于临床研究。结果表明,原核表达并纯化的HBx纯度≥94%;试剂盒灵敏度达0.1ng/ml;线性范围达到0.5ng/ml -600ng/ml;特异性高,与球蛋白、脂蛋白、血红蛋白、酸性糖蛋白、HBc、HBe、HBs、HBV preS2不发生交叉反应;批间CV≤6.5%;临床标本检验慢性乙型肝炎阳性率为55%、肝硬化阳性率为68%、肝癌阳性率70%,表明此试剂盒可应用于乙肝、肝硬化、肝癌的临床诊断及发病机理研究。     

Immune tolerance split between hepatitis B virus precore and core proteins

The function of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore or HBeAg is largely unknown because it is not required for viral assembly, infection, or replication. However, the HBeAg does appear to play a role in viral persistence. It has been suggested that the HBeAg may promote HBV chronicity by functioning as an immunoregulatory protein. As a model of chronic HBeAg exposure and to examine the tolerogenic potential of the HBV precore and core (HBcAg) proteins, HBc/HBeAg-transgenic (Tg) mice crossed with T cell receptor (TCR)-Tg mice expressing receptors for the HBc/HBeAgs (i.e., TCR-antigen double-Tg pairs) were produced. This study revealed three phenotypes of HBe/HBcAg-specific T-cell tolerance: (i) profound T-cell tolerance most likely mediated by clonal deletion, (ii) T-cell clonal ignorance, and (iii) nondeletional T-cell tolerance mediated by clonal anergy and dependent on the structure, location, and concentration of the tolerogen. The secreted HBeAg is significantly more efficient than the intracellular HBcAg at eliciting T-cell tolerance. The split T-cell tolerance between the HBeAg and the HBcAg and the clonal heterogeneity of HBc/HBeAg-specific T-cell tolerance may have significant implications for natural HBV infection and especially for precore-negative chronic hepatitis.     

Hepatitis B core antigen-specific IFN-gamma production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

To evaluate the specificity of cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) Ag in patients with chronic HBV infection, we have measured IFN-gamma production and proliferation of PBMC of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 17 asymptomatic carriers of HBV (ASC), 6 anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs)-positive subjects, and 6 control individuals with ELISA procedure and [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was no significant increase in the mean proliferative response to recombinant HB surface and core Ag (rHBsAg and rHBcAg), nor was IFN-gamma production elicited with rHBsAg in any group. In contrast, PBMC of HBeAg-positive and anti-HBe-positive CAH patients, and anti-hepatitis B "e" Ag (HBe)-positive ASC showed significantly enhanced IFN-gamma production in response to HBcAg, whereas those of HBeAg-positive ASC and anti-HBs-positive subjects did not respond to HBcAg. The maximal response was observed in a 5-day culture with 500 ng/ml of rHBcAg when assessed by stimulation index value. Monocytes did not demonstrate an increased suppressor or helper activity for IFN-gamma production in these patients. T cell subset fractionation revealed that CD4+ cells were main population of IFN-gamma production specific for HBcAg and CD8+ cells did not suppress IFN-gamma production of CD4+ cells. Furthermore, CD4+ cells of HBeAg-positive ASC generated lesser amounts of IFN-gamma than HBeAg-positive CAH patients did. These results show that the measurement of IFN-gamma production is useful to determine cellular immune response to HBV Ag and suggest that IFN-gamma production depends on the helper activity of CD4+ T cells sensitized to HBcAg.