Characterization of duplicated Dunaliella viridis SPT1 genes provides insights into early gene divergence after duplication

The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter gene from unicellular green algae Dunaliella viridis, DvSPT1, shares similarity with members of Pi transporter family. Sequencing analysis of D. viridis BAC clone containing the DvSPT1 gene revealed two inverted duplicated copies of this gene (DvSPT1 and DvSPT1-2 respectively). The duplication covered most of both genes except for their 3' downstream region. The duplicated genomic sequences exhibited 97.9% identity with a synonymous divergence of Ks=0.0126 in the coding region. This data indicated very recent gene duplication in D. viridis genome, providing an excellent opportunity to investigate sequence and expression divergence of duplicated genes at an early stage. Scatted point mutations and length polymorphism of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were predominant among the sequence divergence soon after gene duplication. Due to sequence divergence in the 5' regulatory regions and a swap of the entire 3' downstream regions (3'-UTR), DvSPT1 and DvSPT1-2 showed expression divergence in response to extra-cellular NaCl concentration changes. According to their expression patterns, the two diverged gene copies would provide better adaptation to a broader range of extra-cellular NaCl concentration. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis indicated that there might be a large phosphate transporter gene family in D. viridis.     

Identification of a high-affinity phosphate transporter gene in a prasinophyte alga,Tetraselmis chui,and its expression under nutrient limitation

A high-affinity phosphate transporter gene, TcPHO, was isolated from a growth-dependent subtracted cDNA library of the marine unicellular alga Tetraselmis chui. The full-length cDNA of TcPHO obtained by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends was 1,993 bp long and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 610 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of TcPHO exhibited 51.6 and 49.8% similarity to the amino acid sequences of PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PHO4 from Neurospora crassa, respectively. In addition, hydrophobicity and secondary structure analyses revealed 12 conserved transmembrane domains that were the same as those found in PHO89 and PHO4. The expression of TcPHO mRNA was dependent on phosphate availability. With a low-phosphate treatment, the TcPHO mRNA concentration increased sharply to 2.72 fmol micro g of total RNA(-1) from day 1 to day 2 and remained at this high level from days 2 to 4. Furthermore, rescue treatment with either phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate effectively inhibited TcPHO mRNA expression. In contrast, TcPHO mRNA expression stayed at a low level (range, 0.25 to 0.28 fmol micro g of total RNA(-1)) under low-nitrate conditions. The expression pattern suggests that TcPHO can be used as a molecular probe for monitoring phosphorus stress in T. chui.     

Identification of a High-Affinity Phosphate Transporter Gene in a Prasinophyte Alga, Tetraselmis chui, and Its Expression under Nutrient Limitation

A high-affinity phosphate transporter gene, TcPHO, was isolated from a growth-dependent subtracted cDNA library of the marine unicellular alga Tetraselmis chui. The full-length cDNA of TcPHO obtained by 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends was 1,993 bp long and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 610 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of TcPHO exhibited 51.6 and 49.8% similarity to the amino acid sequences of PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and PHO4 from Neurospora crassa, respectively. In addition, hydrophobicity and secondary structure analyses revealed 12 conserved transmembrane domains that were the same as those found in PHO89 and PHO4. The expression of TcPHO mRNA was dependent on phosphate availability. With a low-phosphate treatment, the TcPHO mRNA concentration increased sharply to 2.72 fmol μg of total RNA⁻¹ from day 1 to day 2 and remained at this high level from days 2 to 4. Furthermore, rescue treatment with either phosphate or p-nitrophenyl phosphate effectively inhibited TcPHO mRNA expression. In contrast, TcPHO mRNA expression stayed at a low level (range, 0.25 to 0.28 fmol μg of total RNA⁻¹) under low-nitrate conditions. The expression pattern suggests that TcPHO can be used as a molecular probe for monitoring phosphorus stress in T. chui.     

Molecular cloning, primary structure, and expression of the human growth factor-activatable Na+/H+ antiporter

We present the complete sequence of a cDNA encoding the human amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiporter. After functional complementation of a mouse fibroblast mutant by gene transfer, we isolated a 0.8 kb genomic probe from a third-cycle mouse transformant. The probe detects gene amplification in Na+/H+ antiporter "overexpressers" and a single class of mRNA of ca. 5.6 kb in human, mouse, and hamster cells. With this probe we isolated a 4 kb cDNA from a library constructed from a mouse transformant in which the transfected human gene was amplified. This cDNA includes a noncoding leader of 407 bp, a 2682 bp open reading frame, and a 3' noncoding sequence containing a mouse B1 repeated element. The amino acid sequence predicts a protein of Mr = 99,354 with an N-terminal amphipathic domain that contains 10 putative transmembrane-spanning segments and two potential glycosylation sites, followed by a hydrophilic stretch of 395 residues, presumably cytoplasmic. Stable expression of the transfected cDNA in Na+/H+ antiporter-deficient cells restored the key functional features of this transporter: H+i-activated Na+ influx, amiloride sensitivity, and pHi regulation.     

