ERRs and cancers: effects on metabolism and on proliferation and migration capacities

ERRs are orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily which, at least for ERRα and ERRγ display important roles in the control of various metabolic processes. On other hand, correlations have been found between the expression of ERRα and γ and diverse parameters of tumor progression in human cancers. Whereas it is tempting to speculate that ERR receptors act in tumors through the regulation of metabolism, recent data have suggested that they also may directly regulate tumor proliferation and progression independently of their effects on metabolism. The two aspects of tumoral functions of ERR receptors are the purpose of the present review.     

Studies on antireceptor antibody and on alloantibody formation

Semiallogeneic and allogeneic immunization protocols were used to clarify the origin of two antibody activities: (a) those directed at alloantigens and (b) those directed at receptors for alloantigens. In a first variant of semiallogeneic immunization, parental strain spleen cells were injected into F₁ hybrid hosts where they could not be rejected; both antireceptor antibody and alloantibody activities appeared, persisting for over 10 weeks. When the host was irradiated, no antireceptor antibody was formed, indicating the F₁ origin of this activity. In the second variant of semiallogeneic immunization, F₁ spleen cells were injected into parental hosts. Here the antireceptor antibody, while reaching high titers, even in hosts presensitized to antigens of the donor, soon disappeared, presumably due to the rejection of inoculated cells. It was concluded that in both variants of semiallogeneic situations, antireceptor antibodies were formed by F₁ cells, whereas alloantibodies were formed by parental cells. In allogeneic immunizations, four activities were found in serum —two directed at alloantigens (one set from each partner) and two directed at receptors for alloantigens (one set from each partner) —indicating that lymphoid cells of any origin can function as producers of antibodies to alloreceptors, in strict analogy to their potential as producers of antibody to alloantigens.     

微量元素锌和超氧化物歧化酶对产蛋鸡影响的研究

结果表明：与对照相比,加锌Ⅱ组鸡的产蛋率高（P＜0．05）,破壳率低（P＜0．01）;加锌Ⅱ组鸡的产蛋率高（P＜0．01）,破壳率降低（P＜0．01）,蛋重增加（P＜0．05）饲料消耗减少,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,生产性无显著差异。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肝中GOT和GPT、血清中AKP酶活性显著增加（P＜0．01）肝中AKPⅡ组明显上升（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著提高（P＜0．01）,SOD酶活性Ⅱ明显增加（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著上升（P＜0．01）,Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较,肝中GOT和AKP存在显著差异（P＜0．01）。其它酶活性各组间无明显差异（P＜0．05）。鸡蛋中的锌含量Ⅱ和 Ⅲ组大幅度上升（P＜0．01）,Ⅲ组磷脂降低（P＜0．05）,Ⅱ组不受影响（P＜0．05）。铁和各种氨基酸含量无明显变化（P＜0．05）。肝脏、肺脏、肌肉和翅羽中的锌含量Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组显著增加（P＜0．01）能脏中的锌含量Ⅱ组明显上升（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组显著提高（P＜0．01）,心脏、脾脏和卵巢无显著影响（P＜0．05）。     

基于秩和检验与SVM的基因特征选取与分类方法

研究了如何提取基因图谱信息的方法问题,提出一种新的基因"标签"提取方法.该方法采用秩和检验法选取基因"标签",得到不同显著性水平下基因"标签"的数目,然后将秩和检验法和分类信息指数相结合,在与基于SVM建立的分类模型比较后,提取最合适的基因"标签",再结合分类信息指数重复数次对这些基因"标签"选取主基因,最后用SVM检验主基因选取及分类的准确率,发现准确率有所提高,说明该方法的有效性.     

乙醇与乙醛对心脏的影响及其可能机制的探讨

通过研究乙醇、乙醛对离体心脏和神经干的影响,探讨乙醇、乙醛对心脏作用的可能机制.用不同浓度的乙醇和乙醛处理牛蛙蛙心灌流标本和坐骨神经标本,用BL-420 系统对给药前后心脏的心率和振幅以及神经干最小刺激强度作记录.乙醇和乙醛可以引起神经兴奋性的改变从而影响神经冲动的传导,而且其影响具有明显的量效依赖关系,低浓度的乙醇和乙醛能使神经的兴奋性增加,高浓度则降低;乙醇对心脏的心率和振幅均有抑制作用,低浓度的乙醛对心脏心率和振幅有促进作用,高浓度的乙醛对心脏造成不可恢复的损伤.乙醇、乙醛对心脏的影响效果不同,但两者均可直接影响及通过神经而间接影响心脏的活动.     