菜豆泛肽基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫处理的菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出1个重金属胁迫响应基因PvSR52克隆,其cDNA长度为281bp。cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明PvSR52编码一种多聚泛肽。Southern blot结果表明菜豆泛肽可能由少数基因编码。Northern blot分析表明多聚泛肽叶片中表达较少;重金属Hg、Cd和As等、过量的Zn和Cu及高温、病毒侵染和水杨酸等环境胁迫均能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达。推测泛肽水解系统在提高植物的抗塑性方面有重要作用。     

Protein phosphatase 2A: identification in Oryza sativa of the gene encoding the regulatory A subunit

A 2225 bp cDNA, designated RPA1, was isolated from an Oryza sativa cDNA library. Analysis revealed a 1761 bp coding sequence with 15 non-identical repeat units. The ORF encoded the A regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-A) as ascertained by complementation of the yeast tpd3 mutant defective in this gene. The corresponding genomic DNA from a rice genome BAC library revealed that the gene contains eleven introns. The rice genome contains only a single copy of this gene as judged by Southern blot analysis. The PP2A protein is highly conserved in nature; the rice protein shows 88% amino acid identity with its counterparts in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana tabacum.     

Hamster cytochrome P-450 IA gene family, P-450IA1 and P-450IA2 in lung and liver: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.

Two cDNA clones, 2C19 and 4C1, were isolated from a lung cDNA library of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated hamster by using rat P-450c cDNA as a probe. The cDNA determined from 2C19 and 4C1 was 2,916 bp long and contained an entire coding region for 524 amino acids with a molecular weight of 59,408. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a 85% identity with that of rat P-450c indicating 2C19 and 4C1 encode the hamster P-450IA1 protein. Another cDNA clone, designated H28, was isolated from a MC-induced hamster liver cDNA library by using the hamster lung 2C19 or 4C1 cDNA clone as a probe. H28 was 1,876 bp long and encoded a polypeptide of 513 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58,079. The N-terminal 20 residues deduced from nucleotide sequence of H28 were identical to those determined by sequence analysis of purified hamster hepatic P-450MCI. The high similarity of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between H28 and P-450IA2 of other species indicated that H28 encoded a P-450 protein which belongs to the P-450IA2 family. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNAs for hamster P-450IA1 and IA2 were about 2.9 and 1.9 kb long, respectively. Hamster P-450IA1 mRNA was induced to the same level in lungs as in livers by MC treatment, whereas hamster P-450IA2 mRNA was induced and expressed only in hamster liver.     

氮磷饥饿诱导的水稻糖转运体基因的cDNA克隆和鉴定

运用快速扣除杂交 (RaSH)方法构建了水稻氮饥饿诱导的cDNA文库。从该文库获得了一个cDNA克隆OsNSI1 (Oryzasativanitrogenstarva tion inducible 1 )。该全长cDNA编码 5 77个氨基酸 ,蛋白分子量为 6 1 .2kD。推测得出的氨基酸序列与其他物种的糖转运体有很高的同源性。水合性分析表明OsNSI1包含有 1 2个跨膜区域和一个中心亲水环。这些数据提示OsNSI1是一个糖转运体蛋白。Southern印迹分析表明OsNSI1是一个单拷贝基因。Northern印迹分析表明OsNSI1主要在叶及根中表达 ,氮、磷饥饿能强烈诱导其表达增强     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因的克隆与表达分析

采用RT-PCR方法,从小麦中克隆获得1个盐诱导小麦MYB类转录因子基因TaSIM（Triticum aestivum salt-induced MYB）,该基因cDNA全长1 213bp,具有1个831bp的开放阅读框,编码276个氨基酸,预测分子量约为29.903kD,等电点为10.12,推测的氨基酸序列中含有2个高度保守的SANT结构域。系统发生树分析表明,TaSIM与二穗短柄草XP₀03576185亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR检测结果显示,TaSIM基因受盐胁迫诱导表达。亚细胞定位结果显示,TaSIM-hGFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核中。研究结果表明,小麦TaSIM基因编码的蛋白可能在细胞核内参与小麦对盐胁迫的应答反应。     

小麦胁迫相关基因W1的克隆及表达模式分析

应用噬菌体原位杂交技术从干旱胁迫诱导的小麦cDNA文库中克隆到一个胁迫诱导的基因片段别。删全长cDNA为901bp,其中,编码区长498bp,编码166个氨基酸。Southern杂交表明,W1是一个低拷贝基因。RT—PCR结果表明,W1受干旱、低温的诱导,但不受高盐的诱导。氨基酸序列分析发现W1有一个USP保守区（pfam00582）。同源性分析发现W1与一个水稻胁迫诱导蛋白（NM_001061239）的同源性为83％,但该类蛋白的功能尚无报道。肼是小麦第1个被克隆的胁迫相关蛋白基因,该基因的克隆有助于阐明小麦的抗逆机制,并为今后培育抗逆性小麦品种提供候选基因。     

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA for rat liver cysteine dioxygenase

Cysteine dioxygenase is a key enzyme of cysteine metabolism in mammals. The cDNA clones for rat liver cysteine dioxygenase were isolated by immunological screening and plaque hybridization from a rat liver cDNA library. The longest clone contained an insert of 1458 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 200 amino acids. The clone included the corresponding nucleotide sequence to amino acid sequences obtained from four lysyl endopeptidase-digested fragments of purified rat liver cysteine dioxygenase. The calculated molecular weight of rat liver cysteine dioxygenase was 23,025. Northern blot analysis revealed a single cysteine dioxygenase mRNA species of about 1.7 kb. A computer homology search indicated that this protein showed no homology with any known protein.     

棉花咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶基因的克隆及表达

根据棉花纤维特异表达cDNA文库分析得到的咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)基因EST序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR技术首次从棉花中克隆了一个CCoAOMT基因,命名为GhCCoAOMT1(GenBank登录号为FJ848871).研究结果表明:GhCCoAOMT1基因cDNA全长960 bp,具有一个753 bp的开放阅读框,5'非编码区为9 bp,3'非编码区为198 bp,编码250个氨基酸,预测分子量约为28.306 kDa,等电点为5.39.利用PCR方法克隆了GhCCoAOMT1基因的基因组序列,长度为1 311 bp,包含5个外显子和4个内含子.氨基酸同源性分析发现,GhCCoAOMT1与来自毛白杨、烟草和苎麻的CCoAOMT同源性较高.半定量RT-PCR检测表明,GhCCoAOMT1基因在棉花各个组织中都有表达,其中茎部的表达量最高,其次表达量依次为根>花瓣>子叶>10 d纤维>雄蕊>胚珠>叶.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel antibacterial peptide, defensin, from the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari.

A full-length cDNA clone with high homology (62% mature peptide sequence identity) to an Acalolepta luxuriosa antibacterial gene, possessing a conserved cysteine-stabilized alphabeta motif, was cloned by screening an Apriona germari cDNA library. This gene (AgCRP) had a total length of 360 bp with an open reading frame of 207 bp, and encoded a predicted peptide of 69 amino acid residues. The mature AgCRP peptide was 27 amino acid residues long and had a cysteine-stabilized alphabeta motif of C...CXXXC...C...CXC consensus sequence, similar to insect defensins. Northern blot analysis revealed that the AgCRP exhibited fat body-specific expression and was up-regulated by wounding, bacterial or fungal challenge.     

阜豆GmABC基因的克隆及表达分析

利用RACE技术从大豆品种‘阜豆11号’中克隆到1个ABC转运蛋白基因,该基因cDNA全长为4 693bp,其中开放读码框4 341bp,编码1 447个氨基酸,分子量162.5kD,具有高度保守的ATP结合位点,命名为GmABC。蛋白序列比对结果显示,该基因编码蛋白属于PDR(pleiotropic drug resistance)多向耐药性蛋白家族成员。系统进化树分析显示,GmABC与苜蓿PDR亲缘关系最近,相似性达84%。基因表达分析显示,GmABC受镉诱导表达,当Cd2+浓度达到100mg.L-1时,其表达量最高。研究表明,GmABC可能对阜豆镉胁迫抗性发挥重要作用。     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of human pancreatic prechymotrypsinogen cDNA

The cDNA clone encoding human prechymotrypsinogen was isolated from a human pancreas cDNA library and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequence consists of a 16 bp 5' non-coding region, a 789 bp amino acid coding region and a 60 bp 3' non-coding region. The predicted product consists of 263 amino acids, including 18 amino acids for a signal peptide and 15 amino acids possible for an activation peptide. Southern blot analyses using the cloned cDNA as a probe revealed that human genomic DNA carries at least two genes that are related to chymotrypsinogen.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a transferrin cDNA from the white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis.

A full-length cDNA clone with high homology to insect transferrin genes was cloned by screening a Protaetia brevitarsis cDNA library. This gene (PbTf) had a total length of 2338 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2163 bp, and encoded a predicted peptide of 721 amino acid residues. Like known cockroach, termite, and beetle transferrins, PbTf appears to have residues comprising iron-binding sites in both N- and C-terminal lobes. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PbTf cDNA was closest in structure to the beetle Apriona germari transferrin (68% protein sequence identity). Northern blot analysis revealed that PbTf exhibited fat body-specific expression and was upregulated by wounding, bacterial or fungal infection and iron overload, suggesting a functional role for PbTf in defense and stress responses.