Thoughts on the origin and nature of life and intelligence on earth

Believing, for good reasons, that our Universe engenders the occurrence of Life, it is probable that Life appeared more than once on young planet Earth. The universality of our genetic code indicates though, that only one line produced a population that was cellular, autopoietic, responsive intelligently (i.e., to its advantage) to its environment, and capable of reproduction. Its evolution took time during which other intermediate or incipient forms of life disappeared. Trying to retrace ab initio the preceding chemical evolution on our young planet, we may not repeat the chemistry which led to our line. One can argue that it may be profitable to attempt to construct artificial life forms using the kind of building blocks that we learned to know through studying the chemistry of our life. Independently, computers are being built, or are planned, which possess memory that can be used appropriately (intelligently), and which to some extent can repair and reproduce themselves. Such Life does not depend on our biochemistry. However, these machines do perform as yet only partly along the lines of our human intelligence which is guided by self-awareness and a sense of individual integrity, and are thereby not equipped to search for Understanding and Self-expression.     

Effect of polyphenols on shoot and root growth and on seed germination

The effect of high concentrations of the simplest polyphenols on extension growth of maize (Zea mays L.) shoot ooleoptile segments, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) roots, and on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed germination, was studied. Quinone formation in the process of plant incubation in polyphenol solutions was proved. The data obtained are presumably explained by the important part that is played by the quinoid products of phenol oxidation in the ability ofo- andp-biatomic phenols to inhibit growth.     

Effects of ethylN-phenylcarbamate on wall microtubules and on gibberellin- and kinetin-controlled cell expansion

In azuki bean epicotyl segments, ethylN-phenylcarbamate, at the concentration where it brought about almost complete disappearance of wall microtubules, reversed the gibberellin promotion and the kinetin inhibition of stem elongation.     

Effects of sulfite and pH on abscisic acid-dependent transpiration and on stomatal opening

In rice, alday, wheat and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. Samsunand Samsun NN) plants which contained large amounts of ABA,the transpiration rate decreased rapidly with 2 ppm SO₂ fumigationand reached 20 to 65% of the initial level after 5- to 30-minexposure depending on their ABA contents. In the cases of broadbean and tobacco (N. glutinosa L.) with low ABA contents, therate slightly increased for 20 and 40 min, respectively, afterthe start of the fumigation and then decreased gradually. Thetranspiration rates of corn and sorghum, in spite of their extremelylow ABA contents, pronouncedly decreased with SO₂ fumigationand reached 65 and 50%, respectively, of the initial levelsafter 40-min exposure. Foliar application of 0.04 N HC1 to N.tabacum L. Samsun NN leaves remarkably depressed the transpirationrate, while the application of 0.04 M Na₂SO₃ decreased the rateonly to the same level as water treatment. Foliar applicationof either HCl or Na₂SO₃ to N. glutinosa L. leaves exerted littlechange in the transpiration rate. When 10^–4M ABA was appliedto broad bean leaves prior to HCl and Na₂SO₃ treatment, theirtranspiration rate was decreased by HCl, but not by Na₂SO₃ application.In sonicated epidermal strips peeled from broad bean leaves,Na₂SO₃ produced a slight increase in the stomatal aperture sizein the absence of ABA, but showed no effect in the presenceof ABA. The aperture size was identical in the pH range of 3.0to 7.0 in the incubation medium. In the presence of ABA in themedium, the aperture size was small in the acidic region ofpH with a minimal value at pH 4.0. ABA decreased the aperturesize at concentrations above 10^–9 M at pH 4.0 and 10^–6M at pH 7.0 in the medium. [2_–14C] ABA uptake by epidermalstrips was large in the acidic region, especially at pH 4.0. (Received February 28, 1980; )     

Effect of Heat Shock on Plant Growth and on Lipid and beta-Glucan Syntheses

Primary leaves of 8-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris plants dipped in water at 46.5 to 47.5 C for 2 minutes were found to have decreased synthesis of lipid and β-glucan compared to controls; UDP-glucose was used as substrate by cell-free preparations. As time elapsed, leaf growth, which was inhibited within the first 12 hours recovered in a subsequent 24-hour period. Synthesis of alkali-insoluble glucan by cell-free preparations was stimulated both in absolute and relative terms in the treated leaves at the later time period.